Journal of MCU Philosophy Review

Classical Indian Philosophy: A Critical Introduction

Sompone Sucitto (Sipaseuth) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

หนังสือเรื่อง Classical Indian Philosophy: A Critical Introduction เขียนโดย สมภาร พรมทา (Somparn Promta) เป็นหนังสือที่พูดถึงแนวคิดหลักของปรัชญาอินเดียแต่ละสำนักเช่น พราหมณ์ พุทธ และเชน ผู้เขียนเป็นศาสตราจารย์ทางด้านปรัชญา อดีตอาจารย์ประจำภาควิชาปรัชญา คณะอักษรศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย ปัจจุบันเป็นผู้อำนวยการศูนย์พุทธปรัชญา มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย หนังสือเล่มนี้ เขียนเป็นภาษาอังกฤษ มีจำนวน ๒๙๒ หน้า พิมพ์เผยแผ่ครั้งแรกเมื่อปี พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๔ หนังสือเล่มนี้เริ่มต้นด้วยบทกวีที่ว่าด้วยเรื่องพระพรหมของราล์ฟ วอลโด เอเมอร์สัน (Ralph Waldo Emerson) สิ่งที่ควรรู้และบทนำ หนังสือได้แบ่งออกเป็น ๒ ตอนคือ ตอนที่ ๑ เริ่มจากบทที่ ๑-๗ ว่าด้วยปัญหาในปรัชญาอินเดีย ส่วนตอนที่ ๒ เริ่มจากบทที่ ๘-๑๕ เนื้อหาว่าด้วยภาพรวมของปรัชญาอินเดียเป็นการวิเคราะห์แนวคิดของฮินดู พุทธ และเชน

Instructional Leadership of Administrator and Learning Organization of School under Prachuap Khiri Khan Secondary Education Service Area Office

Chawakorn Khoggarian, Prasert Intarak — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were: 1. To study instructional leadership of school administrator, 2. To study learning organization of school and 3. To study relationship between instructional leadership of school administrator and learning organization of school under Prachuap Khiri Khan Secondary Educational Service Area Office. The research instrument was a opinionnaire based on McEwan concept regarding instructional leadership. For the learning organizations based on Marquart concept. The overall reliability of the questionnaire, measured using Cronbach’s alpha, was .986. The sample consisted of 265 school personnel, including school administrators or acting directors and teachers, selected using stratified random sampling classified by school. A total of 190 completed questionnaires were returned, accounting for 71.69% of the total distributed. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient. The results of this research were as follows: 1. The instructional leadership of school administrators under Prachuap Khiri Khan Secondary Educational Service Area Office were at a high level. 2. The learning organization of school under Prachuap Khiri Khan Secondary Educational Service Area Office in overall and each component were rated at a high level. And 3. The Instructional leadership of school administrators was positively correlated with school learning organization both overall and in all components, with a high level of correlation, statistically significant at the .01 level.

Transformational Leadership of Administrators and Academic Affairs Administration of school Under Prachuap Khiri Khan Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Tanagorn Tongsiri, Sangaun Inrak — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to ascertain: 1) the transformational leadership of school administrators under the Prachuap Khiri Khan Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, 2) the academic administration of schools under the Prachuap Khiri Khan Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, and 3) the relationship between the transformational leadership of administrators and the academic administration of schools under the Prachuap Khiri Khan Primary Educational Service Area Office 1.The sample group consisted of 92 institutions, comprising 1 school administrator and 1 teacher from each institution, totaling 184 individuals. The statistics employed in this research were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient analysis. The research findings revealed the following: The transformational leadership of school administrators was, overall, at a high level. When considered by individual aspect, one aspect was found to be at the highest level, and four aspects were at a high level, ordered as follows: 1) Inspiring Others, 2) Building Shared Vision, 3) Challenging the Process, 4) Encouraging the Heart, and 5) Modeling the Way, respectively. The academic administration of schools was, overall, at a high level. When considered by individual aspect, all aspects were found to be at a high level, namely: 1) Curriculum Development, 2) Academic Planning, 3) Development of the Internal Quality Assurance System and Educational Standards, 4) Measurement and Evaluation, and Credit Transfer Operation, 5) Development or Operation Pertaining to Providing Opinions on Local Curriculum Content Development, 6) Selection of Textbooks for Use in Schools, 7) Promoting and Supporting Academic Work for Individuals, Families, Organizations, Agencies, Enterprises, and Other Educational Institutions, 8) Learning Process Development, 9) Guidance Services, 10) Management of Teaching and Learning in Schools, 11) Coordination of Academic Development with Other Schools and Organizations, 12) Formulation of Regulations and Guidelines concerning Academic Work of the School, 13) Development and Use of Educational Media Technology, 14) Development and Promotion of Learning Resources, 15) Promotion of Academically Strong Communities, 16) Research for Educational Quality Development in Schools, and 17) Educational Supervision, respectively. The transformational leadership of administrators and the academic administration of schools under the Prachuap Khiri Khan Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 were found to be positively correlated at a statistically 0.1 significant high level.

Organizational Culture Affecting the Performance of Teachers and Educational Personnel at Mubankru Technological College, Nong Khaem, Bangkok

Kamonpop Kaewsri — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) examine the organizational culture of teachers and educational personnel, 2) study the work performance of teachers and educational personnel, and 3) investigate the organizational culture that affects the work performance of teachers and educational personnel. This is a quantitative research study, and the sample group consists of 126 teachers and educational personnel from Muang Khru Technology College in the Nong Kham district. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane's formula (1973) with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, resulting in a sample size of 95 individuals. The sampling method used was Convenience Sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, which demonstrated a reliability coefficient of 0.957. Data analysis was performed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and hypothesis testing through multiple regression analysis. The results of the research indicated that: 1) The organizational culture of the teachers and educational personnel was at a high level, 2) The work performance of the teachers and educational personnel was also at a high level, and 3) The organizational culture in terms of identity had the greatest impact on work performance, followed by acceptance of risk and tolerance of conflict, respectively. The findings were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

The Effect of Learning Management Using Skills Exercises with KWC Technique on the Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability of Third-Year Primary School Students

Primsuda Kaewthong, Somsak Lila, Kettawa Boonprakarn — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1) compare the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 3 students before and after being taught using skill-based exercises with the KWC technique, and 2) study the students' satisfaction with the learning management using skill-based exercises with the KWC technique. The research employed an experimental design. The sample group consisted of seven Grade 3 students from Ban Lo Thom Ratphipat School, located in Pa Phayom District, Phatthalung Province, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using cluster sampling with the school as the sampling unit. The research instruments included: 1) a mathematics learning management plan on word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, using skill-based exercises with the KWC technique; 2) a mathematical problem-solving ability test; and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire on the learning management. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and hypothesis testing by comparing pre-test and post-test scores using the Dependent Samples t-test. The results revealed that (1) Students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities significantly improved after the instruction using the KWC technique, at the .05 level of significance, and (2) Students’overall satisfaction with the instructional approach was at the highest level (mean = 4.75).

