Dhammathas Academic Journal

Human Value Analysis in Albert Camus Philosophy

Nattiya Tantasook — 2026-06-23

This research aimed to: 1) study human values from a philosophical perspective, 2) examine the concept of human values in the philosophy of Albert Camus, and 3) analyze and synthesize human values in Albert Camus’ philosophy. This study employed documentary research by collecting data from both primary and secondary sources. The data were analyzed descriptively using an inductive approach. The researcher examined major works of Albert Camus, including The Stranger, A Happy Death, The Fall, and the philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus, in order to explain the concept of absurdity and human values.
The findings revealed that:
1. Human values in philosophy are related to freedom, responsibility, rationality, and moral choice, emphasizing that human beings are capable of creating meaning in life through awareness and personal decision-making.
2. Human values in Albert Camus’ philosophy are reflected through the concept of Absurdity, which arises from the conflict between humanity’s search for meaning and a world that cannot provide definite answers. Camus proposed that although life has no inherent meaning, human beings are still able to live with freedom, dignity, and self-created values.
3. The analysis of human values in Albert Camus’ perspective consisted of five major aspects: 1. absurdity as a condition guiding human life, 2. freedom to choose and create values, 3. resistance against absurdity, 4. human existence, and 5. the search for meaning in life. Camus viewed that human beings can create meaning through their choices, actions, and persistence amidst the uncertainty of the world. Therefore, accepting absurdity is not a surrender to life, but an awareness of human freedom and dignity in creating one’s own values.

Development of a Learning Activity Set Using the CIRC Technique to Improve the Reading and Spelling Skills of Prathomsuksa 1 Students

Arthittaya Prempree — 2026-06-24

The purposes of this research were: 1) to develop learning activity packages based on the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) instructional method to enhance students’ word reading and spelling skills, with an efficiency criterion of 80/80 and an effectiveness index of 0.50 or higher; 2) to compare students’ learning achievement in word reading and spelling before and after instruction; 3) to compare students’ word reading and spelling skills before and after instruction; and 4) to examine students’ satisfaction with the learning management. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The target group consisted of 15 first-grade students from Ban Mae Mok School during the first semester of the 2025 academic year, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) three sets of learning activity packages, 2) ten lesson plans, 3) a 20-item learning achievement test, 4) a 20-item word reading and spelling skills test, and 5) a 10-item student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, percentage, and standard deviation.
The results of the research found that:
1. The CIRC-based cooperative learning activity packages developed for Grade 1 student demonstrated an overall efficiency of 83.60 / 81.25 and an effectiveness index of 0.68, exceeding the prescribed standard.
2. Student’ post-instruction reading-achievement scores (µ = 17.60, σ = 1.24) were significantly higher than their pre-instruction scores (µ = 7.47, σ = 1.68).
3. Student’ reading-and-spelling skills after instruction (µ = 17.27, σ = 1.16) likewise surpassed their pre-instruction skills (µ = 8.40, σ = 1.24).
4. Learner satisfaction with the CIRC-based activities was rated at a high level (µ = 4.44, σ = 0.63). These results confirm that the cooperative CIRC technique is highly effective in enhancing first-grade student’ reading and spelling proficiency while fostering strong learner satisfaction.

Servant Leadership of School Administrators, Organizational Support and Teachers’ Creative Self-Efficacy Affecting Innovative Work Behavior of Teachers under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

On-in Pummarin — 2026-06-24

This research aimed to: 1) examine the levels of servant leadership of school administrators, organizational support, teachers’ creative self-efficacy, and innovative work behavior; 2) investigate the relationships among these variables; and 3) identify the predictive factors influencing teachers’ innovative work behavior under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The predictor variables included servant leadership of school administrators, organizational support, and teachers’ creative self-efficacy. This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of teachers working in schools under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 during the 2025 academic year. The research instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire with item-objective congruence (IOC) indices ranging from 0.60 to 1.00 and an overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.980. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
The findings revealed that:
1. Servant leadership of school administrators, organizational support, teachers’ creative self-efficacy, and teachers’ innovative work behavior were overall at a high level.
2. All variables were positively correlated at a high level, with statistical significance at the .01 level (r = 0.741–0.784).
3. Servant leadership of school administrators, organizational support, and teachers’ creative self-efficacy jointly predicted teachers’ innovative work behavior at 74.90 percent, with statistical significance at the .001 level. The findings suggest that school administrators should promote servant leadership alongside strengthening organizational support systems and enhancing teachers’ creative self-efficacy in order to foster innovative work behavior in educational settings more effectively.

