CRRU Law, Political Science and Social Science Journal

Tax Measures to Promote Environmentally Friendly Passenger Air Transport: A Case Study on Incentivizing the Use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Nontapat Puangrod — 2026-04-27

The greenhouse effect is caused by the accumulation of heat-absorbing gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide released from human activities including the burning of fossil fuels. Air transportation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emission. Although aviation emits less greenhouse gas than road transport, it still contributes approximately 10 million tons of carbon dioxide per year. And the emission expected to increase following the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions. Thailand has committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2030 under the Paris Agreement. Promoting the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is therefore a key strategy, as SAF emits less carbon and is environmentally friendly. However, SAF is up to 2.5 times more expensive than conventional jet fuel, potentially increasing operational costs for airlines and transferring the burden to passengers. Although the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand plans to mandate SAF blending requirements in 2026 and 2027, the lack of tax incentives may undermine airlines’ motivation, especially for domestic routes.Furthermore, international tourists increasingly prefer sustainable travel options. Thailand has also joined the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) program, which supports emissions reductions from international flights through the use of carbon credits.

Based on a study of tax measures implemented in the United States, Japan, and France, the author proposes improvements in both policy and legal frameworks. On the policy side, a clear national strategy should be adopted to support environmentally friendly air transport through taxation and address the limitations of granting tax incentives solely through the Board of Investment (BOI). Legally, the BOI's role should be revised to coordinate with tax authorities. Relevant regulations should be amended to align with the Investment Promotion Act B.E. 2520 (1977). Moreover, the excise tax structure for jet fuel should be revised, and a royal decree should be proposed to establish a tax credit mechanism for SAF. These measures should be linked to the sustainable aviation fuel value chain to accelerate the transition to SAF and help Thailand achieve its aviation sector emissions reduction targets effectively.

Driving Community Agriculture towards the Production of High-Value Agricultural Products to Elevate the Grassroots Economy in Chiang Rai Province

Wachirawit Warachitsanuphong — 2026-04-27

The objectives of this research are to: (1) assess and strengthen community capacity, (2) design a model for collaborative networks, and (3) to formulate a community agriculture charter. The research team selected the Ban Dong Chai Rice Seed Producer Community Enterprise, located in Thung Kor Subdistrict, Wiang Chiang Rung District, as a case study prototype for driving community agriculture toward the production of high-value agricultural products to elevate the local economy in Chiang Rai Province.

This qualitative study involved three key informant groups: representatives of farmers, community leaders, and government agencies, totaling 40 participants. The research tools were an in-depth interview, and focus group discussion and analyzed content analysis.

The study found that community capacity could be systematically assessed through SWOT analysis, which provided the basis for defining specific development targets for high-value agricultural products. Efforts to strengthen community capacity focused on promoting modern agricultural skills, the use of technology, greater access to inputs and financial resources, and the production of standardized, high-quality products. Product diversification through value-added processing and the organization of farmer networks were also emphasized.

The collaborative network model comprised three interconnected components: the community’s foundational resources, its internal mechanisms, and external support systems. Together, these elements form an ecosystem that enables sustainable community agricultural development and supports adaptation to shifting economic and social conditions.

The community agriculture charter emphasized consensus building and collective agreements among relevant stakeholders. Its framework integrates social and environmental systems in a balanced manner, encompassing social capital, natural resource management, and governance mechanisms for regulating agricultural practices. This charter provides direction for community-based agriculture to progress toward high-value production, thereby strengthening the local economy.

People's Perceptions and Expectations Toward Online Public Services of The Huai Khrai Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province

Pornpimol Yodsuwan — 2026-04-27

This research had three objectives: (1) to examine the levels of reality and expectations of the public regarding the use of public services through the online system of the Huai Khrai Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province; (2) to compare the reality and expectations of the public toward the use of online public services; and (3) to compare the service delivery channels, namely the website, Line Official Account, and Facebook of the Huai Khrai Subdistrict Administrative Organization. A quantitative research method was employed with a sample of 346 respondents. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Paired Samples t-test.
The findings revealed that: (1) the reality level of online service use was at a moderate level; (2) the expectation level was at the highest level; (3) overall, reality and expectations differed significantly; (4) in terms of service channels, expectations through the website, Line Official Account, and Facebook were higher than the reality experienced, with the Line Official Account showing the greatest mean gap; and (5) both the comparison between reality and expectations, and the comparison across service channels, showed statistically significant differences at the .01 level.