The Concept of Goodness in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy: A Subjective Reality

Chaiya Sensaenya — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this article is to investigate and analyze the concept of goodness in Theravada Buddhist philosophy from a subjective perspective. The study was conducted by examining relevant documents and research. The results indicate that the problem of goodness in Theravada Buddhist philosophy has been a significant issue attracting attention at both the metaphysical and ethical levels from the past to the present. The explanation of goodness is often presented as a moral value linked to actions and their karmic results, generally presumed to hold certain universal standards. However, in the later period of studying ethical concepts in Buddhist philosophy, a number of scholars have observed and proposed that goodness in Theravada Buddhist philosophy should be explained more in subjective rather than objective terms. Therefore, goodness in Theravada Buddhist philosophy is fundamentally subjective, based on an analysis of metaphysics, intention (cetanā), the structure of dependent origination (paṭiccasamuppāda), and the relationship between intention and karma.

The Design of Classroom Environment for Interior Design Students

Khattipong Duangsamran — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to: 1) analyze factors influencing design creativity among Interior Design students; 2) design interior classroom environments that foster creative thinking processes; and 3) evaluate this designed classroom environments based on student interior design projects. The research employed a qualitative methodology, focusing on case studies within the Interior Design program, Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. Research tools included: 1. Interviews; 2. Observation; 3. Focus Group Discussions; and 4. Document Analysis. Data collected from these tools were analyzed to understand the target group's needs for design purposes. The research findings indicate: 1. Designing spaces that facilitate creative thinking encompasses: 1) identifying problems related to generating creativity; and 2) developing solutions through a spatial design process. 2. Two classroom environments were designed to enhance creative thinking: 1) an Interior Design Workshop Area; and 2) a Tangible Creativity Space. These designs aim to facilitate the perception of Interior Design students across all four academic years, encouraging them to excel in their course-related design projects. 3. The evaluation of the classroom environments, based on student interior design projects, revealed that the designs profoundly reflect an understanding of space allocation for functionality. This includes convenient access to equipment and appropriate spatial arrangements for usage areas, which effectively promote student learning and collaborative work. Furthermore, the interior designs emphasized aesthetics and beauty through harmonious color schemes and modern materials, creating a relaxing and conducive learning atmosphere for students. Concurrently, the designs supported learning and well-being by optimizing the use of natural and artificial lighting, thereby creating an appropriate interior classroom environment for Interior Design students.

The Concept of the Invisible Hand of Adam Smith from the Perspective of Buddhist Ethics

Harit Suksai — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Adam Smith’s concept of the “invisible hand” is often regarded as a mechanism by which the free market efficiently allocates resources, guided by individual pursuit of profit. While this self-interest can incidentally yield benefits for society and the economy at large, the concept has drawn ethical scrutiny. This article critically examines the moral legitimacy of such a market-driven economy through the lens of Buddhist ethics, which emphasizes the renunciation of greed, altruistic action, and the cultivation of a just and virtuous society. From this perspective, economic activity is not an end in itself but a means toward the higher purpose of human flourishing. In the analysis, it showed that Buddhist ethics can support the invisible hand’s capacity for efficient resource distribution—provided it is constrained by moral principles and social responsibility. Buddhist thought further cautions against markets dominated by unchecked desire, advocating instead for a balanced, ethically grounded economic system that benefits all. The study introduces the notion of the “visible hand of ethics,” a conceptual framework proposing that Buddhist moral principles actively guide economic practices toward both material and spiritual well-being.

Leo Tolstoy's the Concept of Art in the Perspective of Buddhist Art

Thanik Setthakulthamrong — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In discussing the nature of art, Leo Tolstoy defines art as expression and communication—an affective transmission between the artist and the audience, mediated through the artistic work as the language of emotion. For Tolstoy, genuine art entails the heartfelt communication of emotional experience, and the more intensely and sincerely these emotions are conveyed, the more artistic value the work possesses. Emotions and feelings are therefore not merely content, but essential instruments in the creation and reception of art. From the perspective of Buddhist aesthetics (Buddhasilpa), however, art is conceived not only as expression but as a vehicle of intellectual and moral cultivation—art as expression and experience. Here, artistic creation is instrumental in fostering a system of ethical reflection and disciplined practice, aiming toward the realization of goodness (kusala), beauty (subha), and truth (sacca) as an integrated whole. The ultimate goal is the pacification of emotional disturbances and the attainment of inner peace through wisdom-infused creativity. Given this foundation, the present study investigates whether Tolstoy’s conception of art bears affinity with the principles of Buddhist aesthetics and, conversely, in what ways they diverge. The research affirms that both perspectives converge on key moral concerns: the promotion of compassion, virtue, and social harmony, as well as the aspiration for the moral elevation of humanity. However, the divergence lies in their respective teloi. While Tolstoy emphasizes the emotional depth and sincerity of artistic experience, Buddhist aesthetics aims toward the revelation of suffering (dukkha), spiritual insight, and the cessation of suffering through disciplined contemplative engagement. Thus, for Tolstoy’s theory of art to transcend emotional attachment and reach a higher dimension of spiritual awareness, this study proposes an integrative approach that synthesizes his views with the philosophical foundations of Buddhist art.

Determinants of Social Media Usage Behavior Among Working-Age Professionals in the Era of Next Normal in Bangkok

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research is to study the social media usage behavior of working-age individuals in the Next Normal era. The research employed a quantitative research methodology. The sample consisted of 400 working-age individuals residing in Bangkok. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The study found that the overall social media usage behavior of working-age individuals in Bangkok during the Next Normal era was at a high level across all three aspects. When examined in detail, it was found that in terms of usage purposes, the most common reasons were communicating with family or friends (𝑥̄ = 4.26) and following news and information (𝑥̄ = 4.24), both at the highest level, followed by educational and learning purposes (𝑥̄ = 4.18). In terms of time-related factors, most individuals used social media for 30 minutes to 1 hour per session (𝑥̄ = 4.12), and more than 2 hours (𝑥̄ = 3.92), with the most active time period being in the evening (16:00–00:00) (𝑥̄ = 4.17), followed by the daytime (08:00–16:00) (𝑥̄ = 4.03). For the entertainment-related needs, the overall usage was at a high level (𝑥̄ = 4.14, S.D. = 0.76). Respondents reported that choosing entertainment platforms and believing that social media helps relieve stress had the same mean score (𝑥̄ = 4.17), followed by regular daily use of entertainment platforms (𝑥̄ = 4.13), respectively.

Social Factors Affecting the Choice of Elderly Care Services in Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to (1) study the level of social factors and the decision to use elderly care services in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and (2) examine the social factors influencing the decision to use elderly care services. The research employed a quantitative approach. The sample group consisted of 400 elderly individuals aged 60 years and over residing in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis included mean (), percentage (%), standard deviation (S.D.), and multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that: (1) Social factors influencing the decision to use elderly care services in Nakhon Ratchasima Province were at a high level overall (= 3.78, S.D. = 0.64). When considered by category, it was found that cultural social factors had the highest mean, followed by family-related factors. (2) The decision to use elderly care services in Nakhon Ratchasima Province was also at a high level. When examined by item, the aspect with the highest average score was emotional and psychological care for the elderly ( = 3.81, S.D. = 0.85), followed by the elderly’s willingness to receive services and comply with care plans.