Structural Relationships Among Tourism Planning, Tourism Safety, Service Standards and Management Effectiveness: A SEM Analysis in Bueng Kan Province

Phrakhrupalad Seksan Chommanee (Panyawutto) — 2026-06-25

This study aims to examine the influence of tourism planning, tourism safety, and service standards on tourism management effectiveness in Bueng Kan Province, and validate the structural equation model. A quantitative survey design was employed. The sample consisted of 400 tourists selected using stratified sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.94. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
The research findings revealed that: service standards had the strongest direct influence on management effectiveness (β = 0.49). Meanwhile, tourism planning exerted an indirect influence on management effectiveness through safety measures and service standards, with a total effect of 0.57. The proposed model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data (χ²/df = 1.122, GFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.017) and was able to explain 98% of the variance in management effectiveness. These findings indicate that sustainable tourism development requires the systematic integration of proactive tourism planning, safety management systems, and service standards in order to enhance management effectiveness and support long-term tourism sustainability.

Developing A Learning Model for Product Design by Using Design Thinking Techniques to Promote New Generation Entrepreneurial Skills

Yuboon Phaluehaspailin — 2026-06-25

The purposes of this study were to 1) develop a learning model for product design with design thinking techniques to promote new-generation entrepreneurial skills with Design Thinking, and 2) study the results of using a learning model for product design with design thinking techniques to promote new-generation entrepreneurial skills. The sample consisted of 29 undergraduate students in the academic year 2024, using a purposive selection method. The research instruments included a product design knowledge test, a learner behavior observation form, a learner productivity assessment form, and a new-generation entrepreneurial skills assessment form. Data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation. The t-test is used to test the difference in knowledge before and after learning.
The results of the research found that:
1. The developed learning model consisted of 5 components: (1) problem-solving learning goals with Design Thinking Process. (2) lesson content included Design Thinking Process, Technic and Tools, and Case study, (3) teaching strategies were: Active Learning, Workshop, and Design Thinking Process. (4) The 5-step learning activities were: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test & Iterate, and (5) evaluation.
2. The results of using the learning model showed that the learners' new entrepreneurial skills after using the learning model were significantly higher at a statistical level of .05, and KW#2 method had an efficiency value of 79.31/82.39.

Effects of Participatory Design Planning in Public Service Delivery on Students’ Skills in the Innovation in Public Governance and Administration Course, Master of Public Administration Program, A Private University

Piyakorn Whangmahaporn — 2026-06-25

This research aimed to: 1) examine students’ analytical thinking and creative thinking skills before and after the implementation of a public service participation plan; 2) evaluate the effects of the public service participation plan on the development of students’ teamwork and communication skills; and 3) investigate recommendations regarding the design and implementation of the public service participation plan. A mixed-methods research design was employed. For the quantitative phase, data were collected from 80 Master of Public Administration students enrolled in the Public Governance and Administration course during the 2024 academic year. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired-samples t-test. For the qualitative phase, data were collected from 30 key informants through observation and in-depth interviews and were analyzed using content analysis.
The findings revealed that: after participating in activities based on the public service participation plan, students demonstrated significantly higher levels of analytical thinking and creative thinking skills than before participation at the .05 level of statistical significance. The mean score for analytical thinking increased from 3.061 to 4.441 (t = -15.660), while the mean score for creative thinking increased from 2.672 to 4.813 (t = -17.315). In addition, students showed improvement in teamwork and communication skills. They were better able to exchange ideas, collaborate with others, and communicate more effectively. Furthermore, participants provided recommendations for improving the design and implementation of the participation plan to enhance learning effectiveness. The study concludes that the public service participation plan is an effective learning tool for promoting students’ thinking skills, collaborative skills, and self-directed learning. The findings are consistent with Buddhist principles emphasizing mutual support in collaborative work and rational thinking, which can be appropriately applied to the development of learning processes in the field of public administration.

