Development Economic Review https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER <p style="text-align: justify;">Development Economic Review (DER)&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Development Economic Review (DER) (formally named NIDA Economic Review) was published since 1996 by the Graduate School of Development Economics of National Institute of Development Administration. The Journal publishes original and high quality research papers that highlight the applications of both theoretical and empirical approaches in economics and public policy. Two issues are published a year in January and July.</p> en-US <p>Copyright to published manuscripts becomes the property of the Graduate School of Development Economics, National Institute of Development Administration. Reproduction of all or part of a Development Economic Review (DER) article by anyone, excluding author(s), is prohibited, unless receiving our permission.</p> <p>Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in articles published in this journal are those of the author (s) and do nto necessarily represent opinions of the Graduate School of Development Economics, National Institute of Development Administration. Trade and proprietary names are only for identification and not constitute our endorsement.</p> supreeya.sae@nida.ac.th (supreeya muangngam) supreeya.sae@nida.ac.th (supreeya muangnagm) Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Specialization and Concentration Pattern of Labor in the East Coast Southern Subregion and Some Empirical Effect on Economic Performance https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/283693 <p>This paper investigates patterns of the externalities related to regional and sectoral concentration in Southern Thailand. It focuses on the East Coast subregion and Nakhon Si Thammarat province. It also estimates how these externalities can enhance economic performance.</p> <p>Data for the paper need to be observed from 15 major sectors. Specialization and concentration index present by Location Quotient, Herfindahl index, and Krugman Dissimilation index. Panel data from 2001-2018 were used to assess for the estimation model.</p> <p>The results show that the service and trade sectors are important, as indicated by the average GPP, changes of GPP, average percentage change, and output per worker in both the province and subregion. The province exhibits a strong concentration in its industry and service/trade sectors, while the subregion is concentrated in the agricultural sector. These results reveal a relative consistency between the Location Quotient, Herfindahl index, and Krugman Dissimilation index. This model estimation presents the significance of capital and labor. However, the limitation of the data that we rely on spans only a short period may the changes in specialization and concentration limit the paper to make definitive about their effects. We suggest a more approach for future research that might involve using quasi-experimental methods or expanding the scope of dependent variables beyond GPP. The policymaker has to still investigate and classify each province and provincial cluster economy in terms of agglomeration economies and externalities in comprehensive all dimensions.</p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> kiatkajon chairat, Phatcharee Prasong, Arunya Jinachan Copyright (c) 2025 kiatkajon chairat, Phatcharee Prasong, Arunya Jinachan https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/283693 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Thailand’s Educational Inequality: Evidence from PISA Assessment in Mathematics https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/287480 <p>This study employs quantile regression to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on educational inequality in Thailand, utilizing the country's PISA mathematics scores from 2015, 2018, and 2022. It examines the determinants of student performance scores to reflect how the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated a shift from in-person to online learning, affected students at different performance levels. By doing so, it aims to elucidate the pandemic's influence on the learning gap among Thai students. The analysis reveals that socioeconomic status is a primary and persistent driver of low PISA mathematics achievement. The pandemic exacerbated pre-existing educational inequalities, primarily by widening the digital divide and disproportionately benefiting students with superior digital access. This intensified a persistent pattern of disparity tied to factors like school location and affiliation, which in turn necessitates targeted policy interventions to address these structural differences. Complementary Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition of outcome disparities between high- and low-achieving schools further confirms socio-economic status as a key driver of inequality and highlights the pandemic's role in widening digital divides. A considerable unexplained component suggests the potential influence of unmeasured heterogeneity, encompassing both inherently unquantifiable factors and the persistent effects of indirect discrimination as well as historical contexts.