Is the use of emergency powers for a national security purpose in Hong Kong legitimate?
Keywords:
Hong Kong Government, Chinese Government, Covid-19, Emergency Decree, Political AssemblyAbstract
This article examines the legitimacy of the Chinese and Hong Kong goverment's exercises of emergency powers in three instances. These include resolving the demonstrators under the Public Order Ordinance, enacting legislation prohibiting protesters from covering their faces under the Emergency Regulations Ordinance and preventing mass gathering during the pandemic situation under the Prevention and Control of Disease Ordinance. The author provides the views on the legitimacy of each measure based on relevant theories governing the state's exercise of emergency power.
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2. Amnesty International. How not to Police a Protest: Unlawful use of Force by Hong Kong Police[Online]. 2019. Available from: https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA1 705762019ENGLISH.pdf [2020, July 2]
3. Zach Cole and Dean Napolitano. Hong Kong to invoke emergency powers to combat protesters[Online]. Nikkei Asian Review, 2019. Available from: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Hong-Kong-protests/Hong-Kong-to-invoke-emergency-powers-to-combat-protesters [2020, July 2]
4. ผู้จัดการออนไลน์. ฮ่องกงใช้อำนาจ กม.สถานการณ์ฉุกเฉิน หลังวิกฤตเผาทั่วเมือง ห้ามสวมหน้ากาก[ออนไลน์]. 5 ตุลาคม 2562. แหล่งที่มา: https://mgronline.com/china/detail/9620000095977 [3 กรกฎาคม 2563]
5. ไทยรัฐออนไลน์. ประท้วงฮ่องกงเดือดหนัก ม็อบปะทะตำรวจ จนท.ยิงกระสุนจริงครั้งแรก[ออนไลน์]. 25 สิงหาคม 2562. แหล่งที่มา: https://www.thairath.co.th/news/foreign/1645831 [2 กรกฎาคม 2563]
6. บีบีซีนิวส์. ประท้วงฮ่องกง : ตำรวจฮ่องกงยิงแก๊สน้ำตาสลายผู้ชุมนุมต่อต้านแผนการใช้ กม. ความมั่นคง[ออนไลน์]. 24 พฤษภาคม 2563. แหล่งที่มา: https://www.bbc.com/thai/international-52787382 [3 กรกฎาคม 2563]
7. News.gov.hk. No misuse of gathering ban: SJ[Online]. 2020. Available from: https://www.news.gov.hk/eng/2020/04/20200427/20200427_223306_610.html?type=ticker [2020, July 1]
8. Hongkong Watch. Outdated and Draconian: Hong Kong’s Public Order Ordinance [Online]. 2019. Available from: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58ecfa82e3df284d3a13dd41/t/5d25c0676c3cb30001e74f6b/1562755179422/hkw [2020, July 3]
9. Janice Brabyn, “The fundamental freedom of assembly and part 3 of the Public Order Ordinance”, Hong Kong L.J. 32 (2002): 271-312
10. Zach Cole and Dean Napolitano. Hong Kong to invoke emergency powers to combat protesters[Online]. Nikkei Asian Review, 2019. Available from: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Hong-Kong-protests/Hong-Kong-to-invoke-emergency-powers-to-combat-protesters [2020, July 2]
11. The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Press Releases. Government refutes unfounded claims on further relaxation for group gatherings[Online]. 2020. Available from: hhttps://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202005/20/P2020052000026.htm?fontSize=1 [2020, July 2]
12. Carl Schmitt and John P. McCormick, Legality and Legitimacy, trans. Jeffrey Seitzer (London: Duke University Press, 2004), pp. xiii-xliii.
13. Carl Schmitt, Political Theology Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, trans. George Schwah (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 5-15.
14. Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception, trans. Kevin Attel (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 1-31.
15. Simon Henderson. Freedom of Assembly Rights and the Public Order Ordinance[Online]. Hong Kong UPR Coalition, 2017. Available from: https://www.justicecentre.org.hk/framework/uploads/2018/11/HKUPR-Coalition-Fact-Sheet-Freedom-of-Assembly-Rights-and-Public-Order-Ordinance.pdf [2020, July 1]
16. David Dyzenhaus, The Constitution of Law, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 17-65.
17. Bruce Ackerman, “The Emergency Constitution,” The Yale Law Journal 113 (2004): 1029-1091.
18. Oren Gross and Fionnuala Ni Aolain, Law in Times of Crisis Emergency Powers in Theory and Practice, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 110-170.
19. Hong Kong Legislative Council, “Official Report of Proceedings Meeting of 15th November 1967,” 15 November 1967.
20. rthk.hk. Judge explains reason for not allowing injunction[Online]. 2019. Available from: https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1485021-20191008.htm?archive_date=2019-10-08 [2020, July 2]
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Published
2021-09-29
How to Cite
Imjairachand , R. (2021). Is the use of emergency powers for a national security purpose in Hong Kong legitimate?. Nitiparitat Journal, 1(3). retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NitiPariJ/article/view/250008
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