Journal of Social Science and Cultural

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A RECREATION PROGRAM USING TRADITIONAL GAMES AND FOLK PLAYS TO PROMOTE GROWTH MINDSET AMONG UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2026-06-25T21:27:13+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Develop and 2) Evaluate a recreation program using traditional games and folk plays to promote growth mindset among upper secondary school students. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach. The experimental phase adopted a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The participants consisted of 30 Grade 10 students from Srinakharinwirot University Prasarnmit Demonstration School (Secondary) and nine experts, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included a recreation program using traditional games and folk plays, a program quality evaluation form, a growth mindset assessment, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The program was implemented over eight weeks. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the paired-samples t-test. The findings revealed that the developed program integrated 16 recreation activities based on traditional games and folk plays and was designed to promote the five dimensions of growth mindset, including valuing effort, embracing challenges, overcoming obstacles, learning from others’ success, and accepting feedback. The overall quality of the program was rated at the highest level by the experts (M = 4.87, S.D. = 0.34, I-CVI = 0.98). After participating in the program, the students demonstrated significantly higher growth mindset scores than before participation at the .05 level (pre-test: M = 3.29, S.D. = 0.48; post-test: M = 4.03, S.D. = 0.54; t = 5.887, p < .001). In addition, the participants reported the highest level of overall satisfaction with the program. These findings indicate that the recreation program effectively promoted growth mindset among upper secondary school students and can be appropriately applied to student development activities in educational settings.

THAI DRAMATIC ARTS CREATING “ADUL PISAC CHOM DONG”

2026-06-30T10:48:57+07:00

Khon is an important form of Thai performing arts heritage that reflects the wisdom, beliefs, aesthetics, and cultural identity of the Thai nation. Khon Rong Nai is a highly refined court performance that integrates dance, narration, vocal recitation, and classical music in accordance with established conventions of Thai dramatic arts. However, solo performances of female demon characters and the choreographic tradition associated with the “forest admiration” (Chom Dong) narration have become increasingly rare in contemporary practice. This qualitative research aimed to investigate the historical background and character identity of “Adul Pisac,” a female demon in the royal version of the Ramakien (Ramayana), the royal literary adaptation commissioned by King Rama I, and to create a Thai classical dance performance titled Adul Pisac Chom Dong, in the form of a Khon Rong Nai solo dance. Data were collected through documentary research, literature review, and in-depth interviews with seven experts and specialists in Thai performing arts. The collected data were analyzed and synthesized to develop the performance concept, lyrics, musical composition, costume design, and choreographic structure. The findings revealed that Adul Pisac’s distinctive identity is characterized by familial devotion, ferocity, intelligence, and cunning strategy. These characteristics served as the conceptual foundation for the creative performance, which was structured into three episodes: Rittha Asuree (The Power of the Demoness), Nang Yaksi Ploen Chom (The Demoness Admiring the Forest), and Mung Trong Nang Kanlaya (The Pursuit of the Maiden). The choreography was newly created through interpretive movement design grounded in lyrical meaning and traditional Na Phat musical forms, while adapting the conventional giant-character dance vocabulary to establish a unique feminine demon identity. Evaluation by performing arts experts indicated that the performance demonstrated the highest level of accuracy in accordance with Thai classical dance conventions, aesthetic quality, and academic value. This research contributes new knowledge concerning the creation of Chom Dong choreographic repertoire for female demon characters within the Khon Rong Nai tradition and provides a model for the preservation, revitalization, and contemporary development of Thai classical performing arts.

A STUDY OF LEADERSHIP AMONG PRIVATE HOSPITAL EXECUTIVES IN NORTHEASTERN THAILAND

2026-07-13T13:00:34+07:00

This study aimed to: 1) Examine the definition and leadership characteristics of private hospital executives in Northeast Thailand, and 2) Analyze and synthesize a model or dimensions of leadership. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, this study integrated Appreciative Inquiry (AI) with Action Research. The key informants consisted of 10 private hospital executives, along with heads of general administration and nursing departments, totaling 30 participants from 10 private hospitals across 7 northeastern provinces. The research instruments included semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis based on the Braun and Clarke framework, combined with a synthetic interpretation of field data. The findings revealed that private hospital executives in Northeast Thailand defined leadership as being human-centric, managing with loving-kindness and compassion, listening to personnel, building collaboration, and balancing service quality, business goals, and social responsibility amidst resource challenges, healthcare system shifts, and professional shortages. Seven leadership characteristics were synthesized: humanitarian leadership, collaborative leadership, visionary leadership, listening leadership, fair leadership, adaptive leadership, and balancing leadership. Furthermore, the study synthesized an “Appreciative Leadership Model” tailored to the private hospital context. This model comprises 3 core components: an inner layer of the Four Sublime States of Mind (Brahmavihara IV) as the moral foundation; a middle layer consisting of 8 leadership characteristics; and an outer layer utilizing the 4-D Appreciative Inquiry process as a mechanism for organizational development. This structure is grounded in a socio-cultural context that emphasizes care and empathy, allowing it to be effectively applied to leadership development.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN SUPPLY CHAINS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN THAILAND

2026-07-09T14:07:10+07:00

This qualitative research aimed to examine the internal and external organizational factors influencing the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the supply chains of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand and to develop an AI application model that enhances sustainable competitive advantage. The study employed documentary research by reviewing 88 documents, including relevant theories, concepts, and previous studies, as well as focus group discussions with five participants comprising supply chain scholars, AI experts, and SME entrepreneurs, selected by specific sampling method. The research instrument was a focus group discussion guide, which was validated by three experts using the Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index, with values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. Data were analyzed using content and thematic analyses. The findings revealed that the factors influencing AI application in the supply chains of Thai SMEs can be classified into two categories: internal and external organizational factors. Internal factors include human resources, digital technology readiness, organizational culture, information systems, and top management support. External factors consist of government policies and support, business competition, technological change, and sustainability orientation. AI applications also improve demand forecasting, inventory management, cost reduction, and customer responsiveness, thereby strengthening sustainable competitive advantage. However, Thai SMEs continue to face constraints related to financial resources, workforce capability, and digital knowledge. These findings indicate the need for continuous support from government agencies and higher education institutions to facilitate AI adoption. Based on these findings, the study proposes an AI application model for supply chain management in Thai SMEs, serving as a practical framework to strengthen organizational capabilities and improve competitiveness in the digital economy.

