Journal of Man and Society

บทวิจารณ์หนังสือ François Mauriac Revisited ชุด Twayne's World Authors Series

Thipprakorn Yuyong — 2024-06-28

เสมือนบทนำ

ฟร็องซัวส์ โมริยัค (François Mauriac) นักประพันธ์คาทอลิกชาวฝรั่งเศสเจ้าของรางวัลโนเบลสาขาวรรณกรรมปี ค.ศ. 1952 เป็นชาวฝรั่งเศสคนที่ 8 ที่ได้รับรางวัลในสาขานี้ ในหนังสือชื่อ Présence littéraire (1972) อ็องเดร เซอายย์ (André Séailles) ระบุข้อความตอนหนึ่งจากสุนทรพจน์สดุดีเมื่อครั้งประกาศรางวัลว่า งานประพันธ์ของฟร็องซัวส์ โมริยัค “วิเคราะห์จิตวิญญาณของมนุษย์อย่างลึกซึ้ง ตีความชีวิตมนุษย์ภายใต้รูปแบบของนวนิยายด้วยศิลปะการเขียนที่กระชับเข้มข้น” (อ้างถึงใน วัลยา วิวัฒน์ศร, 2541) หากศึกษาประวัติของโมริยัค เราจะพบว่า เขาคือผู้สร้างสรรค์ผลงานที่มีเรื่องราวเข้มข้นกินใจ ให้ความสำคัญต่อบริบทและข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับสถานที่ต่าง ๆ ในงานประพันธ์อย่างละเอียดลึกซึ้งตามขนบวรรณกรรมแนวสัจนิยม
เขาสร้างนวนิยายโดยอิงฉากส่วนใหญ่จากสถานที่จริงในแคว้นลองด์ (les Landes) และเมืองบอร์โดซ์ (Bordeaux) ประเทศฝรั่งเศส ซึ่งมีความเกี่ยวข้องกับชีวิตของเขาตั้งแต่เกิด เขาใช้ถิ่นกำเนิดของตนนำเสนอปัญหาความขัดแย้งในใจของตัวละครเกี่ยวกับความรักและศรัทธาในพระผู้เป็นเจ้า อาจกล่าวได้ว่า เขาเป็นนักเขียนนวนิยายแนวสัจนิยมผู้รังสรรค์งานขึ้นมาจากผืนแผ่นดินอันอุดมที่เขาทั้งรักและผูกพัน ผลงานของเขาคือบันทึกมรดกทางภาษาและวรรณคดีของประเทศฝรั่งเศสและของโลก ดังได้เกริ่นมานี้ น่าจะพอเห็นได้ว่า
โมริยัคคือนักประพันธ์ผู้ยิ่งใหญ่คนหนึ่งแห่งคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 20 ผลงานและชีวประวัติของเขาได้รับการศึกษามากมายและหลากหลายในวงวรรณกรรมตะวันตก สำหรับในประเทศไทย แม้งานประพันธ์ของโมริยัคปรากฏสู่สายตานักอ่านแล้วหลายเรื่องในสถานะงานวรรณกรรมแปล แต่ผู้เขียนเห็นว่า งานศึกษาหรือหนังสือว่าด้วยประวัติชีวิตและงานเขียนของเขาในลักษณะที่ครอบคลุมยังมีจำกัด จำต้องศึกษาจากภาษาต่างประเทศเป็นส่วนใหญ่ โดยหนังสือ François Mauriac Revisited แต่งโดย David O'Connell เล่มนี้ นับเป็นเล่มมูลฐานที่ควรค่าแก่การแนะนำเป็นอย่างยิ่ง

ผู้แต่งเริ่มต้นเนื้อหาด้วยการสรุปลําดับเหตุการณ์ชีวิตของโมริยัคตามปีคริสต์ศักราช ตั้งแต่ปีเกิด ค.ศ. 1885 ชีวิตวัยเด็ก การเติบโต การศึกษา ชีวิตครอบครัว เส้นทางอาชีพ การประพันธ์ผลงาน ชื่อเสียงเกียรติยศที่ได้รับ จนถึง ค.ศ. 1970 ปีที่โมริยัคเสียชีวิต การเริ่มนำเข้าสู่เนื้อหาของหนังสือผ่านสรุปลำดับเหตุการณ์ชีวิตของนักประพันธ์เช่นนี้ นับเป็นการปูพื้นฐานแก่ผู้อ่านให้เห็นภาพรวมชีวิตโมริยัคได้เป็นอย่างดี

Wisdom of Parental Teaching toward Buddhist Teaching Methods from the Book of “The Three Kingdoms” By Chaophraya Phrakhlang (Hon) Version, in the 21st Century Context

