Factors of Toxic Workplace Environment and Perceived Organizational Support Affecting Work Success among Teachers in Thailand

Main Article Content

Tanawat hongsa

บทคัดย่อ

This study aimed to examine the toxic workplace environment, perceived organizational support, and work success among teachers. The sample consisted of 400 teachers from four regions of Thailand, selected through multistage random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had undergone validity testing, with item–objective congruence (IOC) values ranging from .67 to 1.00, meeting all evaluation criteria. The reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) for the toxic workplace environment, perceived organizational support, and work success scales were .94, .79, and .96, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.


The results revealed that most teachers perceived a moderate level of toxic workplace environment and organizational support, while their level of work success was low. The correlation analysis indicated that the toxic workplace environment had a statistically significant negative correlation with both perceived organizational support and work success, whereas perceived organizational support had a statistically significant positive correlation with work success. The results of the multiple regression analysis produced the following standardized regression equation for work success (Y):ZY​= − .23ZX1​ + .51ZX2 by perceived organizational support (X2) was found to be the most influential predictor of work success (β = .51, p < .001), followed by the toxic workplace environment (X1) (β = –.23, p < .001). The model explained 26.0% of the variance in work success. The findings suggest that fostering an organizational culture that values and supports personnel can enhance performance and work success among teachers in Thai educational institutions.

Article Details

ประเภทบทความ
บทความวิจัย

เอกสารอ้างอิง

Phaisri A. (2023). Professional teacher development and competency-based learning management. Bangkok: Office of the Education Council Secretariat.

Ahmed, S., Khan, M., & Ullah, T. (2024). Workplace trust and toxic organizational culture. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 19(1), 55–68.

Anjum, A., Ming, X., & Siddiqi, A. (2018). An empirical study of toxic workplace environment and its impact on organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(5), 30–45.

Best, J. W. (1977). Research in education (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Çelik, Ö. (2025). Teachers’ perceptions of toxic behaviors in schools and their effects on motivation. International Journal of Educational Management, 39(2), 115–129.

Chamberlain, L. J., & Hodson, R. (2010). Toxic work environments and organizational outcomes. Work and Occupations, 37(3), 241–270.

Durongkaveroj, P. (2022). Thailand education performance report: Trends in PISA and O-NET scores. Office of the Education Council.

Eisenberger, R., Malone, G. P., & Presson, W. D. (2020). Perceived organizational support and employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 30(3), 100702.

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191.

Gnecco, G., De Santis, A., & Costa, L. (2024). Digital natives and social interaction in workplaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 154, 107218.

Gould-Williams, J., & Davies, F. (2005). Using social exchange theory to predict employee attitudes: Public sector employment relationships in the United Kingdom. Public Administration, 83(3), 493–517.

Hongsa, T., & Polyong, C.P. (2024). Risk factors affecting stress and burnout among teachers: A cross-sectional study from Chonburi, Thailand. Journal of UOEH. 46(2). 203-213.

Hongsa, T., & Polyong, C.P. (2025). A Literature review on the components of a toxic work environment. Journal of Health Sciences and Pedagogy, 5(2), 1-14.

Hongsa, T., Futemwong, N., Harasarn, K., & Polyong PC. (2025). Generational differences and organizational toxic workplace among teachers in the Eastern Economic Corridor area of Thailand. Journal of UOEH, 46, In press.

Imran, M. Y., Elahi, N. S., Abid, G., & Ashfaq, F. (2020). Impact of perceived organizational support on work outcomes: A mediated analysis. Journal of Business Research, 118, 286–296.

Japanese Society of Toxicology. (2024). Annual report of human toxicology. Tokyo: JSTox Press.

Jarl, M., Andersson, E., & Blossing, U. (2021). Teacher work environment and school performance in comparative perspective. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(4), 597–614.

Joseph, M., & Mathew, R. (2025). Perceived organizational support and social connectedness among hybrid and remote workers. Journal of Workplace Behavior, 12(1), 44–57.

Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2015). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 41(4), 437–467.

Li, X. (2022). Perceived organizational support and employee work engagement: Evidence from educational institutions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 903545.

Mdhlalose, D. (2025). The outcomes of a toxic work environment on employee engagement. Journal of Management and Business Education, 8(1), 111–126.

Rasool, S. F., Samma, M., Wang, M., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Toxic workplace environments and employee mental health: The mediating role of job stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2188.

Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., & Samma, M. (2021b). How toxic workplace environment affects employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), Article 2294.

Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.

Tambunan, W., & Sudiarno, A. (2024). Toxic leadership and workplace collaboration: Evidence from Indonesian institutions. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 14–26.

Taştan, S. (2017). Toxic behaviors and organizational dysfunction: A behavioral perspective. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(5), 825–840.

Wang, Z., Xie, J., & Li, S. (2020). Exploring relationships between a toxic workplace environment, workplace stress, and project success: The moderating effect of organizational support. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 1055–1067.