Quality of Work Life of Personnel in Special Education Center, Region 1 Nakhon Pathom

Kochaporn Puchong, Prasert Intarak — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to identify: 1) the quality of work life of personnel in Special Education Centers under Educational Service Area 1, Nakhon Pathom Province, and 2) the guidelines for improving their quality of work life. This research employed a descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 63 personnel from the Special Education Centers under Educational Service Area 1, Nakhon Pathom Province, selected by stratified random sampling. The research instruments included an opinionnaire, which had a reliability coefficient of .977, and focus group discussions. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) The overall quality of work life of personnel was at a high level. All aspects were rated highly, ranked from highest to lowest mean as follows: Social Relevance, Safe and Healthy Environment, Constitutionalism, Social Integration, Growth and Security, Total Life Space, Development of Human Capacities, and Adequate and Fair Compensation. And 2) Guidelines for improvement include promoting supplementary income and welfare programs to reduce financial burdens; providing ongoing access to psychologists and continuous mental and physical health promotion activities; encouraging participation in decision-making through professional learning communities, mentorship programs, and appropriate job rotation; defining career advancement pathways, developing individual development plans, and implementing systematic monitoring; promoting a culture of organizational equity, allowing freedom of expression, and fostering transparency and trust; ensuring that workload is managed fairly by leaders, utilizing technology to reduce redundant tasks, avoiding after-hours assignments, encouraging the use of vacation leave, and fostering pride in work through recognition and opportunities to showcase achievements, in order to build long-term motivation and organizational commitment.

An Application of Philosophical Concepts to the Design of Spirit Houses within the Context of Digital Lifestyles

Tanakan Bangnoi, Rueanglada Punyalikhit — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to: 1) examine the transformation of ritual beliefs and values associated with spirit houses in order to align them with the conditions of contemporary digital life; 2) develop an integrated four-dimensional applied philosophical framework—encompassing socio-cultural, religious, media, and epistemological domains—for the design of spirit houses in the digital era; and 3) assess the effectiveness of a modular spirit house model combined with an augmented reality (AR) system in mediating cultural expressions and addressing spatial constraints in modern residential environments. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining Design-Based Research (DBR) with Purposive Sampling to select participants who fit specific cultural and demographic criteria. Data collection instruments include structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and AR-based behavioral observation. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage) and thematic analysis, allowing for both quantitative insight and qualitative depth. The findings reveal that 85% of participants reported an increased recognition of ritual significance and cultural dimensions after engaging with the prototype, while 78% perceived the modular design as an effective solution to spatial limitations inherent in contemporary urban living. Based on these outcomes, the study proposes two key conceptual contributions: the Contemporary Sacred Space Model and the AR-Enabled Rituals Protocol. These models demonstrate the viability of spirit houses as contemporary sacred sites, functioning meaningfully in both symbolic and practical terms within Thailand’s evolving digital society.

Quality Management System and Student’s Quality in World – Class Standard School Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi

Kiattisak Wongyara , Saisuda Tiacharoen — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to determine 1) the quality system management in world-class standard school under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi 2) the student quality in World – Class Standard School under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi and 3) the relationship between quality management system and student’s quality in World – Class Standard School under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi. This research is descriptive research. The sample of this research consisted of 24 World – Class Standard Schools under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi. The 6 respondents from each school consisted of 3 a school director and three teachers, with the total of 144. The research instrument was opinionnaire about the quality management system, based on Office of the Basic Education Commission Concept and student quality, based on Office of the Basic Education Commission. The statistical analysis was frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient. The results of this research were as follows: 1) The quality system management in World-Class Standard school under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi, as a whole and each aspect were at a high level, ranking from the highest to the lowest by arithmetic mean; people, Operations, Results, Leadership, Strategy, Students and Stakeholders, and Measurement, Analytics and Knowledge Management, respectively. 2) The student quality in World – Class Standard School under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi, as a whole and each aspect were at a high level, ranking from the highest to the lowest by arithmetic mean; desirable characteristics of learners and the academic achievement of students respectively. 3) quality management system and student’s quality in World – Class Standard School under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi. were positive moderate level of correlation, with .01 significance level.

A Concept of the Round of Birth (Saṁsāra) in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

Prajen Karuttamo (Tonghema) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to fulfill three primary objectives: 1) to examine the concept of Saṃsāra in Theravada Buddhist philosophy; 2) to investigate the debates surrounding the concept of Saṃsāra within Theravada Buddhist philosophy; and 3) to provide a critical analysis of the concept of Saṃsāra in Theravada Buddhist philosophy. This study employs a qualitative documentary research methodology, analyzing data synthesized from the Tipiṭaka. The research findings indicate that Saṃsāra comprises three integral components: 1) Morality (Sīla), 2) Karma, and 3) Cause and Effect. Understanding Saṃsāra can be achieved through three approaches: 1) understanding the cycle of the arising and cessation of suffering (Dukkha) through daily behaviors and intentions based on moral principles; this approach emphasizes the psychological dimension of Saṃsāra rather than focusing solely on rebirth across lifetimes, acknowledging that birth (Jāti) and becoming (Bhava) occur multiple times within a single day; 2) understanding Saṃsāra through the process of action and its consequences; this perspective views Saṃsāra as a repetitive cycle of deeds and results that does not necessarily rely on reincarnation—for instance, unmindful actions lead to immediate or future suffering; and 3) the principle of Cause and Effect as a universal and rational framework that functions without recourse to supernatural explanations. By accepting that every phenomenon arises from a cause and that such effects can, in turn, become causes for further results, the cyclical nature of Saṃsāra is elucidated.

A Concept of Beauty of Ananda K. Coomaraswamy

Phramaha Panya Dhanapañño (Bouthong) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this article is to analyze Ananda K. Coomaraswamy’s conception of beauty. The study employs a documentary research method, drawing upon relevant texts and scholarly works. The findings reveal that: - beauty is a value that can be perceived by humans and has long been a subject of philosophical debate. Prominent philosophers such as Plato regarded beauty as something that must correspond to an ideal Form of Beauty, which truly exists in the World of Forms. The beauty perceived in this world is merely a reflection of the true beauty found in the ideal realm. Beauty, in Plato’s view, is intrinsically linked to goodness and truth. Similarly, Thomas Aquinas considered beauty as a characteristic of the good, relating it to God as “the ultimate source of goodness and beauty. Ananda K. Coomaraswamy regarded beauty as one of the attributes of the ultimate reality, which in Indian philosophy is referred to as Sat (absolute being), Cit (pure consciousness), and Ananda (eternal bliss). He criticized modern art and Western perspectives that emphasize novelty and emotional gratification, viewing such tendencies as distortions of the original intent of art, which was once sacred. Coomaraswamy proposed that beauty is not merely a matter of emotional response or personal taste; rather, it is the manifestation of the ultimate truth in the sensory dimension. Art, therefore, must serve as a medium of spiritual communication, not merely for superficial enjoyment. Harmony and order, according to him, are the essence of beauty. In this study, the researcher aligns with the views of Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, as his perspective offers a profound spiritual understanding of beauty. This approach does not reduce beauty to an object of sensory pleasure or personal sentiment; rather, it affirms beauty as “the manifestation of the ultimate truth” in perceptible form, intimately connected to the structure of the cosmos. When considered from this perspective, Coomaraswamy’s conception of beauty appears to resonate with Plato’s—both reflecting a form of absolutism.