MEDITATION PRACTICES FOR ENHANCING MENTAL HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN LAMPANG PROVINCE

2026-06-24T17:16:57+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Study problems and current mental health of older adults in Lampang province, 2) Develop a meditation practice for enhancing mental health in Lampang province, and 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of meditation practice for enhancing mental health among older adults in Lampang Province. The study employed a mixed methods research design consisting of three phases: 1) A qualitative study exploring the problems and current mental health among 35 older adults through in-depth interviews; 2) A qualitative study to develop meditation practice through in-depth interviews with 17 key informants, including Vipassanā masters, Buddhist scholars, older adults, together with focus group discussion of 9 experts; and 3) A quantitative and qualitative study to evaluate the effectiveness of meditation practice among 35 older adults using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that: 1) Older adults experienced three major psychological challenges, namely feelings of loneliness, pressure from family responsibilities, and anxiety about health issues; 2) The developed meditation practice to enhance mental health of older adults integrated the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna 4) and the Recollection of the Buddha (Buddhānussati). The program began with a one-day group mindfulness practice, followed by 14 consecutive days of self-practice at home using digital MP3 audio media featuring dhamma songs for the Recollection of the Buddha (Buddhānussati) , and concluded with another one-day of meditation practice.; and 3) The effectiveness evaluation demonstrated that the mental health of older adults improved significantly from the normal range to a level higher than that of the general population (Mean increased from 45.43 to 51.23, t = 5.835, p < .01). Qualitative findings further indicated that participants experienced reduced anxiety, improved sleep quality, and enhanced ability to manage stress.

DEVELOPING A MODEL TO ENHANCE THE COMPETENCE OF DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATORS IN THE 21ST CENTURY FOR DISTRICT CHIEFS IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE

2026-06-18T17:47:05+07:00

The purposes of this research article were to 1) Examine the current conditions, desired conditions, and priority needs related to competencies; 2) Develop a competency enhancement model; and 3) Validate a competency enhancement model for 21st-century development administrators serving as district chiefs in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The results of the needs assessment were used to develop the competency enhancement model and to examine its validity, appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using a mixed-methods approach. The mixed-methods design was adopted to systematically integrate the quantitative findings from the needs assessment with the development of the competency enhancement model and the evaluation of its appropriateness. The research was conducted in three phases: 1) Needs assessment, 2) Model development through an expert seminar, and 3) Model validation by a panel of experts. The findings revealed three major results. First, the competency development process with the highest priority need was competency gap assessment, while the competency requiring the most urgent development was change leadership. These findings indicate that the development of district chiefs should begin with an assessment of competency gaps before appropriate development strategies are formulated. Second, the findings from the needs assessment led to the development of the LSGISCB Model, which comprises five major components. The model's distinctive feature is the systematic and continuous integration of the competencies required of 21st-century development administrators into the competency development process. Third, the validation results confirmed that the developed model demonstrated high levels of validity, appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness. The model can serve as a practical framework for enhancing the competencies of district chiefs by strengthening change leadership, strategic management, collaborative governance, and area-based development in alignment with the demands of public administration in the 21st century.

DEVELOPING TEACHER LEADERSHIP FOR LEARNING MANAGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA OF MATTHAYOM WARITCHAPHUM SCHOOL

2026-06-25T21:21:09+07:00

The purposes of this research aimed to examine the components, needs assessment, development guidelines, and outcomes of teacher leadership development for learning management in the digital era at Matthayom Waritchaphum School. This study employed Participatory Action Research (PAR) conducted through two cycles, each comprising four stages: Planning, Action, Observation, and Reflection. The target research site was Matthayom Waritchaphum School, located in Sakon Nakhon Province. The research participants consisted of 46 teachers. The informants included 92 participants including 3 school administrators, 1 head of the academic affairs department, 8 heads of learning areas, and representatives of students and students’ parents, with 40 participants from each group. The findings were as follows: 1) The components of teacher leadership for learning management in the digital era comprised: 1.1) Digital skills and competencies, 1.2) Learning design in the digital era, 1.3) Learning innovation development, 1.4) Self-development, professional development, and peer development, 1.5) Curriculum development and learning management, 1.6) Transformational teacher leadership, and 1.7) Classroom management and student development. 2) The priority needs assessment, identified the top three areas as: digital skills and competencies (PNI_modified = 0.097), learning innovation development (PNI_modified = 0.078), and learning design in the digital era (PNI_modified = 0.076). 3) The proposed development approaches included: 3.1) Workshop, 3.2) On-the-job development, 3.3) Self-directed learning and professional development through authentic practice and collaborative knowledge sharing, 3.4) Focus group discussions, and 3.5) Self-development reporting, and 4) The outcomes of the development indicated that teachers demonstrated the ability to design lesson plans at the highest level ( ≥ 4.51). Their instructional management was evaluated by students at the highest level ( = 4.71), while parents rated students’ overall performance at the highest level ( = 4.53). Furthermore, students achieved learning outcomes at a very good academic performance (79.96%), excellent key competencies (96.67%) and excellent desirable characteristics (93.00%).