Nutkritta Nammontree — 2024-06-28

This article aims to explore the wisdom of parental teaching toward Buddhist Teaching methods from the book “The Three Kingdoms” through the Chaophraya Phrakhlang (Hon) version in the 21st-century context. The contents of Buddhist Teaching methods from Phra Akradate Yanadesho are applied as concepts of the study. The data were derived from the book ‘The Three Kingdoms” through Chaophraya Phrakhlang (Hon) version. The finding reveals the wisdom of parental teaching toward Buddhist Teaching methods from the book “The Three Kingdoms” in the 21st-century context; those were 1) teaching material used, 2) punishment and reward, 3) comparison through metaphor, 4) role model, 5) story-telling through teaching, 6) language-played, word-played, and new meaning in words used, 7) Word choice of man selection and individual practice, 8) apprehension of timing and opportunities, 9) apprehension of flexibility and using methods, and 10) apprehension of strategies on solutions for facing problems. As mentioned above, they indicate the significance of “The Three Kingdoms” literature praised as an elite literature as the pleasant tale from the Royal Society of Literature. It was also the finest work through its language and literary styles. ‘The Three Kingdoms’ contains the wisdom of parental teaching toward viewpoints, epigrams, maxims, and hidden virtues, which becomes precious learning. This wisdom can properly be applied to parental teaching in the social context of the 21^st century.

Long Nang Theiym rituals in Phon Phisai District, Nong Khai Province : The dynamics and interactions of gods, spirits, and humans

Wattanachai Kamewpimpa — 2024-06-28

This article aims to investigate the rituals and dynamics of the Long Nang Theiym rituals in the Ban Chom Nang community area, Wat Luang Subdistrict, Phon Phisai District, Nong Khai Province. The research utilizes documentary sources with empirical data collected from observations and interviews. The study focuses on the dynamics of the Long Nang Theiym rituals in Phon Phisai District, Nong Khai Province. The study found that these rituals serve to honor the protective deity or Mahesak ghost of the city and ask for divine blessings for the villagers’ happiness and safety from disasters. Moreover, the research revealed four main points of interest: 1) the interactive relationship among gods, spirits, and humans demonstrating the connection between humans and divine powers; 2) the maintenance of the identity of the ritual amidst the dynamics of society, focusing on adapting the Long Nang Theiym rituals to modern society; 3) The transition from village to urban society facilitated by the economic development of Phon Phisai, Nong Khai Province, and its integration of local cultural capital; and 4) Nang Thiam and the preservation of the status of a sacred person under social change, emphasizing cultural values and traditions. Long Nang Theiym rituals are not only a symbolic expression of human submission to sacred or supernatural powers, but they also reflect Thai society's reliance on nature and local people's mindset, which is firmly connected to a belief that guides their way of life.

Using Communicative Language Teaching and Activity-based Learning to Improve English Vocabulary Learning Ability of Prathomsuksa 5 Students

Thitima Praratch — 2024-06-28

The purposes of this study were: 1) to study and compare the English vocabulary learning ability before and after learning using communicative language teaching (CLT) and activity-based learning (ABL), 2) to study the English vocabulary retention after learning using CLT and ABL, and 3) to investigate the students’ attitude towards teaching English vocabulary through CLT and ABL. The sample consisted of 20 Prathomsuksa 5 students at Bannongkungnongchareon School in Kutchap District, Udon Thani Province, in the first semester of the 2023 academic year. The students are selected via cluster random sampling. The research was experimental research with a group pretest-posttest design. The research instruments included 12 lesson plans, an English vocabulary ability test, and an attitude questionnaire. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, 2 hours a week, or 24 hours for all. The mean, percentage, standard deviation, and t-test for dependent samples were used for data analysis. The findings revealed: 1) Students' pretest and posttest mean scores on English vocabulary learning ability were 20.11 (40.23%) and 39.66 (79.32%), respectively. The posttest mean score exceeded the 70% criterion and the pretest score. 2) The average initial and subsequent posttests scores were 39.66 and 39.22, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no notable variances in mean scores between the two tests. Students demonstrated retention of English vocabulary learned through CLT and ABL. 3) Students' attitude towards teaching English vocabulary with CLT and ABL was highly positive, as evidenced by a mean score of 4.67

A Study of the Gay Monk Identity: Case Study of Gay Monks in Chiang Rai

Thanapon Dej-u-pakarn — 2024-06-28

This study aimed to reveal the definitions of the current identity of gay monks along with the deconstruction process and construction of a new identity for gay monks within monastic gender. This process arose from negotiations, fighting, and pushing with monks who had a hegemonic masculinity in northern society. This study used postmodern feminist ethnographic research methodology through in-depth interviews. The mentioned interview had three main points of results. The first result showed that the definition of identity of gay monks is the behavior of gay monks that appropriate to the role, function and position. The second result showed that the identity construction of men in the northern region from their childhood was not required to work according to sex. Therefore, boys could help with housework. The concept of masculinity in society caused the devaluation of gay in a secular society; however, the status was changed in a monastic society where gay monks were praised and honored. The third result showed that gay monks negotiated and fought by means of application of femininity such as cleaning temples, adorning the place and teaching housewives in dance for the sake of Buddhism. However, Thai society still adhered to the negative stereotypes of gay. As a result, the status of gay monks was still inferior to that of monks who had a hegemonic masculinity. The result of the fourth study revealed that the identity of gay monks changed all the time. It depended on their role and status as a result of the learning process with the influence of masculinity in a monastic society. This was an invisible power that controlled gay monks and made them choose an identity for existence and survival in the society of masculinity.