Transformational Leadership of School Administrator and Quality of Work Life of Teachers in School Under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Julaluck Pantarasee, Sakdipan Tonwimonrat — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to study 1) Transformational Leadership of school administrator under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. 2) Quality of work life of teacher in school under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. 3) the relationship between transformation leadership of school administrator and Quality of work life of teacher in school under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The samples were 108 schools under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The respondents in each school consisted of 2 persons: school director, and 2 teachers with the total of 216. The instrument was a questionnaire regarding the transformation leadership of school administrators on the theory of Bass and Riggio and the quality of work life of teacher on the theory of Walton. the statistical used were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean standard deviation, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. The results were found that: 1) Transformational Leadership of school administrator under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. as a whole and individual, were at a highest level; sort descending were inspirational motivation Idealized Influence Intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. 2) Quality of work life of teacher in school under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. as a whole was at a high level and individual, when considering each aspect, it was found that 5 aspects were at the highest level, sort descending Social integration, Personal development, Work regulations, Social performance, Career advancement and job security and there were 3 aspects were in a high level; Safe and secure environment, Work-life balance, Fair and adequate compensation.3) transformation leadership of school administrator and Quality of work life of teacher in school under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. was positive related with a statistically significant at .01 level.

The Competency of School Administrator Under the Office of The Basic Education Commission

Sanita Danpho, Sangaun Inrak — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were 1) to identify the factors of the competency of school administrator under The Office of the Basic Education Commission, 2) to identify the confirmation of the competency of school administrators under the office of the Basic Education Commission. The Sample were 100 Schools. There were three respondents from each school. consisted of a school director or acting school director, basic education school board and teacher with totally 300 respondents. The research instruments were semi-structured interview opinionnaire and questionnaire to confirm competency of school administrators factors under The Office of the Basic Education Commission The statistics used to analyze the data were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, exploratory factor analysis. The findings revealed that: 1. the factors of the competency of school administrators under The Office of the Basic Education Commission, of 5 factors 116 variables, there were; 1) Planning into action, which comprised 4 sub-components: 1.1) Ethics of leaders 1.2) Teamwork 1.3) Achievement orientation 1.4) Human resource development 2) Self-development, which comprised 4 sub-components: 2.1) Having a good vision 2.2) Commitment to work 2.3) Communication 2.4) Supervision, monitoring and evaluation, 3) Effective Management, 4) Problem Solving and Decision Making, 5) Creativity. 2. the confirmation of the competency of school administrators under the office of the Basic Education Commission period were verified by 5 experts found that there were accuracy, propriety, feasibility, and utility.

Administrators’ Skills and Active Learning Management of Teacher in Schools Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Suphanburi

Montana Rattanaburee, Sakdipan Tonwimonrat — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to study 1) Administrators’ skills in schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi. 2) Active learning management of teacher in schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi. 3) The relationship between administrators’ skills and active learning management of teacher in schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi. This research is a descriptive Research. The samples were 28 schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi. The respondents in each school consisted of 4 persons: school director, school assistant director a head of department and teacher. There were totally 112 respondents. The instrument was a opinionnaire about the administrators’ skills on the theory of Hoyle, English and Steffy and active learning management on the theory Withawat Duangpummes and Wareerat Kaewurai. The statistical used for analysis were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient. The results were found that: 1) Administrators’ skills in schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi, as a whole and each aspect were at a high level, ranking from the highest to the lowest arithmetic mean; skills in values and ethics of leadership, skills in staff evaluation and personnel management and skills educational research, evaluation, and planning. 2) Active learning management of teacher in schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi, as a whole and each aspect were at a high level, ranking from the highest to the lowest arithmetic mean; expanding knowledge towards innovation, taking action to build understanding and plan learning and creating an environment and stimulating curiosity in problems. 3) The relationship between administrators’ skills and active learning management of teacher in schools under the secondary educational service area office Suphanburi was found correlated as a whole were at a medium level at .01 level of significance which is positive correlated.

Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media for Buddhist Studies on Significant Buddhist Days for Grade 9 Students at Sanguan Ying School

Jirasuda Chiewchan, Sutithep Siripipattanakul — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to study 1) develop augmented reality (AR) learning media for Buddhist Studies focusing on significant Buddhist days. 2) compare the learning achievements of students who utilized the AR learning media with a benchmark criterion of 80% and 3) examine the students' satisfaction with the AR learning media. The research design is Experimental Research. The research instruments included 1) AR learning media on significant Buddhist days for Buddhist Studies 2) an expert-evaluated quality assessment form for the AR learning media 3) a learning management plan integrating the AR learning media 4) a post-learning achievement test and 5) a student satisfaction survey. The statistics used for data analysis include the Index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC), mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-test, and the reliability coefficient of the entire test using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20). The results were found that: 1) The expert evaluation of the AR learning media indicated an overall high quality, with specific strengths in alignment with the curriculum (rated very good), content appropriateness (rated good), and learning activity suitability (rated good). 2) The learning management plan was assessed as having an overall high quality. (3) The students' post-learning achievement scores significantly exceeded the 80% benchmark criterion (t = 2.15, p = 0.02) at the 0.05 level of statistical significance. 3) The satisfaction survey showed that most students expressed a high level of satisfaction with the AR learning media. In particular, interaction aspects received the highest satisfaction ratings, followed by content and media design, both rated as high. These findings underscore the potential of augmented reality as an effective educational tool for enhancing engagement and learning outcomes in Buddhist Studies.

The Development of An Internal Supervision Administrative Model at Wat Khwang Singh School, Muang District, Chiangmai Province

Phrapralard Phongsatorn Pramuankan — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research has the following objectives: 1) To study the internal supervision conditions of Wat Khwang Singh School 2) To develop an internal supervision model 3) To test the internal supervision model 4) To evaluate the results of using the internal supervision model the sample group consisted of 19 students. Statistics for data analysis the need index (PNI) was used to confirm the model using the Delphi Technique with the consensus of experts. The content consistency value was found (IOC). The reliability value of Cronbach's from experts was found and analyzed with statistics (GLM) at a statistical significance of .05. The research results found that 1. The academic administration needs had 6 aspects. From the analysis of needs, the highest value was the supervision and monitoring aspect (PNI) = 0.549, indicating that teachers and personnel wanted to develop academic work through supervision and monitoring. 2. Develop a supervision and management model 2) Model confirmation stage using the Delphi Technique The analysis result of the IQR value = 0. Experts have a consensus opinion that the model is correct. 3. Apply the trial model at Wat Khwang Singh School with an experimental group of 19 students and a control group of 17 students from Wat Pa Tan School, pre- and post-tests were conducted to compare reading skills. The overall experimental results () = 4.97, Mean square = 2.35 and p-value = .05* showed that the model was effective in developing students' reading skills with a statistical significance of .05*. 4. The results of the model evaluation found that the experimental and control groups had statistically significant differences in development at a statistical significance of .05*. Teacher satisfaction was assessed at a high level, mean () =.4.52 SD. = 0.293.