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RECREATION PROGRAM TO PROMOTE THE ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

2026-06-27T15:56:52+07:00

This research article aimed to: 1) Investigate the problems and needs assessment, 2) Develop a recreation program, and 3) Evaluate and expand the implementation of the recreation program to promote assertive behavior among lower secondary school students. The research was conducted in three phases. 1) Involved a study of problems and needs assessment with a sample of 292 lower secondary school students from demonstration schools under Srinakharinwirot University. 2) Focused on program development, involving seven experts for instrument validation and nine experts for focus group discussion. and 3) Consisted of the implementation and expansion of the recreation program with two groups of Grade 7 students from Srinakharinwirot University Demonstration School, Prasarnmit (Secondary) and Srinakharinwirot University Demonstration School, Pathumwan, with 30 students from each school. The research instruments included a needs assessment questionnaire, an assertive behavior scale, the recreation program, and the program manual.
Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the Priority Needs Index Modified (PNI_modified), and the paired-samples t-test. The results indicated that students reported the highest priority need for social recreation activities (PNI_modified = 0.12), followed by dance activities (PNI_modified = 0.11) and special recreation activities (PNI_modified = 0.05). The recreation program developed based on the APIE process demonstrated the highest overall quality ( = 4.92, S.D. = 0.29). After the implementation, both the experimental group (t = 5.918, p < .001) and the expansion group (t = 7.707, p < .001) showed significantly higher assertive behavior scores than before participating in the program. These findings indicate that the developed recreation program was effective in promoting assertive behavior among lower secondary school students.

THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES, AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON INTENTION TO STAY OF GENERATION Z PERSONNEL IN MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE

2026-07-02T11:07:06+07:00

This quantitative research article aimed to 1) Examine the levels of organizational culture, human resource practices, work-life balance, and intention to stay of Generation Z personnel in Ministry of Public Health agencies, Chiang Mai Province; and 2) Analyze the influence of these factors on intention to stay. The sample consisted of 300 personnel born between 1997 and 2007 who were working in regional hospitals, general hospitals, district public health offices, and sub-district health promoting hospitals in Chiang Mai Province, covering civil servants, Ministry of Public Health employees, wage employees, and service contractors. They were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that 1) Generation Z personnel rated all four variables at a high level: organizational culture ( = 4.18, S.D. = 0.49), human resource practices ( = 4.07, S.D. = 0.54), intention to stay ( = 4.03, S.D. = 0.71), and work-life balance ( = 3.74, S.D. = 0.79); and 2) Organizational culture, human resource practices, and work-life balance had statistically significant positive influences on intention to stay at p < 0.01 (R = 0.718, R² = 0.516, Adj. R² = 0.511), with human resource practices exerting the greatest influence (β = 0.407), followed by work-life balance (β = 0.259) and organizational culture (β = 0.163). Public health agencies should therefore review compensation and benefits, introduce flexible shift scheduling, reduce overtime, and design clear career paths for personnel of all employment types.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INCREASING THE VALUE OF PLANT-BASED PRESERVED MANGO SOUVENIRS FOR THE ELDERLY IN PA MAMUANG SUBDISTRICT, MUEANG TAK DISTRICT, TAK PROVINCE

2026-06-24T17:15:05+07:00

This qualitative research aimed to 1) Examine elderly participation in sustainable tourism development through the development of souvenir products in Pa Mamuang Subdistrict, Mueang Tak District, Tak Province, and 2) Propose guidelines for sustainable tourism development through value-added souvenir products for older adults in the study area. The study employed in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 55 older adults from the Pa Mamuang Elderly Development and Occupational Promotion Center. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The findings revealed that: 1) older adults recognized the importance of utilizing local wisdom and community resources and actively participated in developing souvenir products that reflected local identity and generated added value. The selected product, Som Lim, a traditional preserved mango confectionery, demonstrated strong commercial potential. Participants collaboratively redesigned the product and its packaging to improve visual appeal, portability, convenience, and suitability for tourists’ preferences. 2) Guidelines for sustainable tourism development through value-added souvenir products should emphasize the seven elements of the marketing mix (7Ps): product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process. These elements strengthen product competitiveness and enhance market opportunities. The findings indicate that the participation of the elderly in souvenir product development can generate income, preserve local wisdom, strengthen community identity, and support sustainable community tourism. The study also proposes a new knowledge model for souvenir product development through elderly participation, which integrates local cultural capital, elderly participation, value-added product development, and sustainable tourism development.

A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP MODEL OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN MOBILE COMMERCE

2026-06-27T16:02:51+07:00

This study aimed to 1) Examine consumers’ perceptions of service quality, satisfaction, perceived value, and trust influencing customer loyalty in mobile commerce; 2) Examine the fit of a causal relationship model of factors influencing customer loyalty in mobile commerce; and 3) Investigate the direct effect of service quality and the indirect effects of satisfaction, perceived value, and trust on customer loyalty in mobile commerce. This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 795 consumers in Thailand who had previously purchased products or services through mobile commerce. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique combined with convenience sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that consumers reported high levels of perceived service quality, satisfaction, perceived value, trust, and customer loyalty. The proposed model explained 72.40% of the variance in customer loyalty. Service quality had significant positive effects on satisfaction, perceived value, trust, and customer loyalty. Furthermore, satisfaction, perceived value, and trust served as mediating variables in the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, with perceived value exhibiting the strongest mediating effect, followed by trust and satisfaction. The findings suggest that improving service quality while simultaneously enhancing customers’ perceived value, trust, and satisfaction can strengthen customer loyalty and improve the competitiveness of mobile commerce businesses.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODEL FOR SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS UNDER THE SURAT THANI PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