A Study of Roles of Ying Fa Khau Fon Ritual Huai Kaew Sub-district, Bueng Na Rang district, Phichit province

Butsakon Kaeo-am — 2024-06-28

The aim of this research was to study constituents through the ritual in terms of the roles asking for rainfall during the season. Use qualitative research methods. Field data were gather by means of interview, observance, collection of pictures as evidences were gathered. Descriptive analysis was applied according to the results. Therefore, they were divided into three constituents ; 1.Preparation 2.Initiation 3. Ending. Additionally, there were six roles ; ritual belief conveying, local identity building, Educating, Social rules and conflict exits, Entertaining and sustainable conserving of the ritual.

Impact of Online Social Media Usage Behavior on Perceptions of Thai Polysemous Words among Chinese Students Studying Thai Language in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Sunee Leelapornpinit — 2024-06-28

This research uses a mixed-method approach to investigate the effect of online social media usage on Chinese students’ perception of Thai polysemous words in the Greater China region, particularly Guangzhou. Data from 108 third- and fourth-year undergraduate Chinese students were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA. Findings indicated that TikTok is the most popular social media platform among these students, with Google’s website being the primary platform used. Students predominantly use Thai dramas to learn and develop Thai language skills, typically spending 1 to 2 hours on these platforms. However, the majority of students do not frequently use Thai platforms or online media, and the media’s potential to teach Chinese learners about polysemous Thai words is underutilized. There are no significant ethnic differences in the frequency of using Thai platforms and online media, but the academic year significantly affected the frequency of watching online social media (<0.05). Chinese students primarily “consume” rather than actively “use” online social media to learn Thai. Their opinions on how online social media usage affected their perception of Thai polysemous words are moderately positive, with most agreeing that regular use helps them become more familiar with these words and provided examples of their varied meanings.

The Development of Reading Comprehension using the KWL Plus Technique for Chinese Students Studying Thai as a Second Language at Chiang Rai Rajabhat University

Ying mei Qin — 2024-06-28

The aims of this study were 1) to develop reading comprehension skills using the KWL Plus technique for Chinese students studying Thai as a second language at Chiang Rai Rajabhat University underlying the 80/80 efficiency standard criteria and 2) to compare the achievement in reading comprehension skills of Chinese students studying Thai as a second language at Chiang Rai Rajabhat University before and after learning by using the KWL Plus teaching. Using a pretest-posttest design with the same group of participants, the sample was 13 fourth-year Chinese students studying Thai as a second language in the Thai Language and Culture Program in their academic year 2023 at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that the efficiency of developing reading comprehension using the KWL Plus technique for Chinese students studying Thai as a second language at Chiang Rai Rajabhat University was 84.31/80.92, meeting the specified criteria. Additionally, the reading comprehension ability of Chinese students improved significantly after using the KWL Plus technique, with a significance level of .01.

The Development of Malay Grammar Competence on the Topic of Affix of Second-Year Students at Yala Rajabhat University with the Use of the Digital Book on Verb Formation

Aleeyah Masae — 2024-06-28

The advancements in technology during the 4.0 era, along with the challenges in digital education, have transformed the traditional learning into online. Therefore, this research aims to explore the learning achievement in Malay grammar on the subject of affixes and the satisfaction of using the digital book on verb formation. The research samplings include 32 students enrolled the course of Grammar for Malay Teachers 1 in the first semester, academic year 2023, Yala Rajabhat University. The research method was a basic experimental research designed as (One Group Pretest Posttest Control Group Design). Data were analyzed by the SPSS program to determine the achievement result with averages, standard deviation and t-tests values. The research instruments were the digital books on verb formation, achievement test and satisfaction assessment form.
The research findings indicated 1) a significant increase in achievement rates, surpassing previous levels, with statistical significance at .05, and 2) the overall satisfaction of utilizing the digital book resulted in high among learners ( = 4.36). These results reflect that employing digital books could foster students' engagement, enjoyment, and self-directed learning. Furthermore, it aids students in acquiring a deeper understanding of Malay grammar. This indicates that learning with digital book enhancing Malay language skills in verb formation can be a part of teaching and important in managing online teaching as well.

Idea for Mind Healing During COVID-19: Humanistic Instinct in a Novel Entitled Descendant of Memories of the Memories of the Black Rose Cat

Niya Bilyamae — 2024-06-28

This paper aimed to psychologically investigate humanistic instinct as exhibited in the novel entitled Descendant of Memories of the Memories of the Black Rose Cat and present applied results, based on Buddhism, as an idea in mind healing during COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation revealed that humanistic instinct reflected habits and relationship of human being through individual’s instinct, which was inherited through habit at the surface and deep levels of an individual. Ideas derived from the investigation were applied, based on Buddhism, for mind healing during COVID-19 pandemic comprising quitting adherence, converting rebukes to offerings, and solving problems by finding true causes. The results of this study could be used as a strategic model in taking care of mental health of Thai people in different situations, especially during COVID-19 pandemic.