</p> Euamporn Phijaisanit, Suttisak Srinam-om Copyright (c) 2025 Euamporn Phijaisanit, Suttisak Srinam-om https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/287480 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700 Analyzing How ESG-Integrated Smart Beta Strategies Perform in the ASEAN Stock Market https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/281067 <p>This study investigates the performance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)-integrated smart beta strategies in the ASEAN stock market from 2015 to 2023. Amidst growing global interest in sustainable investment practices, this research aims to bridge the gap in knowledge concerning the efficacy of combining ESG criteria with smart beta strategies within the unique economic and regulatory landscapes of the ASEAN region. Utilizing data sourced from Bloomberg, the study employs a quantitative approach, comparing the risk-adjusted returns of ESG-integrated smart beta portfolios against traditional market capitalization-weighted indices. The findings indicate that ESG-integrated smart beta strategies generally enhance portfolio performance in terms of Sharpe ratios and reduce portfolio risk, as measured by standard deviation across several ASEAN markets. However, the effectiveness varies significantly across different markets and factors, highlighting the importance of tailored investment strategies that consider local market dynamics. This research contributes to the academic literature by offering new insights into the applicability of ESG and smart beta strategies in emerging markets, providing valuable implications for both institutional and retail investors aiming to optimize portfolio performance while adhering to sustainability standards.</p> Pariyada Sukcharoensin, Emelia Goh, Ronnachai Tiyarattanachai Copyright (c) 2025 Pariyada Sukcharoensin, Emelia Goh, Ronnachai Tiyarattanachai https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/281067 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700 ผลกระทบของการถือหุ้นโดยประธานเจ้าหน้าที่บริหารต่อผลการดำเนินงานของกิจการภายใต้สภาวะปกติและสภาวะวิกฤต https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/287612 <p>This study examines the relationship between CEO ownership and firm performance under both normal and crisis conditions. The research investigates 376 firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand during the period 2018–2022, dividing the analysis into two sub-periods: the normal period (2018–2019) and the COVID-19 crisis period (2020–2022). The findings indicate that, under normal conditions, only the proportion of CEO ownership has a statistically significant and positive effect on firm performance as measured by Tobin’s Q, while no significant effect is observed on accounting-based measures such as ROE and ROA. During the crisis period, the analysis further reveals that neither employee stock ownership plans (ESOP) nor CEO ownership exert any significant impact on firm performance, whether measured by accounting indicators or by market-based valuation.</p> Sorasart Sukcharoensin, Phanuphat Thaothaisong Copyright (c) 2025 Sorasart Sukcharoensin, Phanuphat Thaothaisong https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/287612 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700 พลวัตความเปราะบางของครัวเรือนไทยระหว่างปี 2556 - 2564 https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/287736 <p style="font-weight: 400;">บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อระบุปัญหาความเปราะบางของครัวเรือนไทยใน 9 มิติ โดยครอบคลุมความเปราะบางทางการเงินของครัวเรือน (เช่น การมีเงินออมต่ำ การมีหนี้เพื่ออุปโภคบริโภค การขาดแหล่งเงินกู้ในยามฉุกเฉิน) การขาดโอกาสทางการศึกษาของสมาชิกวัยเรียน รวมไปถึงภาวะพึ่งพิงของครัวเรือน ข้อมูลที่นำมาวิเคราะห์คือข้อมูลการสำรวจภาวะเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของครัวเรือนของสำนักงานสถิติแห่งชาติในช่วงปี 2556 – 2564 ข้อค้นพบที่สำคัญคือครัวเรือนไทยประมาณร้อยละ 50 มีความเปราะบางในระดับต่ำ (1 – 2 มิติ) ความเปราะบางที่พบมากเป็นสองอันดับแรกคือการออมของครัวเรือนต่ำและการมีหนี้อุปโภคบริโภคซึ่งสะท้อนถึงความไม่มั่นคงทางการเงินของครัวเรือน นอกจากนี้ ยังพบว่าภาวะพึ่งพิงระหว่างคนในครัวเรือนและคนจากภายนอกครัวเรือนในรูปเงินโอนเป็นความเปราะบางที่พบมากรองลงมาและมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นในช่วงปีที่ทำการศึกษา ในทางกลับกัน ความเปราะบางด้านการขาดโอกาสทางการศึกษาของเด็กวัยเรียนมีแนวโน้มลดลงอย่างชัดเจน ซึ่งสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงประสิทธิผลของนโยบายภาครัฐในการขยายโอกาสและการเข้าถึงบริการทางการศึกษาในระดับพื้นฐานอย่างทั่วถึง</p> Niramol Ariyaarpakamol, Suwimon Hengpatana, Meechai Orsuwan Copyright (c) 2025 Niramol Ariyaarpakamol, สุวิมล เฮงพัฒนา, มีชัย ออสุวรรณ https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/287736 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700 BOOK REVIEW Economic Consequences of Mr Trump: What the Trade War Means for the World https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/288838 <p>BOOK REVIEW<br />Economic Consequences of Mr Trump:<br />What the Trade War Means for the World.*<br />Philip Coggan</p> Nattapong Thongpakde Copyright (c) 2025 NATTAPONG THONGPAKDEE https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NER/article/view/288838 Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700