Ritual Practices Concerning the Afterlife in Buddhism and Hinduism in Thai Society

Phra Praiwan Pabhangkaro (Songchit) , Monnapa Korndee — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to examine the ritual practices concerning the afterlife in Buddhism and Hinduism as manifested within the context of Thai society, analyzing both conceptual frameworks and ritual practices. The Buddhist perspective on the afterlife emphasizes the doctrines of karma, rebirth, and the ultimate attainment of Nirvana, with significant rituals including funeral ceremonies, Abhidhamma recitation, and merit-making dedications for the deceased. In Hinduism, the concepts of Karma and reincarnation are also central, but the ultimate goal is Moksha, liberation from the cycle of samsara. Distinctive Hindu rituals include cremation according to Hindu tradition and the Śrāddha ritual for dedicating merit to the departed. The study finds that although the two religions differ in their foundations and ultimate goals, within the Thai context there emerges a clear intermingling and mutual influence. For instance, the Thai Buddhist practice of merit dedication and the observance of the Sart Thai festival reflect similarities to the Hindu Śrāddha ritual, especially among Thai communities of Indian descent who maintain traditional customs alongside Thai Buddhist practices. This synthesis is rooted in the long-standing historical interactions between Buddhism and Hinduism in the region, shaped by enduring religious and cultural exchanges.

Digital Leadership of Administrators and Characteristics of World-Class Standard School under the Secondary Education Service Area Office Ratchaburi

Phraemai Daengbamrung, Nuchnara Rattanasiraprapa — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to determine 1) the school administrator's digital leadership under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi 2) characteristics of World Class standard school under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi 3) the relationship between the school administrator's digital leadership and the characteristics of World Class standard school under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi. The sample of this research consisted of 24 schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi with 4 respondents per school: 1) a school director 2) an academic deputy director 3) 2 teachers from World Class standard school committee. The research instrument was questionnaire about the school administrator's digital leadership, based on the concept of Sheninger and characteristics of World Class standard school. The statistical analysis was frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient. The results of this research were as follow: 1) The school administrator's digital leadership the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi, as a whole and each aspect were the highest level; ranking from the highest to the lowest mean: student engagement, learning, and outcomes, innovative learning spaces and environments, branding, opportunity, public relations, professional learning & growth and communication. 2) The characteristics of World Class Standard school under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi as almost and each aspect were a high level; ranking from the highest to the lowest mean: teaching methods correlate to World Class Standard, learners’ abilities as world’s citizen and quality system management 3) The school administrator's digital leadership and the characteristics of World Class Standard school under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi were moderate correlation with the .01 level of statistical significance.

Managerial Skills and Performance of Internal Quality Assurance in School Under Secondary Education Service Area Office Ratchaburi

Chanchanok Detampon, Sanguan Inrak — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to determine 1) management skills of school administrators 2) performance of internal quality assurance in school 3) the relationship between managerial skill and performance of internal quality assurance in school under the secondary education service area Ratchaburi office. The sample consisted of 24 schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area office Ratchaburi, with 4 informants per school 1) a school director 2) deputy director of School for Academic Affairs 3) head of education quality assurance 4) teacher member of education quality assurance, total informants were 96 people. The instrument was a opinionnaire about administrators' skills based on the concept of Dubrin and internal education quality assurance of schools based on ministerial regulations education quality assurance, B.E. 2561 (2018). The statistics were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The research results were as follow: 1. The management skills of school administrators Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office overall and in each aspect, it is at a high level. Arranged by arithmetic mean from highest to lowest as follows: political skills, technical skills, conceptual skill, interpersonal skills and diagnosis skills. 2. The performance of internal quality assurance in school Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office is at the highest level overall and in each aspect at the highest and highest levels, ranked by arithmetic mean from highest to lowest, as follows: Highest level, set educational standards of the educational institution, educational quality within the educational institution, prepare self-assessment report, evaluate and inspect, follow up on operations to develop the educational institution to have quality according to educational standards, prepare an educational management development plan of the educational institution that focuses on quality according to educational standards, operate according to the educational management development plan of the educational institution. 3. The relationship between management skills and the performance of internal quality assurance in school Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, is significantly related at a moderate level at the .01 level.

The Buddhahood Integration of Political Party Policy Driving Process in Case of Sammaa Sovereign Party

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article has 3 objectives: 1. to study the history of the Samaa Sovereign Party, 2. to study the Samaa Sovereign Party’s policy driving process, 3. to develop a Buddhahood integrated model for driving the Samaa Sovereign Party’s policy. The study employs action research. The findings reveal that the Sammaa-Sovereign Party aims to create a virtuous politics and society. Sammaa means correct and direct to goodness. Sovereign (Adhipateya) means power, authority, strength. Sammaa Sovereign (Sammaadhipateya) means the power of goodness. The party's ideology is "Doing supra-worldly (Lokuttara) politics." The party's vision is to gather good people with morality, virtue and ethics, to form a team to work together with the people to solve various problems that arise in society, and find a way to develop the country rationally, taking into account the balance between material development and moral development in the mind, for the benefit of all people. The party's mission is to unite good people with morality and ethics, working together with people from all career field to solve problems and develop people's quality of life in a comprehensive manner, by solving the problem at the root cause is primary, the end of cause is secondary, saving and simplicity is primary, lavish is secondary, self-relying is primary, relying on others is secondary, in order to create the highest benefit with the most savings. The party's strategy is to create people to be supra-worldly (Lokuttara) politicians who have the following characteristics: (1) no ego (able to reduce and abandon desires), (2) honest, (3) protect and look after the people, (4) having the potentiality and capability, (5) knowing and understanding the people's problems. The party's core policies are in 5 areas: (1) promoting the creation of toxic-free food; (2) promoting the creation of a healthy life; (3) promoting the creation of a stable economy; (4) promoting the creation of self-sufficient energy; and (5) promoting the creation of good people for society. The party has already been moving forward without having to wait for an election and without having to wait for a budget from the government, because it is driven by the power of volunteers. The evaluation of the policy implementation found that, it had positive effects on people in 7 areas: physical, mental, social, intellectual, economic, overall quality of life, and Buddhahood status. The party's policy driving model is both deep and broad model. The deep model focuses on 3 development areas: Lokuttara (purity from defilements), Lokavidu (knowledge and ability for solving various problems), Lokanukampaya (helping people to relieve suffering). The broad model focuses on 3 development areas: develop yourself, develop people, develop the country.

The Concept of the Four Guardian Gods as a Form of Soft Power Communication in Thai Society

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: 1. investigate the concept of the Four Heavenly Kings (Thao Chatulokkaban) in relation to soft power communication; and 2. analyze the relationship between the doctrine of the Four Heavenly Kings and soft power communication within Thai society. The study is based on a documentary analysis of relevant research and literature. The findings are as follows: 1. The doctrine of the Four Heavenly Kings—deities who serve as guardians of the four cardinal directions in Buddhist cosmology—has been articulated and perpetuated through diverse cultural media, including mural paintings, architecture, and ritual ceremonies. These cultural expressions establish a faith-based authority that has implications for governance and constitutes a significant cultural foundation. Concurrently, Joseph S. Nye’s concept of "soft power" delineates the exercise of influence through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion, leveraging cultural resources, values, and policies. 2. A theoretical analysis indicates that the representation of the Four Heavenly Kings as protectors reflects a culture founded on "primitive thought" and "cognitive relativism," which prioritizes faith, imagination, and affective responses to the sacred. This fosters reverence for these deities as potent protectors of the state and society, functioning as a cultural mechanism that generates positive influence without coercion. Pragmatically, this belief has metamorphosed into "sacred capital" in both tangible (e.g., artifacts, architecture) and intangible (e.g., teachings, philosophical principles) dimensions. This capital serves as an instrument of religious soft power, creating attraction and influencing thoughts and values. Contemporary applications are evident in popular culture, such as the creation of deity figures as "art toys," which reinterprets traditional concepts in a new context to broaden perception and create value in modern society. Therefore, communication through the doctrine of the Four Heavenly Kings is not direct, but rather a process of assimilating and elevating affective experiences to access value-based meanings, which is the essence of soft power communication.