Community Justice

Pissanu Jendong — 2026-04-27

This study adopts a qualitative approach to analyze the concepts, theories, and legal frameworks relevant to community justice. It further examines data from previous research, academic articles, theses, and official documents issued by both public and private agencies, domestically and internationally. The objectives of this research are: (1) to explore the meaning, significance, and role of community justice; (2) to examine existing models of community justice and their roles in addressing the limitations of the formal justice system; and (3) to explore guideline for promoting and developing community justice mechanisms in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 16. The research is conducted using Thung Ton Si Village, Village No. 2, San Pa Muang Subdistrict, Mueang Phayao District, Phayao Province. Data was collected through participatory observation and from the Consumer Protection Center, Phayao Province.

The findings reveal that the target area manages community disputes informally, and that most community leaders lack adequate knowledge and understanding of alternative dispute resolution laws.Moreover, there is insufficient integration and cooperation between the community and relevant governmental or non-governmental organizations.The Social Return on Investment assessment indicates that implementing and developing community justice mechanisms in the target community yields economic and social value, producing positive behavioral, attitudinal, and quality-of-life changes among local residents, as well as generating sustainable long-term social impacts.

Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting the application of alternative dispute resolution (ADR)—particularly mediation—at the community level in Thung Ton Si Village, San Pa Muang Subdistrict, Mueang Phayao District, Phayao Province.Such implementation would enhance equitable and transparent access to justice, reduce costs, and support the development of a sustainable mechanism for community-level dispute management. This aligns with the objectives of SDG 16, which aims to foster a peaceful, just, and inclusive society for all.

Legal Limitations of Civil Liability for Environmental and Natural Resource Damages: A Case Study of Flooding and Landslide

Tananya Katchumni — 2026-04-27

This research examines the legal limitations of civil liability in Thailand, specifically under Section 420 of the Civil and Commercial Code and the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 and its Amendment (No. 2) B.E. 2561, regarding environmental litigation arising from human-induced disasters. The study analyzes the problems and limitations of environmental litigation amidst increasingly severe climate change conditions, utilizing the case of floods and landslides at the railway construction site near the University of Phayao as a case study. A comparative analysis is conducted between the principles of civil liability in Thailand and the United States.

The findings indicate that the Thai civil law system faces two significant limitations regarding environmental litigation for damages in cases of natural disasters related to climate change, under Section 420 of the Civil and Commercial Code and Section 96 of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act. These limitations are: 1. The definition of "pollution" in Section 4 of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act does not cover large-scale physical phenomena linked to human activities, and the term "source of pollution" is not interpreted to include non-point sources, thereby rendering the principle of strict liability under Section 96 unenforceable, 2. The principle of "force majeure" under Section 420 of the Civil and Commercial Code is interpreted to treat natural disasters as grounds for exemption from tort liability. This differs from the approach in the United States, which recognizes disasters caused by global warming as matters of human responsibility rather than solely natural causes. Therefore, this article proposes amendments to the definitions of "pollution" and "source of pollution," as well as a reinterpretation of "force majeure," to align with the Anthropocene era.

Post-Flood Recovery from a Legal Perspective

Waraporn Atsawalapsakun — 2026-04-27

Thailand has continuously faced flooding due to its low-lying geographical characteristics, rapid urban expansion, improper land-use practices, and the impacts of climate change. Flood events have caused extensive damage to lives, property, the economy, society, infrastructure, and natural resources. Therefore, systematic recovery efforts are required in the short, medium, and long terms, in accordance with the principle of “Build Back Better and Safer.” Such recovery includes providing assistance to affected populations, repairing damaged infrastructure, restoring economic systems, rehabilitating the environment, and enhancing community resilience and adaptive capacity.