Phra That Phra Bu: Local Wisdom and Beliefs in the Socio-Cultural Context of Isan Society

Phramaha Suphochok Dongsombat — 2026-06-25

This academic paper aims to explore the beliefs surrounding Phra That Phra Bu in the sociocultural context of Northeastern Thailand (Isan) using a qualitative research approach. This study employed qualitative research methods, including document analysis and fieldwork comprising interviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with a sample of 40individuals (both monks and laypersons). Participant observation was also conducted at the Phra That Phra Bu site.
The results of the research found that: Phra That Phra Bu: Local Wisdom and Beliefs in the Socio-Cultural Context of Isan Society (1) Phra Bu in the Isan context, (2) Phra Bu in the social context of Isan society, and (3) beliefs associated with Phra That Phra Bu in Isan. These beliefs are rooted in the specific locality of Phra That Phra Bu and reflect the cultural and social context of the Isan region, where evidence of Phra That Phra Bu has been historically present. Such beliefs manifest in various forms, including those related to Buddhism, the sacred relics (Sarira) of the Buddha, and supernatural elements. Whether in the cultural or social context of Isan, Phra That Phra Bu has always been an integral part of the community, passed down from generation to generation, and remains deeply embedded in the life of the local people.

An Evaluation of the Master’s degree in Education, Program in Educational Administration, Payap University by CIPP Model

Prapatsorn Somsathan — 2026-06-25

This research aimed to evaluate the Master of Education Program in Educational Administration (New Curriculum, 2021) at Payap University using the CIPP Evaluation Model, which consists of four dimensions: Context, Input, Process, and Product. The target groups included 8 program administrators and lecturers, 15 students enrolled in the 2021 academic year, 4 supervising instructors, 15 mentor administrators, 15 graduate employers and supervisors, and 15 graduates who completed the program in the 2022 academic year. The research instruments consisted of semi-structured interview forms, focus group discussion records, two curriculum evaluation questionnaires, and a graduate achievement survey. The first questionnaire assessed the context, input, and process dimensions, while the second assessed the product dimension. Both questionnaires employed a five-point rating scale with reliability coefficients of 0.94 and 0.87, respectively. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.
The findings revealed that: (1) the overall evaluation of the Master of Education Program in Educational Administration was at a high level (M = 4.25). When considered by dimension, the context, process, and input dimensions were also rated at a high level, with mean scores of 4.28, 4.26, and 4.21, respectively. (2) The evaluation of the product dimension showed an overall rating at the highest level (M = 4.72). All aspects of program outcomes were rated at the highest level, with mean scores ranging from 4.56 to 4.85. The three highest-rated outcomes were commitment to good governance and service-mindedness (M = 4.85), lifelong learning capability (M = 4.80), and adaptability (M = 4.79), respectively.

Patterns of Clean and Alternative Energy Utilization in Khlong Sam Subdistrict, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province

Natta Kertsup — 2026-06-26

This study aimed to: (1) examine clean and alternative energy sources suitable for reducing environmental pollution and lowering the operational costs of Khlong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization; (2) analyze the investment feasibility of implementing such energy sources; and (3) develop an appropriate clean and alternative energy utilization plan for Khlong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 399 residents in Khlong Sam Subdistrict using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Qualitative data were obtained from 30 key informants, comprising executives of Khlong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization, personnel involved in energy management, and community leaders or representatives. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used as research instruments, and qualitative data were analyzed through inductive interpretation.
The findings revealed that:
1. Solar energy was identified as the most suitable alternative energy source, followed by hydropower, wind energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy, respectively. Respondents demonstrated a high level of awareness regarding energy conservation and environmental protection (x̄ = 4.11, S.D. = 1.03), and perceived the Subdistrict Administrative Organization’s capacity for energy management to be at a high level (x̄ = 4.32, S.D. = 0.776).
2. Investment feasibility was also rated at a high level (x̄ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.823). Key approaches included the installation of solar photovoltaic systems, the promotion of collaboration among communities and relevant agencies, and implementation in accordance with government regulations.
3. The proposed clean and alternative energy utilization plan emphasized solar energy as the primary source. The plan consists of assessing local energy potential, developing supporting infrastructure, determining investment models, implementing pilot projects, and establishing a clean energy learning center. These measures are expected to enhance public participation, reduce energy expenditures, and support sustainable local development.