Organizational Culture and Strategic Management in Schools Under the Bangkok Secondary Educational Service Area Office 1

Saowalux Uttarapong, Sakdipan Tanwimonrat — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to 1) Study organizational culture in schools 2) Study strategic management in schools. 3) Study the relationship between organizational culture and strategic management in schools under the Bangkok secondary educational service area office 1. This study is descriptive research. The sample group consisted of 52 places in schools under the Bangkok secondary educational service area office 1. Two informants per school, consisting of one school director or deputy school director and one teacher, totaling 104 people. The instrument used was a questionnaire on organizational culture in schools based on the concepts of Chinida Chittaruttha and strategic management in schools based on the concepts of Thomson et al. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's Product moment correlation coefficient analysis. The results were found that: 1) Organizational culture in schools under the Bangkok Secondary Educational Service Area Office 1. predominantly Task Culture, which is rated at the highest level. Additionally, three other types of organizational culture are also rated at a high level. When ranked by arithmetic mean from highest to lowest, these are: Role Culture, Existential Culture, and Club Culture. 2) Strategic Management In schools under the Bangkok Secondary Educational Service Area Office 1. Is rated at a high level in all aspects. When ranked by arithmetic mean from highest to lowest, the order is as follows: Implementing and Executing the Strategy Strategic vision setting defines mission and core values Performance Evaluation and Making Corrections to Start Anew Crafting a Strategy and Setting Objectives. 3) Organizational culture and strategic management in schools under the Bangkok secondary educational service area office 1 and the conformity model with statistical significance at the .01 level.

A Synthesis of Doctoral Thesis on Educational Supervision in Thailand

Wachirapun Promrit, Sakdipan Tonwimonrat — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to (1) identify the characteristics of doctoral dissertations related to educational supervision in Thailand and (2) synthesize the body of knowledge derived from those dissertations. The sample consisted of doctoral dissertations completed between 2014 and 2023, which were purposively selected based on their relevance to the topic of educational supervision. This study employed a qualitative research design using documentary research methods. The research instrument was a document analysis form structured around six conceptual frameworks: student development, teacher and educational personnel development, curriculum and instructional development, educational quality assurance, educational technology integration, and educational research and innovation. Data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. The research findings were as follows: 1. The most common characteristic of the doctoral dissertations was the use of a mixed-methods approach that combined both quantitative and qualitative research. The studies employed content analysis, interviews, and questionnaires, and validated research models through statistical analysis or expert review. 2. The synthesized body of knowledge was found to align with the Ministry of Education’s policies, covering six key areas: student development through technology integration and collaborative networks; teacher development through professional learning communities (PLCs) and active learning; participatory supervision in curriculum implementation; systematic quality assurance; the use of ICT in supervision; and innovation development for enhancing learning.

The Study of Coexistence Models Between Religious and Irreligious People: A Comparison of Coexistence Between Institution Religious and Natural Religions in Thai Society

Phra Phinyo Thavaro (Sumngern), Naddhira Sridee — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to study 1) to study the coexistence of religious people in institutional religions 2) to study the coexistence of non-religious people in natural religions 3) to compare the coexistence of religious people and non-religious people: a case study of the coexistence between institutional religions and natural religions. This study employs a qualitative research design. Data collection instruments include a documentary analysis and in-depth interviews conducted with a sample group of 15 participants. The research results were found as follows; Objective 1: Coexistence of religious people in institutional religions found that institutional religions have clear components, have duties, are the center of the people and are the center of the mind, are examples of sacred places, are respected and believed in by the people because the temple and the abbot are the people who are closest to Buddhists and understand the basics of local customs and the traditions of the area the best. They have clear duties. Objective 2: Coexistence of non-religious people in natural regions found that the principle of coexistence is thought traditions, which are rituals and beliefs according to traditions in Thai society because Thai society is a collection of ethnic diversity and cultural diversity that are divided into rituals and beliefs. And traditions according to the characteristics of the landscape, such as beliefs, rituals, and traditions of people in communities in the central, northern, northeastern, and southern regions. Objective 3: Comparing the coexistence of religious and non-religious people: A case study of the coexistence of institutional religion and natural religion. It was found that the principle of coexistence in a way of life related to beliefs is a type of local culture that has a profound influence on the thoughts and behaviors of the villagers in that group because the transmission of beliefs has been cultivated for many generations in different areas.

The Community's Innovators: A Cultural Tourist Valuation of Ethnic Karen Tribes in Suphan Buri Province

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to achieve three objectives: 1) To investigate the cultural capital of the Karen ethnic group in Suphanburi Province, 2) To develop community innovators among the Karen people in Suphanburi, and 3) To create value for cultural tourism through community innovators of the Karen ethnic group in Suphanburi. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative research and participatory action research. The research was conducted in Wang Yao Sub-district, Dan Chang District, Suphanburi Province. A total of 30 informants participated in the study. The research tools included interviews and a community innovator development process. The researchers personally collected and analyzed the data, which were then used for a descriptive discussion of the findings and to provide recommendations. The research findings revealed that the Karen communities of Ban Kluay and Ban Huai Hin Dam possess significant cultural capital, including traditions, customs, ways of life, beliefs, and religion. This cultural capital has the potential to generate income for the community and can be further developed into a strong and stable cultural tourism destination. Furthermore, the members of the Ban Kluay and Ban Huai Hin Dam communities demonstrated a strong sense of volunteerism, skills, and readiness for development through the community innovator creation process. The study concluded that community innovators are capable of effectively driving community activities and creating value from their own cultural capital.

The John Locke's Ethical Analysis of Human Rights

Phrapharanroj Tachatammo (Thamanantapol) , PhraKhruWisutthiMongkholbandit — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article has 3 objectives: (1) to study human rights in John Locke's perspective, (2) to study ethics in humans, and (3) to study the John Locke's ethical analysis of human rights. The research methodology is document research, studying documents and related research, analyzing and presenting data in the form of descriptive analysis. The research results found that John Locke's concept of human rights and freedom focuses on the socio-political approach and is applied in daily life. Rights are therefore in accordance with nature and law, which appear in expressions of legitimate rights demands or violations by state organizations. Rights, freedom, fraternity, seeking happiness and resisting oppression exist in the consciousness of people all over the world. Ethics is a science about human behavior that is a habit. It studies and finds answers to these 3 issues: (1) ideals or the highest goal of life, (2) the value of human actions, and (3) criteria for judging the value of human actions. Buddhist ethics is a religious ethics, divided into three types: (1) basic Buddhist ethics, namely the five precepts, (2) intermediate Buddhist ethics, namely the Kusala-kammapatha, and (3) high-level Buddhist ethics, namely the Noble Eight-fold Path, the path to the cessation of suffering. The knowledge gained from the research on John Locke's human rights model according to IVJ ethics is (1) Ideals, the highest ideals or goals of life, namely, believing in God, believing in the law. Adhere to the democratic political philosophy (2) Value, the value of human actions, namely human dignity and basic human rights principles, and (3) Judging Criteria, the criteria for judging the value of human actions, namely the law of heaven, the law of the people, and the law of universality.