2026-07-12T22:17:26+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Investigate the development guidelines for transformational leadership among school administrators, 2) Develop and validate a transformational leadership development model, and 3) Evaluate the developed model. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 examined the current and desirable conditions, priority needs, and development guidelines using questionnaires administered to 100 school directors and deputy directors under the Surat Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office, selected through purposive sampling, together with interviews with five experts selected based on their qualifications and administrative experience. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the Priority Needs Index (PNI), and content analysis. Phase 2 involved developing and validating the model through a focus group discussion with six purposively selected experts. Phase 3 evaluated the model using data collected from 66 school administrators and educational personnel selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings indicated that the overall current condition of transformational leadership was at a moderate level, whereas the desirable condition was at the highest level. Leadership skills represented the highest priority need. The developed model comprised six components: principles, objectives, development content, implementation guidelines, evaluation, and success conditions. The evaluation results showed that the model achieved the highest levels of feasibility ( = 4.66, S.D. = 0.52) and utility ( = 4.72, S.D. = 0.48). The findings indicate that the model integrates priority needs assessment with a systematic development framework, aligns with the context of schools under the Surat Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office, and can be effectively applied as a framework for developing transformational leadership among school administrators.

EVALUATION OF SOCIAL OUTCOMES AND RETURNS FROM INVESTMENT IN THE STRONG NETWORK PROJECT, SMOKE-FREE COMMUNITIES, RISK-FREE MULTICULTURAL AREAS IN THE SOUTH

2026-06-23T23:38:54+07:00

This research aims to 1) Study the context, enabling factors, and cooperation mechanisms; 2) Evaluate social outcomes and calculate social returns; and 3) Provide policy recommendations and guidelines for sustainable project development. A mixed-methods research approach was used. Quantitatively, a sample size of 334 people was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula, stratified random sampling, and systematic proportional sampling. The instrument was a questionnaire, and data was analyzed using the mean (X) and standard deviation (S.D.). Qualitatively, 50 key informants were selected using purposive sampling, and data was collected through in-depth interviews, analyzed using thematic content analysis. The research findings revealed that 1) the context and network mechanisms utilize social capital as a crucial foundation for driving community well-being; and 2) the evaluation of social return on investment (SROI) showed that the project was socially worthwhile, with a SROI ratio of 1:1.5. Considering the three social outcomes, the environment generated the highest social value, stemming from the reduction of risk factors in well-being areas. This was followed by the social aspect, highlighting participation and strong network building. The economic aspect generated the lowest social value, reflecting limitations in transformation. The conversion of smoking cessation into monetary value or supplementary income is a key consideration. Criticisms highlight that environmental and social success stems from an understanding of the multicultural context that fosters strong collaboration. Government and stakeholders should therefore utilize this social valuation assessment as a framework for improving future activities, implementing proactive measures, and focusing on transforming tobacco expenditure reduction into household savings systems. This should be coupled with support for creative economy systems within communities to enhance Social Responsibility and create model communities for other areas.

A STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR AND PATTERNS OF WORKPLACE BULLYING OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PETROCHEMICAL CHEMICAL AND OIL REFINERY INDUSTRIES IN RAYONG PROVINCE

2026-06-07T14:05:30+07:00

This research article aims to: 1) Study the behaviors and patterns of workplace bullying; 2) Compare differences in these patterns; and 3) Analyze the relationships between different patterns of workplace bullying. The study population consists of 12,059 employees in the petrochemical, chemical, and oil refinery industries, from which a sample of 400 respondents was selected. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, and data were analyzed using statistical methods including percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation coefficients. The research findings revealed that: 1) The majority of employees in these industries are male, possess 1 - 5 years of work experience, and hold operational positions. While most reported never having bullied anyone, a portion of the respondents had experienced bullying; 2) The overall level of perception regarding workplace bullying among employees was high; 3) Comparing the mean levels of perception regarding workplace bullying patterns by gender revealed that perceptions of cyberbullying differed significantly at the .05 statistical level. Furthermore, comparisons based on work experience and job position showed that perceptions of specific bullying patterns-namely verbal and social bullying-differed significantly at the .05 level, both overall and in specific aspects. Consequently, the researchers conducted pairwise post-hoc comparisons using the Scheffé method; and 4) There were relationships between variables related to workplace bullying among employees. The strongest relationship was found between verbal bullying and social bullying, with a correlation coefficient of .730.

A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR DEVELOPING SCHOOL EXCELLENCE AT SRINAKHARINWIROT UNIVERSITY PRASARNMIT DEMONSTRATION SCHOOL (ELEMENTARY DIVISION)

2026-07-09T14:08:26+07:00

The objectives of this research were 1) To study the organizational excellence of Srinakharinwirot University Prasarnmit Demonstration School (Elementary), and 2) To develop a strategic management model to steer the school toward excellence. The research was divided into two phases. Phase 1 focused on studying the foundational data of educational institution excellence by synthesizing relevant documents and research, followed by a focus group discussion with 10 experts. Additionally, the current states, needs, and expectations were examined through purposive sampling of 40 key informants, comprising 10 personnel, 10 parents, 10 students, and 10 alumni, using semi-structured interview guidelines. The data were analyzed using inductive analysis. Phase 2 involved the development of the strategic management model by 9 experts and the validation of the model by a panel of 15 experts. The research instruments included focus group discussions and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The research findings revealed that 1) The school’s excellence consists of four components: administrative quality, systematic operation, sustainable organizational development, and quality student outcomes. Stakeholders placed significant emphasis on technology integration, participatory management, data-driven systems, and learning innovation development. 2)The developed model, utilizing the principles of the “SMARTL MODEL,” comprises six components: systematic operation, holistic management, sustainable organizational development, rationalization, teamwork, and high-quality learners. The core implementation stages include environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategic evaluation. The expert evaluation indicated that the model possesses a high level of appropriateness (MEAN = 4.46, S.D. = 0.57) and a high level of consistency (MEAN = 4.45, S.D. = 0.63), demonstrating its viability for developing educational institutions toward excellence.

