泰国大学生汉语动宾搭配产出能力的习得与发展规律研究 ——以泛义动词“做”为例

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caijun lin

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词语搭配是衡量词汇知识深度的一个重要指标。本文基于皇太后大学汉学院汉语师范专业两届学生连续三个学期的考试作文之静态语料,并结合动态调查,以常用的搭配丰富的泛义动词“做”为例,从搭配词词种、搭配词词频、搭配偏误三个维度对泰国大学生动宾搭配产出能力及发展情况进行了历时考察。研究发现,随着学习者学习阶段的提升,其动宾搭配产出能力与发展规律表现为:1)搭配词词种范围扩大,高频搭配词所占比重依次递减,但都存在过渡使用高频搭配的问题;2)搭配词中普及化词汇占绝对优势且呈明显递减趋势,中高级词汇有限并呈缓慢增长趋势;3)搭配词偏误率依次降低,偏误分布集中单一,明显以动词误用类搭配偏误为主;4)动宾搭配能力的阶段发展并不均衡,在各维度上存在回跌、基本持平与发展迅速等现象。上诉研究结论对于我们对泰大学生进行汉语动宾搭配教学具有一定的启示意义。

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