Dhamma Medicine Nutrition Approach: An Alternative Food System for Well-being and Sustainability in Production and Consumption

Titima Maisomdat, Chatwarun Angasinha — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to: 1) study the concept and process of Dhamma Medicine Nutrition as an alternative food system that promotes holistic well-being and sustainable production and consumption; 2) study the use of Dhamma Medicine Nutrition in the health care of health camp participants; and 3) analyze the learning process, self-care, and health behavior change of patients in a way that leads to sustainable well-being. The research employed a qualitative research method using document analysis combined with in-depth interviews. The researcher selected 29 key informants using purposive sampling, divided into three groups: 1) Dhamma Medicine Volunteers in four regions of Thailand and Australia; 2) academics in Dhamma Medicine and nutrition; and 3) patients using the Dhamma Medicine approach. The collected data were then subjected to content analysis to answer the research objectives. The research findings revealed that: 1) The concept of Dhamma Medicine Nutrition is the balanced consumption of local plant-based foods and the cultivation of a cheerful mind, leading to sustainable well-being. This is achieved through the promotion and development of pesticide-free farming practices through four principles: (1) self-reliance, (2) renunciation of desires, (3) simple living, and (4) sacrifice for the common good. Furthermore, it provides opportunities for the public to continuously learn. 2) The use of Dhamma Medicine Nutrition in health care includes: (1) adjusting food and behavior to be medicine, (2) demonstrable results, (3) achieving sustainable well-being, (4) balancing body and mind, and (5) aligning with the nine-pill concept. 3) The Dhamma Medicine Nutrition approach has the potential to sustainably restore the health of patients with chronic diseases. Furthermore, it significantly promotes self-reliance and reduces dependence on the mainstream healthcare system, leading to the goals of reducing hunger (SDGs 2) and reducing household expenditures (SDGs 1) as outlined by the United Nations.

A Comparative Study of the Kamma in Life Predictions Appearing in Astrology and Buddhist Prediction

Phra Putthinan Rungsiyo (Thanathammarot), Khongsaris Pangthrap — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article has three primary objectives: 1) to study the concept of Karma and life prophecy as presented in astrology; 2) to study Karma and life prophecy as presented in Buddhist prophecies; and 3) to comparatively study Karma and life prophecy in both astrology and Buddhist prophecies. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, collecting and synthesizing data from the Tipitaka, astrological texts from various specialized schools, relevant research papers, and interviews with 13 qualified experts. The research findings are as follows: 1. Karma and life prophecy in astrology represent a connection between religious principles and the art of divination. This is evident in several belief systems, particularly in Thai and Indian (Vedic) astrology, which posit that human destiny is determined or influenced by past Karma, reflected through planetary positions at the time of birth. While astrological principles align with the Law of Karma and significantly influence contemporary beliefs, astrology often suggests that actions and their consequences are predestined. This differs from the Buddhist Law of Karma, which emphasizes that consequences arise from actions that the doer must inevitably accept. 2. Karma in Theravada Buddhist scriptures is fundamentally composed of "Intention" (Cetana). The fruition of Karma follows its intensity, function, and timing. Regarding prophecies related to Karma-both wholesome and unwholesome this fall under the natural law known as Kamma-niyama. Buddhist prophecies reflect that human life does not depend on fate but is entirely the result of one’s own actions, leading to a life of mindfulness and responsibility according to Buddhist Dhamma. 3. The comparison of Karma and life prophecy in astrology and Buddhist prophecy reveals that predicting a horoscope is akin to reading a "Karmic map." Practitioners of prophecy must possess moral virtue. In the field of astrology, prognosticators, master astrologers, and fortune-tellers must understand the principles of Karma. Celestial bodies influence human actions in the sense that if one commits evil, they must receive evil consequences, which subsequently impact their own stars and destiny.

A Concept of Happiness (Eudaimonia) in Aristotle’s and Buddhist Philosophical Viewpoint: A Comparative Critique

Nareenath Leangtong — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to compare the concepts of happiness in Aristotle's philosophy and Buddhist philosophy, emphasizing the similarities and differences between the two concepts, as well as pointing out the value of integrating these concepts into daily life. Aristotle proposed that happiness (eudaimonia) is living a rational life according to excellent virtue, while Buddhist philosophy points out that true happiness is freedom from suffering or nirvana. The analysis found that both philosophies share the same points in emphasizing self-development and the use of wisdom to achieve happiness. However, there are differences in terms of the ultimate goal and method, with Aristotle emphasizing action in this world, while Buddhist philosophy emphasizes detachment from the world.

Khanti and the Attainment of Enlightenment in Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research employs a qualitative research approach, drawing data from the Tipitaka edition of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya, Mahayana scriptures, and related academic works, to study the meaning, characteristics, types, value, role, and relationship of khanti with the attainment of Dhamma in Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. The research findings indicate that khanti and ksanti are special forms of noble patience, not ordinary ones (with khanti having a deeper meaning than ksanti). They belong to those with right view and precepts according to the Buddha's discipline. In Theravada, khanti is divided into Adhivasana-khanti (protecting precepts) and Titikkha-khanti (eliminating defilements). Adhivasana-khanti, when passing through the four ultimate aspects of Dhamma, can develop into titikkha-khanti. Noble khanti is part of the Path (Patisambhida-magga) and connects perfections (parami) with the Path. The effects of Adhivasana-khanti extend to heaven and Brahma realms, while the effects of Titikkha-khanti lead to attaining noble fruits. Adhivasana-khanti helps maintain strict discipline, promoting higher morality, concentration, and wisdom for realizing Dhamma. The khanti of Bodhisattvas in Theravada and Mahayana is Adhivasana-khanti. The choice to become a noble disciple, Paccekabuddha, or Sammasambuddha is a freedom based on views, intentions, aspirations, determinations, and formations. Noble khanti in strict discipline, such as gata-paccagata-vatta, can lead to attaining Paccekabuddhahood by linking with past merits, or result in attaining Arahantship in heaven, or becoming a quick-witted person realizing Dhamma in the Buddha's presence. Strong khanti becomes khanti-parami. Khanti and viriya (energy) are essential tools for cultivating the perfections of Bodhisattvas in both schools. In Mahayana, khanti has three levels: Ghosanugaksanti, Anulomikiksanti, and Anutpattikadharmaksanti, which align with pariyatti (study), patipatti (practice), and pativedha (penetration) in Theravada. It enables Bodhisattvas to enter and advance in Bodhisattva stages. Noble khanti is a universal virtue that leads to ultimate Dhamma realization when applied. Though goals differ (bodhi-knowledge vs. vipassana-knowledge), khanti serves as a common base for overcoming obstacles. Noble khanti transforms suffering into wisdom, providing a foundation for maintaining mindfulness when tested. It teaches acceptance of truth, without fleeing from truth even when facing suffering, leading to perceiving true Dhamma. It aids understanding suffering, not just enduring it, but opening the mind through wise attention, seeing suffering as worldly normality, and fostering mental growth. Noble khanti is unique to no other religion, as it aims for realizing Dhamma or enlightenment, and is an excellent tool for integrating all things, yielding supreme results.