The Development on Digital Leadership Model of Administrator of Royal Irrigation

Yongyut Nuritmontree — 2026-06-26

The objectives of this research were to: 1) examine the components of digital leadership; 2) investigate the current conditions, desirable conditions, and priority needs for digital leadership development among administrators of the Royal Irrigation Department; and 3) develop a digital leadership development model for administrators of the Royal Irrigation Department. This study employed a mixed-methods research design. The sample consisted of 127 administrators under the Medium-Scale Water Resources Development Division, selected through multi-stage sampling. Key informants were administrators from Medium-Scale Irrigation Construction Offices 1-16, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included a dual-response questionnaire, a semi-structured interview form, and a model evaluation form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI _Modified), and content analysis.
The findings revealed that:
1. The digital leadership of administrators in the Royal Irrigation Department comprised five components: digital vision, systematic digital skills, professional data utilization, personnel capacity management, and the creation of a digital learning culture.
2. The overall current condition of digital leadership was at a high level, while the overall desirable condition was at the highest level.
3. The overall priority need for digital leadership development had a PNI Modified value of 0.294, with the highest priority needs being digital vision, the creation of a digital learning culture, and systematic digital skills, respectively
4. The developed digital leadership model consisted of five major components, including success indicators, success goals, development approaches, and implementation strategies. The evaluation results indicated that the model was appropriate, feasible, and useful for enhancing the digital leadership of administrators in the Royal Irrigation Department and could be adapted for organizational development in other contexts.

The Collaborative Process of Network Partnerships in Rabies Prevention and Stray Dog and Cat Management: A Case Study of a Proactive Community Outreach Program at Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage

Pakamat Leangthanarerk — 2026-06-26

This research article aims to: (1) examine the process of managing stray dogs and cats issues at the community level through the participatory roles of multi-sectoral network partners; and (2) examine the roles of network partners in participating in and driving projects related to the management of stray dogs and cats under the Green University initiative. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing documentary research, in-depth interviews, and participant observation. The key informants and project participants include: the education sector, the public sector, local residents, and nearby temples. Data are analyzed using the New Public Governance, along with the collection and categorization of relevant research documents, keyword classification, and descriptive analysis.
The results reveal that:
1. The proactive management of stray dogs and cats is carried out through a structured process that begins with an analysis of the problem context, followed by issue identification, project planning, stakeholder role allocation, implementation, and outcome evaluation.
2. The project is driven by multi-sector stakeholder collaboration, with the academic sector initiating the project in partnership with government agencies, while temples, community members, and university personnel support public outreach and participate in bringing stray dogs and cats into the management program.

Factors Influencing Money Mule Account Opening: A Qualitative Documentary Analysis through Deterrence Theory and General Strain Theory Frameworks

Narongwit Mahasirikul — 2026-06-26

This research was motivated by the concern that, despite the enactment of the Emergency Decree on Measures for the Prevention and Suppression of Technology Crime B.E. 2566 (2023), as amended by B.E. 2568 (2025), which imposes criminal penalties on individuals who open or permit others to use mule accounts, such offenses continue to occur. This situation reflects limitations in the effectiveness of legal enforcement. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the factors influencing money mule account opening at both the individual and structural levels; (2) to investigate legal issues relating to money mule accounts under the Civil and Commercial Code, the Penal Code, and the Emergency Decree on Measures for the Prevention and Suppression of Technology Crime B.E. 2566 (2023) and B.E. 2568 (2025); (3) to analyze the factors influencing money mule account opening in conjunction with the aforementioned legal issues; and (4) to propose appropriate measures for addressing the problem of money mule accounts. This study employed a qualitative documentary research methodology. Data were collected through a systematic review of relevant literature, statutory provisions, Supreme Court decisions, and criminal case statistics obtained from law enforcement agencies. The analysis was conducted within the theoretical frameworks of the Perceptual Deterrence Framework developed by Paternoster and Bachman and Agnew’s General Strain Theory.
The findings revealed that:
1. The gap between statutory penalties and offenders’ perceptions constitutes the primary mechanism explaining the failure of deterrence, as low arrest rates and punishment avoidance reduce the perceived certainty of punishment below the level required to produce a deterrent effect.
2. Economic vulnerability and limited opportunities diminish the perceived weight of long-term legal costs, while financial pressure encourages vulnerable individuals to accept legal risks in exchange for short-term economic benefits.
3. Institutional deficiencies in law enforcement remain a significant obstacle to legal effectiveness, indicating the need for real-time information-sharing systems between financial institutions and law enforcement agencies, expanded account-freezing measures, and increased investigative resources.
4. Section 9 of the Emergency Decree should be amended to incorporate a statutory definition of “money mule account” and to establish graduated penalties based on the offender’s level of intent and transaction value, alongside measures aimed at enhancing the certainty of law enforcement.