DEVELOPING THE JURIDICAL METHOD OF JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JUDGES IN APPLYING DIVERSIONARY MEASURES UNDER SECTION 132: A NEUROLAW APPROACH TO OBJECTIVE DIAGNOSIS (A CASE STUDY OF SUPREME COURT DECISION NO. 1688/2568)

2026-06-20T16:55:38+07:00

This research article has three objectives: 1) To examine the legal conceptual framework of diversionary measures under Section 132 of the Juvenile and Family Court and Procedure Act, B.E. 2553 (2010), the Supreme Court President’s Regulation B.E. 2556 (2013), and the juridical method in Supreme Court Decision No. 1688/2568; 2) To analyze the proportionality between the cause of the offense diagnosed by the Supreme Court and the measures imposed, under Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory and Executive Function (EF); 3) To propose a “Developmentally Informed Juridical Method” grounded in the Objective Diagnostic Approach. The study found: 1) The legal conceptual framework of Section 132 rests on four philosophies (Welfare Model, Parens Patriae, Restorative Justice, and Diversion Principle) but lacks developmental-stage indicators and the epigenetic principle; the Supreme Court held that “other places” under Section 132, paragraph two, did not include training centres, aligning with the diversion principle. 2) The diagnosis that the defendant acted out of curiosity and ignorance about sex constituted a subjective-moralistic, not objective-scientific, diagnosis, and the imposed measures (reporting, prohibitions on narcotics and alcohol) failed to address the cause the court itself identified. and 3) The author proposes a “Developmentally Informed Juridical Method” integrating Erikson’s theory and EF as objective diagnostic instruments, opening Neurolaw in Thai juvenile courts-by shifting the paradigm toward objective diagnosis analogous to a physician’s medical diagnosis based on pathology, enabling measures to correctly address the cause on empirical grounds, in accordance with “a correct diagnosis leads to a correct treatment.”

CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTANTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE THAT AFFECT THE SUCCESS OF WORK IN ESTABLISHMENTS IN RATCHABURI PROVINCE

2026-06-27T15:54:09+07:00

The research entitled “Characteristics of Accountants in the Digital Age Affecting Work Performance Success in Enterprises in Ratchaburi Province” aimed to: 1) Study personal factors, enterprise information, and characteristics of accountants in the digital age affecting work performance success in enterprises in Ratchaburi Province; 2) Analyze the characteristics of accountants in the digital age influencing the work performance success of accountants in enterprises in Ratchaburi Province; and 3) Propose guidelines for developing characteristics of accountants in the digital age that can enhance work performance success of enterprises in Ratchaburi Province. This research was quantitative survey research. The sample consisted of 350 accountants working in enterprises in Ratchaburi Province. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling covering all 10 districts of Ratchaburi Province, followed by simple random sampling within each stratum. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection with a reliability coefficient of 0.975. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The research findings revealed that the overall levels of the characteristics of accountants in the digital age and work performance were high ( = 3.90). Among the characteristics of accountants in the digital age, professional ethics and morality had the highest mean score ( = 4.30). Regarding work performance, value creation for enterprises had the highest mean score ( = 4.13). In addition, all dimensions of the characteristics of accountants in the digital age were positively correlated with work performance at the .01 level of statistical significance. The development of new knowledge and skills had the greatest influence on work performance.

THE DYNAMICS OF USE AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE SANEHANUSORN ROAD AREA FOR TOURISM

2026-07-04T10:33:58+07:00

This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of spatial use and the production of space for tourism in the Sanehanusorn Road area, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. A qualitative research methodology was employed. Data were collected through document analysis, field observation, and in-depth interviews with 30 key informants who had at least five years of experience related to the area. The informants were selected using snowball sampling and included representatives from government agencies, business operators, community leaders, and local residents. The data were analyzed using content analysis and interpretive analysis within the framework of Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space. Data credibility was ensured through triangulation. The findings revealed that the dynamics of spatial use and the production of space in the Sanehanusorn Road area could be classified into three significant periods: 1) The Railway-Led Urban Formation Era (before 1972), during which the area was shaped by everyday life, mobility, commercial activities, and social interactions, gradually developing into a space of everyday practices; 2) The Entertainment Era (1972 - 1997), during which the area was shaped by urban development policies, urban planning, and investments from both the public and private sectors, transforming it into a major economic, service-business, and tourism hub of Hat Yai; and 3) The walking Street Era (1998 - 2025), during which the area was redefined through cultural tourism, creative activities, multi-stakeholder participation, and communication via social media. The findings demonstrate that urban space is not merely a physical structure but a social product resulting from interactions among government agencies, businesses, local communities, and tourists. Through these interactions, various actors continuously negotiate meanings, reshape patterns of spatial use, and construct new identities based on cultural capital within the context of a border city.

COMMUNITY HEALTH INNOVATIONS UNDER PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DECENTRALIZATION: A SUCCESS CASE STUDY OF SHPH TRANSFER TO TRANG PAO

2026-07-02T11:28:04+07:00

The purpose of this study was to: 1) To study types and patterns of community health innovations in Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals (SHPHs) under Trang Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) and 2) To analyze success factors of those innovations. Qualitative case study design was employed. Informants consisted of 90 SHPH directors and health personnel in SHPHs transferred to Trang PAO, selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview guide which was submitted to three experts for content validity before data collection. Focus group discussions were conducted in subgroups of 3 participants, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that community health innovation could be categorized into four groups: chronic disease innovation, proactive rehabilitation innovation, alternative medicine and local wisdom innovation, and active aging management innovation. Among the innovations, “3 Flavors, 3 Auspicious Times” was internationally recognized for successfully reducing sodium intake through culturally familiar flavor adjustments. “21-Day Model,” which achieved 60% improvement in blood test results of stage-3 chronic kidney disease patients in six months using structured habit-formation principles. The success factors were combined in the ERS Model, comprising three interconnected factors: developing innovations based on a profound understanding of local behavioral contexts (Empathy-Driven Innovation), creating low-cost solutions with local resources (Resourceful Design), and creatively managing work within local fiscal and regulatory systems (System Mastery). We found that budgetary flexibility and adaptable performance indicators under PAO governance were crucial enabling conditions that sustained these grassroots innovations over time. This means that the decentralization of health services to local administrative organizations creates a structural condition that is favorable to grassroots innovation, as long as health personnel are both creative and administratively competent in the new governance structure. These insights have practical implications for policy makers seeking to strengthen primary health care systems through evidence-based local innovation.

ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR UNDER THE PRINCIPLES OF SUFFICIENCY IN THE ELDERLY: MEANING COMPONENTS AND GUIDELINES FOR PROMOTING ATTITUDES TOWARD THE BEHAVIOR

2026-06-27T16:05:26+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Study the meaning of online shopping behavior under the principles of sufficiency in the elderly, 2) Study the components of online shopping behavior under the principles of sufficiency in the elderly, and 3) Study guidelines for promoting attitudes toward online shopping behavior under the principles of sufficiency in the elderly. The research employed a qualitative research methodology together with document analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 informants, consisting of 12 elderly persons aged
60 years and over who had experience in online shopping and passed the screening criteria for online shopping behavior under the principles of sufficiency using a screening questionnaire developed by the researcher, and 12 persons close to the key informants. The informants were selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using semantic content analysis. The findings revealed that online shopping behavior under the principles of sufficiency in the elderly consisted of three components: moderation in online shopping behavior, reasonableness in online shopping behavior, and self-immunity in online shopping behavior. In addition, the guidelines for promoting attitudes toward such behavior were classified into three dimensions according to the components of attitudes. The cognitive dimension consisted of assessing necessity and utility, and analyzing and comparing information. The affective dimension consisted of satisfaction with appropriate consumption, a sense of security, and reducing anxiety related to online shopping. The behavioral dimension consisted of verification and self-immunity building, behavioral self-regulation based on self-established criteria, and learning through family members or significant others. The findings can be applied as guidelines for developing measurement instruments and programs to promote online shopping behavior under the principles of sufficiency among the elderly.

DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR CORE COMPETENCIES IN THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF PERSONNEL AT NONG KRATHUM SUBDISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, MUEANG DISTRICT, NAKHON RATCHASIMA PROVINCE

2026-07-16T15:34:15+07:00

This research article aimed to study the needs assessment and development guidelines for the core competencies of personnel at Nong Krathum Subdistrict Municipality. This was a research and development study, consisting of the following steps: 1) Conducting a needs assessment with a population of 63 participants, and 2) Developing and evaluating development guidelines by 9 experts. The research instruments included a questionnaire, a focus group discussion record form, and a development guidelines evaluation form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI modified), and content analysis. The results revealed that: 1) The overall actual condition of core competencies was at a high level ( = 4.18, S.D. = 0.53), while the overall expected condition was at the highest level ( = 4.75, S.D. = 0.48), reflecting competency gaps requiring development across all areas. Based on the PNI modified analysis, the priority needs for development, ranked from highest to lowest, were as follows: Achievement Orientation, Organizational and Work Systems Understanding, Integrity and Ethical Commitment, Teamwork, and Service Excellence. and 2) The researcher selected the three competencies with the highest priority needs to develop into three development guidelines: 1) Proactive Performance Management through Digital Technology and Achievement-Oriented Innovation, 2) Strengthening a Learning Organization and Cross-Functional Smart System Integration, and 3) Cultivating an Organizational Culture of Integrity toward Enhanced Good Governance based on Ethical and Transparency Standards. Each development guideline comprised objectives, development methods, and evaluation procedures. The expert evaluation found that all three development guidelines were rated as highly appropriate ( = 4.63, S.D. = 0.30) and highly feasible ( = 4.44, S.D. = 0.37).

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION INNOVATION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND TRANSMISSION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AND THE PERFORMANCE VALUES OF RAMTHON NOKPHITHID

2026-06-25T21:22:33+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) Investigate the historical background and performance characteristics of Ram Thon Nok Phithit; 2) Develop a digital communication innovation for preserving and transmitting the cultural heritage and artistic values of Ram Thon Nok Phithit; and 3) Evaluate
the effectiveness of the developed digital communication innovation. This study employed a mixed-methods research design. The qualitative phase involved purposive sampling and consisted of in-depth interviews with 30 key informants, including community leaders, local wisdom experts, government officials, and residents of Krung Ching Subdistrict. In addition, a focus group discussion was conducted with 10 participants, including community leaders, local wisdom experts, and government officials. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The quantitative phase included an evaluation of the innovation's effectiveness by five experts, as well as satisfaction and performance value assessments administered to a sample of 400 participants. The research instruments were validated using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC). Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that: 1) Ram Thon Nok Phithit is a traditional folk performing art that reflects the local identity, way of life, and indigenous wisdom of the community; 2) The digital communication innovation was developed as a web application integrated with Augmented Reality (AR) technology to serve as a medium for disseminating cultural knowledge; and 3) The innovation was evaluated as having the highest level of effectiveness. User satisfaction with the innovation's usability and outcomes was also rated at the highest level. Furthermore, the evaluation of the artistic and cultural values, as well as the preservation and transmission of Ram Thon Nok Phithit, was rated at the highest level. These findings demonstrate that the AR-based digital communication innovation effectively promotes learning, cultural preservation, and the transmission of cultural heritage.