Transformation Chinese Kungfu to be New Design Animation and Interpretation Tao Philosophy

Chen Yiren, Veerawat Sirivesmas, Sone Simatrang — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines how the philosophical tenets of Taoism can be expressed through innovative animation design inspired by Chinese Kung Fu. Bridging pure philosophy and applied art, the study transforms traditional Kung Fu movements into animated narratives imbued with metaphysical symbolism. A mixed-methods approach, combining practice-based design research with interpretive philosophical analysis, was adopted to both create an animation prototype and analyze its alignment with Taoist metaphysics and aesthetics. The results show that key Taoist concepts – such as Tao (the Way), Yin-Yang balance, wu wei (non-action), and the flow of qi – can be effectively visualized in animation, enhancing understanding of these ideas through artistic interpretation. The discussion highlights how embodying Taoist philosophy in visual form offers a novel pedagogical and creative strategy, reinforcing the harmony between spiritual wisdom and art. This work underscores the dual contribution of the project: enriching philosophical discourse with visual-spatial insights and informing animation design with deep cultural philosophy. Implications: The findings encourage interdisciplinary collaboration between philosophers and artists, and suggest that integrating Taoist principles in media design can foster cultural appreciation and mindfulness in audiences.

Readiness of Thai Elderly for AI Technology Usage: A Behavioral Study

Umaporn Methmaolee — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study and analyze the readiness of Thai older adults to use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in their daily lives-especially within Thailand's transition into an entirely aged society, where the population aged 60 and above is rapidly growing. The study is based on a review of related documents and research studies. Findings reveal a continuous increase in elderly individuals using smartphones, the internet, and AI-related applications for communication, entertainment, and healthcare. The article applies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine behavioral aspects influencing AI adoption. Key components include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes toward technology, and intention to use. It also considers external factors such as family support, government involvement, and digital infrastructure readiness. Furthermore, the study offers policy recommendations and design guidelines to make AI more elderly-friendly-such as voice-command systems, simplified user interfaces, and functions tailored to seniors' needs. The article emphasizes the importance of systematic training and digital literacy programs to ensure the safe, effective, and meaningful use of AI, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for Thai seniors in the digital era.

A Concept of Existence and Self in Mahayana Buddhism

Phra Bhavanavajirasundon Vi. (Kittiched Premsakul) — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study the concept of existence and self in Mahayana Buddhism by studying documents and related research. It was found that existence and self in Mahayana Buddhism are explained in 2 ways: 1. Explanation in scriptures that Buddha’s teachings that communicate the existence and self are in the form of ethics that focus on the treatment of each other that is linked to good and evil. If you do good, you will have a good self and world. If you do evil, you will have evil results. 2. Explanation in the other teachings is an explanation of existence and self in a way that wants to confirm whether it is real or an illusion. The truth is in line with the meaning of denying existence and self-according to the principle of highest truth. In another aspect, the explanation of existence and self that needs to be explained to understand the meaning will involve information that is beyond human understanding.

Organizational Management Amid the Dynamics of Social and Technological Change in the 21st Century

Saowakhon Sakchaisri — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to analyze organizational management within the context of social and technological transformations in the 21st century. In this era, organizations face multifaceted and rapid dynamics driven by globalization, exponential growth in digital technologies, and structural shifts in society, such as ageing populations, cultural diversity, and rising expectations regarding corporate social responsibility. The article presents contemporary frameworks for managing change, such as Kotter's Dual Operating System and Gibbons' behavioral management model, as responses to these evolving conditions. It also examines case studies from Thailand, Asia, and the United States, highlighting how organizations across business, government, and civil society sectors have adapted to these changes. In addition, the article explores the impact of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing on organizational management processes. It proposes strategic adjustments, leadership development, and the establishment of flexible and sustainable organizational cultures to ensure long-term survival and growth amid uncertainty. The article emphasizes the critical importance of integrating technology with social values and visionary leadership as central elements in managing organizations effectively in the 21st century. Readers will benefit from understanding key transformation trends in today's context and will be equipped to apply the proposed frameworks and practices to strengthen their organizations. This includes systematically assessing their organization's capacity for change and selecting suitable strategies to navigate and lead effectively in the digital age.

Characteristics of a Good Person According to the 12 Principles of Values

Manita Rukchai , Surachai Kaewkoon, Phramaha Somboon Sudhammo — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this article is 1) to present characteristics of a good person according to the principles of 12 values. 2) To develop behavior that reflects the characteristics of a good person. and 3) To evaluate and certify the system for developing the characteristics of a good person. The results of the study found 1. Characteristics of a good person according to the principles of 12 values. It was found that (1) being a good person refers to the characteristics of a person who has morality and ethics within the mind and expresses it through positive behavioral indicators that most people accept. (2) Piaget's theory of ethical development. Divide the stages of ethical development into 3 stages: Step 1 is the pre-ethical step, Step 2 is following orders, and Step 3 is the step of adhering to one's principles. (3) Methods for developing good people and promoting morality and ethics include 1. providing the highest level of knowledge, 2. religious training, 3. giving roles, 4. using group influence to conform and 5. imitating from role models. 2. Develop behavior that reflects the characteristics of being a good person. It was found that Method number 1 teaches understanding and actual practice. Method number 2 is a continuous teaching process that helps learners accept and practice. Method number 3 uses a variety of teaching methods and organizes activities for teaching and learning. Including using teaching materials to give students direct experience and participation in activities. 3. Assessing and certifying the system for developing good person characteristics, it was found that the ethical level criteria were in line with the Thai Ethics Study Project Committee. Divided into 4 levels of ethics: (1) Do good deeds for your own benefit, (2) Do good deeds for others, and (3) Do good deeds for the benefit of society as a whole.

The Practice of Concentration Development in Buddhism and the Practice of Silence Meditation in Christianity

Kultida Supavanichyanon — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to present a comparative analysis of the concepts and practices of Samatha meditation in Theravada Buddhism and the practice of spiritual retreats in Christianity. It analyzes the meaning, objectives, goals, and core principles of both practices to systematically highlight their similarities and differences. The study reveals that Samatha meditation in Buddhism is a method for training the mind to achieve tranquility and stability through concentration (samādhi). Its primary objective is to suppress the five hindrances (nīvaraṇa), which are obstacles to goodness and mental peace. The practice commences with the purification of moral conduct (sīla), establishing a firm foundation for the development of concentration and wisdom (paññā). The ultimate goal of Samatha meditation is to pacify and empower the mind, thereby creating a basis for the development of insight meditation (Vipassanā), which leads to the realization of the Four Noble Truths and the attainment of Nibbāna, the complete cessation of suffering. Conversely, a spiritual retreat in Christianity involves withdrawing from the distractions of daily life to spend personal time with God through prayer, reading, and contemplation of the Holy Scriptures. The principal objective is to deepen one's relationship with God, receive spiritual renewal, seek His will, and prepare for serving others. This practice is modeled after Jesus Christ, who sought solitary places to pray to the Father. Although the ultimate aims of the two practices differ—with Samatha meditation directed toward self-liberation from suffering and spiritual retreats focused on developing a relationship with God—a notable congruence is found in their fundamental principle: the cultivation of the mind and spirit. Both traditions emphasize the importance of cultivating inner peace, withdrawing from external disturbances, and engaging in introspection. These are methods that lead to a peaceful life in accordance with their respective religious tenets.