Development of Digital Technology Competency of Entrepreneurs in Roi Et Province by the Process of Participation of Local Government Organizations to Raise the Sustainable Community Economy

Benchawan Boontosang — 2026-06-27

This research aims to 1) to study the problems and needs of household economy and community economy. 2) to study the developing digital technology competencies of entrepreneurs 3) to study the use of digital technology competency in the occupations of entrepreneurs. This study used a qualitative research methodology, using participatory action research methodology and in-depth interviews. The research area is Roi Et Municipality. Key informants were selected as representatives of each group using specific methods, totaling 40 people include executives and personnel of Roi Et Municipality, community leaders, citizens and entrepreneurs. Data analysis using descriptive content analysis.
The results of the study:
1. The problems and needs of household economy and community economy included low income and debt, living expenses and consumer goods prices, and minimum wage and employment problems. Economic needs include promoting additional careers for local people, supporting funds for occupations. Providing knowledge and skills development for the people, providing markets for selling and distributing products, promoting tourism, reducing the cost of living, and promoting community products.
2. The developing digital technology competency of entrepreneurs in Roi Et Municipality includes Designing training activities to develop digital technology competencies of entrepreneurs in collaboration with Roi Et Municipality. Setting criteria for selecting entrepreneurs to participate in the project in collaboration with Roi Et Municipality. Selecting target groups according to the criteria in collaboration with Roi Et Municipality. Determining the training topics and setting the training date in collaboration with Roi Et Municipality. Training workshops according to the topics, date, time, and location specified, along with evaluating digital competencies for entrepreneurs in the Roi Et Municipality area.
3. The use of digital technology competence in the occupations of entrepreneurs in Roi Et Municipality. It was found that the use for creating careers, the use for further development of products and services, the use for generating income and self-reliance, the use for upgrading the community economy.

The Development on Instructional Leadership of the Administrator in Digital Era at secondary school in the Northeastern, Thailand

Phanathakan Nuritmontree — 2026-06-27

This research aimed to: 1) examine the components of digital-age instructional leadership of secondary school administrators; 2) investigate the current conditions, desirable conditions, and priority needs for the development of digital-age instructional leadership; and 3) develop a model for enhancing digital-age instructional leadership among secondary school administrators in Northeastern Thailand. The study employed a research and development approach using mixed methods. The population consisted of 1,866 school administrators and deputy directors for academic affairs from 285 secondary schools in Northeastern Thailand. The sample comprised 328 participants from 164 schools. Research instruments included a dual-response questionnaire, a semi-structured interview form, and in-depth interviews with experts for model validation. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the Priority Needs Index Modified (PNI _Modified), and content analysis.
The findings revealed that:
1. The components of digital-age instructional leadership among secondary school administrators consisted of five dimensions: digital vision, curriculum and instructional management through digital technology, utilization of digital technology for learning, digital learning culture, and inspiration toward a digital organization.
2. The overall current condition was at a high level, while the overall desirable condition was at the highest level. The overall priority need for developing digital-age instructional leadership showed a PNI _Modified value of 0.283. The highest priority need was the utilization of digital technology for learning, followed by digital vision and inspiration toward a digital organization.
3. The model for developing digital-age instructional leadership emphasized enhancing digital competencies, promoting learning innovation, establishing digital visions and goals, fostering professional learning communities, implementing systematic digital technology management, and cultivating motivation and a lifelong learning culture. These strategies contribute to strengthening the effectiveness and sustainability of instructional leadership in the digital era.

Synthesis of Components of School Quality Management

Patchayakorn Poonkate — 2026-06-27

This study aimed to synthesize the components of school quality management using a qualitative documentary research approach. A total of 15 academic documents and research studies published between 2017 and 2025 were analyzed using a document analysis record form and descriptive content analysis.
The findings revealed that: ten components of school quality management, comprising six core components (1) leadership and organizational direction, (2) strategic planning and management, (3) student and stakeholder focus, (4) personnel and organizational development, (5) process management and innovation, and (6) evaluation and quality improvement and four supporting components: (7) academic networks and collaboration, (8) technology and information for management, (9) ethics and social responsibility, and (10) community participation and place-based engagement. The synthesis generated a conceptual model entitled the Sustainable School Quality Management Model, which organizes the ten components into three interrelated dimensions: the internal organizational dimension, the process management dimension, and the external organizational dimension. The model is driven by quality leadership as the central element and the PDCA cycle as the mechanism for continuous improvement. Its distinctive feature lies in the integration of leadership, management processes, innovation, and community-based collaboration into a coherent framework. This model can be applied as a practical guide for school administrators in planning, developing, and enhancing school quality management systems toward long-term sustainability.