IMPROVING OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS IN CHIANGMAI PROVINCE

2026-07-04T10:30:38+07:00

Correctional officers play a pivotal role in the final stage of the criminal justice process, bearing responsibility for both rehabilitating inmates and maintaining institutional order under persistent resource constraints. This research aimed to 1) Examine the levels of operational efficiency, work-related factors, and the working environment; 2) Investigate the factors influencing operational efficiency; and 3) Propose strategies for enhancing the operational efficiency of correctional officers in Chiang Mai Province. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 206 operating correctional officers across four correctional units through proportional stratified random sampling, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 8 purposively selected key informants (two per unit) who held a senior professional-level position or higher with at least five years of service. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis, and thematic content analysis. The results revealed that 1) Operational efficiency ( = 4.19) and work-related factors ( = 3.80), including all individual dimensions, were rated at a high level, whereas the overall working environment ( = 3.45) was rated at a moderate level, particularly regarding physical conditions and working time; 2) Work-related factors and the working environment jointly predicted operational efficiency at 44 percent with statistical significance at the .01 level, with recognition (β = .458) and organizational policies, regulations, and administrative management (β = .274) exerting significant positive effects; and 3) Strategies for enhancing operational efficiency include strengthening teamwork and welfare, supporting career advancement, decentralizing decision-making authority, implementing One Stop Service coordination, adopting modern technologies and equipment, and ensuring the safety of buildings and facilities. The findings suggest that improving correctional officers’ operational efficiency in Chiang Mai Province requires cultivating an organizational culture of recognition alongside the systematic and transparent development of modern administrative policies and governance mechanisms.

FACTOR ANAYZING OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE RUBBERWOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

2026-07-02T10:34:30+07:00

Supply chain management is a crucial mechanism for enhancing the operational efficiency of the rubberwood processing industry. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) Investigate and develop the components of supply chain management in the rubberwood processing industry, and 2) Examine the goodness-of-fit of the proposed supply chain management component model with empirical data. A quantitative research approach was employed. The sample consisted of 400 business executives from rubberwood processing enterprises in southern Thailand, selected using purposive and convenience sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire with an Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranging from 0.66 to 1.00 and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .994, indicating excellent content validity and reliability. Data were collected from rubberwood processing companies in southern Thailand and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the consistency of the proposed model with empirical data. The results showed that: 1) Supply chain management in the rubberwood processing industry in Southern Thailand comprises five key components, namely: 1.1) Sourcing, 1.2) Delivery, 1.3) Planning, 1.4) Production, and 1.5) Returns, represented by a total of 20 observed variables; and 2) The proposed model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data, with goodness-of-fit indices of χ² = 107.402, df = 89, p = .090, χ²/df = 1.207, GFI = .975, CFI = .998, and RMSEA = .023. All fit indices satisfied the established criteria, indicating that the proposed components appropriately explain the structure of supply chain management in the rubberwood processing industry.

DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SOURCES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR CREATIVE MEDIA PRODUCTION AMONG COMMUNICATION ARTS STUDENTS

2026-07-09T14:04:16+07:00

This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Sources of Artificial Intelligence Self-Efficacy for Creative Media Production Scale among communication arts students. The sample consisted of 497 students selected through cluster sampling. The research instrument was the Sources of Artificial Intelligence Self-Efficacy for Creative Media Production Scale. Data were analyzed using reliability analysis, validity analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results indicated that the scale demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. The first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the measurement model fit the empirical data well (χ² = 324.75, df = 151, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .03), with standardized factor loadings ranging from .56 to .85. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis also demonstrated a good model fit (χ² = 356, df = 160, CFI = .96, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .03), with second-order standardized factor loadings ranging from .81 to .95. In addition, the scale demonstrated adequate convergent validity, with average variance extracted (AVE) values ranging from .50 to .64, and satisfactory discriminant validity, with heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT) values ranging from .63 to .87. The overall scale exhibited high internal consistency reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .94 and composite reliability (CR) values ranging from .80 to .84. These findings indicate that the scale possesses satisfactory validity and reliability and is suitable for assessing the sources of artificial intelligence self-efficacy for creative media production among communication arts students.

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MANAGERMENT USING STEAM4INNOVATOR CURRICULUM TO DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AND INNOVATIVE CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS OF GRADE 8 STUDENTS

2026-07-09T14:10:25+07:00

This research article aimed to 1) Develop a learning management approach using problem-based learning in conjunction with the STEAM4INNOVATOR curriculum; 2) Study problem-solving thinking skills; 3) Study innovative creative thinking skills; 4) Study reflective thinking outcomes; and 5) Study the learning achievement of students who received the aforementioned learning management approach. The sample consisted of 110 Grade 8 students. The research instruments included lesson plans based on problem-based learning in conjunction with the STEAM4INNOVATOR curriculum, a problem-solving thinking skills assessment form, an innovative creative thinking skills assessment form, a learning achievement test, and a reflective thinking questionnaire. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. The research findings revealed that the learning management approach using problem-based learning in conjunction with the STEAM4INNOVATOR curriculum for developing problem-solving thinking skills and innovative creative thinking skills was of very good quality, with an overall mean score of 3.71 ± 0.26. Students’ problem-solving thinking skills and innovative creative thinking skills continuously improved. Students were satisfied and demonstrated positive learning experiences, particularly in analytical thinking, problem solving, teamwork, and connecting knowledge to real-life situations. In addition, students’ post-learning achievement scores were significantly higher than their pre-learning achievement scores in both learning units. In the learning unit on solid waste, the mean score increased from 6.05 ± 2.40 to 7.08 ± 2.54, while in the learning unit on pollution, the mean score increased from 4.61 ± 2.39 to 7.69 ± 1.86. These findings indicate that problem-based learning in conjunction with the STEAM4INNOVATOR curriculum can effectively promote students’ learning competencies and innovative creativity.