In the legal dimension, post-flood recovery requires the integration of several laws, such as the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act B.E. 2550 (2007), the Water Resources Act B.E. 2561 (2018), and the Town and City Planning Act B.E. 2518 (1975), as well as laws concerning human rights and public financial administration. These laws define the authority, duties, and roles of government agencies, local administrative organizations, and other relevant sectors in areas such as recovery operations, compensation mechanisms, risk-area regulation, budget allocation, the protection of victims’ rights, and measures to prevent recurring disasters. Key agencies—including the National Water Resources Office, the Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and local administrative organizations—play essential roles in both area-based and policy-level recovery.

However, recovery efforts continue to face several challenges, such as insufficient budgets, lack of coordination among agencies, delays in implementation, and inadequate or outdated information. Consequently, there is a need to develop new laws and measures, including stronger protection of disaster victims’ rights, the establishment of a dedicated post-flood recovery fund, enhanced public and private sector participation, rehabilitation of natural resources, the promotion of innovations in water management, and the creation of transparent and accountable monitoring mechanisms. These improvements are essential to strengthening long-term recovery effectiveness, achieving sustainability, and enhancing preparedness for future disasters.

Legal Philosophy in “Pleng Phuea Chiwit” Songs

Pitak Sasisuwan — 2026-04-27

Law is a fundamental element in the construction of society; wherever there is society, there is law. It is a significant duty of citizens within a society to learn and understand the law of their own community. This can be compared to playing a game where players must constantly learn the rules to avoid violations. In similarlity, law regulate society to ensure peace and order. The author seconds that, currently, there are far too many laws in society for the general public to learn in their entirety. Furthermore, the learning and understanding of law need not be monopolized exclusively within just legal institutions or educational establishments. People may rely on the consumption of literature, music, or other alternatives to perceive and understand the law. Simultaneously, literature or music serves as a channel for conveying the public's perception, understanding, and application of the law. “Phleng Phuea Chiwit” or the category of songs regarding the hardship of living life, politics and understanding of social discourse was a significant medium for reflecting society's thoughts and beliefs regarding the law, and they pave an important path of the era for the masses to struggle and thrives. Through the analysis of a handful of songs, the author found that “Phleng Phuea Chiwit” can foster legal philosophy into urban people, farmers, factories worker and labor classes, permeating the thoughts of everyone from the higher hierachy to the grass root citizen. This represents a new approach to legal study that is not confined to textbooks or classrooms, but exists everywhere, even within music.

Collaborative Management between Rajabhat Universities and Local Administrative Organizations

Surachai Phromphan — 2026-04-27

This article aims to study and analyze the relationship dimensions between Rajabhat Universities and Local Administrative Organizations in Thailand, reflecting the integrated cooperation for local development in accordance with the royal policy of His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua (King Rama X). Rajabhat Universities, as higher education institutions for local development, and Local Administrative Organizations, as local management mechanisms, share five key points: improving people's quality of life, promoting local economy and occupations, conserving and promoting local culture and wisdom, managing natural resources and environment, and encouraging public participation. The relationship dimensions cover seven areas: education and human resource development, research and innovation, academic services and technology transfer, conservation and promotion of arts and culture, local economic development, environmental management, and good governance and public participation. Successful case studies reveal that key success elements include shared vision and goals, strong leadership, integrated collaboration, application of science and technology, and capacity building development. Future approaches for developing integrated relationships consist of establishing joint policies and strategies, developing partnerships, establishing cooperation coordination centers, and developing comprehensive success indicators. Such integrated cooperation will be a key driver for sustainable local development.

Pre-Litigation Mediation: Which Road Should We Take?

Sirichai Mongkolkiatsri — 2026-04-27

Nowadays, the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) plays an important role in resolving disputes between parties. The crucial reason can be that it can reduce the number of disputes presenting before the court, which can be regarded as a means of mitigating the denial of justice. In Thailand, the Chief Justice of Thailand once introduced mediation as a choice of alternative dispute resolution before the trial begins. This is called the ‘Pre-litigation Mediation' (PLM). Under Thai laws, there are Thai Civil Procedures Code and the Mediation Act B.E. 2562 play an important role in this matter. This article intends to deliver information as a food for thought when readers would like to choose to apply the pre-litigation mediation that ‘Which road should we take?’ In summary, the mediation under the Civil Procedure Code may have some advantages over the procedures under the Mediation Act in some certain dimensions. This can be visible especially in cases which have a huge budget argument, and may need judicial enforcement.