A SYNTHESIS OF COMPONENTS AND INDICATORS OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES FOR FUTURE-ORIENTED EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS

2026-07-06T10:42:10+07:00

This academic article aims to 1) Synthesize the components of future-oriented early childhood teachers’ learning management competencies based on relevant documents, concepts, theories, and research studies; 2) Identify indicators for each competency component through content synthesis; and 3) Propose approaches for enhancing early childhood teachers’ learning management competencies to support sustainable teacher quality development and early childhood education. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), combined with Content Analysis and Thematic Categorization, to synthesize key findings from academic sources. The results revealed that the learning management competencies of future-oriented early childhood teachers consist of seven core competency domains, which can be synthesized into four major components: 1) Knowledge, 2) Skills, 3) Attributes, and 4) Integrated Competency. Systematic indicators were developed for each component, encompassing professional knowledge, learning experience management skills, digital technology integration, critical thinking, innovation, communication, collaboration with relevant stakeholders, and professional ethics. Furthermore, five approaches for competency enhancement were synthesized: continuous professional development, the integration of technology for learning, practice-based learning, collaborative networking, and classroom action research. These approaches are intended to strengthen teachers’ knowledge, skills, attributes, and the integrated application of competencies in professional practice. The findings provide a conceptual framework for developing pre-service and in-service early childhood teacher education programs, establishing competency standards, and improving the quality of learning management in response to future global changes. In addition, the findings serve as an academic foundation for educational policy formulation, teacher development planning, and future research, ultimately contributing to the sustainable improvement of teacher quality, learner outcomes, and the overall quality of early childhood education.

AN INTEGRATED LEARNING MANAGEMENT APPROACH THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES FOR ENHANCING LEARNING OUTCOMES IN MARKETING EDUCATION

2026-06-24T11:17:50+07:00

This academic article aims to present an integrated learning management approach through community-based practical activities for enhancing learning outcomes in marketing education. The article synthesizes relevant concepts and theories, including community-based integration, experiential learning, active learning, and outcome-based education within the context of marketing education. It explains the design of learning activities that connect marketing knowledge, particularly the 4P marketing mix including product, price, place, and promotion with community participation in order to develop learners’ knowledge, skills, and competencies. The synthesis findings indicate that effective learning management should consist of four key components: integration, practice-based learning, reflective learning, and holistic assessment. These components promote critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, self-directed learning, and the application of knowledge in real-world situations. At the same time, they foster morality, ethics, public consciousness, and social responsibility. Furthermore, they enable learners to connect marketing knowledge with community contexts and stakeholders appropriately. Based on the synthesis, the author proposes the “Integrated Learning Management Model through Marketing Practical Activities” to bridge theoretical learning and practical implementation. The model aims to develop learners to embody “critical thinking, moral integrity, and achievement” while achieving the curriculum learning outcomes in marketing, including morality and ethics, strategic analysis and planning, digital technology utilization, stakeholder collaboration, and communication. Ultimately, the model contributes to marketing learning outcomes, work readiness, and the development of 21st century skills.

LEGAL STATUS AND PROTECTION OF TEMPLE PROPERTY: MANAGEMENT OF DONATIONS AND TEMPLE LAND

2026-06-18T22:33:59+07:00

This academic article on the legal status and protection of temple property, including the management of donations and temple land, aims to study and analyze the legal status and mechanisms for protecting temple assets. It utilizes relevant documents and legal provisions, focusing on the management of donations and temple land within the current Thai social and legal context. Although temples have legal personality under the Sangha Act, granting them legal rights and duties, they face multifaceted structural challenges. These include transparency issues, legal ambiguity, and the lack of an effective oversight system for donation management. Meanwhile, the protection of temple land is plagued by encroachment and illegal occupation, complex due to the strict Thai legal system prohibiting the transfer of ownership without a specific Act. While ministerial regulations and National Office of Buddhism currently govern these matters, enforcement and integration with relevant agencies lack stability. The management structure of temple assets largely remains monopolized by the abbot and temple treasurer. Reforms to religious governance laws should focus on financial transparency and community oversight to protect temple assets. Further recommendations include utilizing digital technology to create a central platform for publicly accessing and auditing temple asset accounts. In addition, a team of experts should be established to conduct on-site training on standard accounting practices for temple personnel, in order to create transparency and maintain lasting faith.

BUDDHISM AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPING THE MIND IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2026-06-12T11:25:13+07:00

This article, “Buddhism and Artificial Intelligence: Developing the Mind in the Digital Age,” aims to study and analyze the profound relationship between Buddhism and artificial intelligence in the context of mental development amidst the digital age. Currently, artificial intelligence plays a leading and driving role in human life. The speed and intelligence of these technologies, while providing extreme convenience, also accelerate the human mind’s susceptibility to anxiety, attachment, and the loss of self-awareness due to being drawn to virtual worlds and fleeting stimuli. Therefore, incorporating Buddhist principles to create balance is essential. Even with the evolution of artificial intelligence capable of mimicking intelligent logical thinking and processing, one thing it cannot access is the luminous mind and inner awareness-the source of loving-kindness, compassion, and liberation according to Buddhist teachings. The application of the Threefold Training (Tri-Sikha)-morality, concentration, and wisdom-is used as a shield and tool to elevate the minds of humans in the digital age, enabling them to understand the deceptive tactics of algorithms that manipulate desires. Developing the mind in the digital age does not mean rejecting advanced technology. Rather, it is about learning to use objects with a mind that transcends them, integrating Buddhist principles with the science of artificial intelligence, and realizing that the most excellent tool for ending suffering is not in any operating system, but in training one’s own mind to attain true wisdom, in order to live peacefully and sustainably in a rapidly changing technological world.