The Journal of Institute of Trainer Monk Development

The Factors Affecting the Teaching Effectiveness of Physical Education Student Teachers at Srinakharinwirot University

Chanoknat Rattanachaloemwong — 2026-03-31

The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify the factors influencing the teaching effectiveness of physical education student-teachers at Srinakharinwirot University, and (2) to examine the relationships among these factors. A quantitative research design was employed. The sample comprised 90 fourth-year undergraduate students majoring in Physical Education at Srinakharinwirot University in the academic year 2023, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instrument was a 35-item questionnaire on teaching effectiveness, designed on a Likert scale, with a reliability coefficient of 0.90. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation,
t-test, and multiple regression analysis with the enter method. The research results found that 1) The revealed that seven factors significantly influenced teaching effectiveness: teaching skills (X₅, β = 5.53), use of technology (X₇, β = 5.22), knowledge (X₁, β = 4.63), use of assessment (X₆, β = 4.51), adaptation of skill levels to student differences (X₃, β = 4.30), application of scientific knowledge in physical education (X₂, β = 3.64), and teaching students with special needs (X₄, β = 3.43). Furthermore, 2) The relationships among these factors showed a statistically significant positive correlation with teaching effectiveness at the .05 level.

A Study of Upper Elementary School Students’ Interests and Beliefs About Learning English

Bussarakorn Chaising — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to (1) investigate the level of interest in learning English among upper elementary school students, (2) examine students’ beliefs about learning English, and (3) compare the differences in interest and beliefs toward learning English based on gender and age. This research is survey research. The population consisted of 89 students from Grades 4 to 6 at Wat Kamphang School, located under the Phasi Charoen District in Bangkok. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument, consisting of 14 items on interests and 10 items on beliefs. The reliability coefficient for the questionnaire is 0.9. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including t-test and One-Way ANOVA. The study found that: 1) The overall level of students’ interest in learning English was moderate (M = 3.38, SD = .83). The most selected activities were practicing English with Thai teachers and listening to English songs. 2) Students’ beliefs about learning English were at a high level (M = 3.99, SD = .86), especially the belief that English helps increase future job opportunities and communication with foreigners. 3) The comparison of students’ interests and beliefs toward learning English based on gender and age showed no statistically significant differences at the .05 level. Overall although students hold positive beliefs about the importance of learning English, their level of interest remains moderate. This highlights the need for designing learning activities that connect to students’ interests and foster genuine intrinsic motivation for English language learning.

The Relationship Between Exercise Behavior, Health Belief Model and Social Support Among Students at the National Sports University, Bangkok Campus, During the COVID-19 Situation

Supphakrit Somphimsen — 2026-03-31

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between exercise behavior, health belief model, and social support among students of the National Sports University, Bangkok Campus, during the COVID-19 situation. This research uses a quantitative research design. The sample group consisted of 272 students from the National Sports University, Bangkok campus, selected using stratified sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire divided into four sections, comprising a total of 76 items. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between independent variables. The findings revealed that the health belief model factor had an effect on changes in exercise behavior, with a correlation coefficient of 0.131. The social support factor also had an effect on changes in exercise behavior, with a correlation coefficient of 0.669, which was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Furthermore, the study indicated that the relationship between the health belief model and social support had an effect on exercise behavior, with a correlation coefficient of 0.536, also statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Strategic Management of Primary School Administrators Under The Office of the Basic Education Commission

Pornthep Srisuk — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to: 1) study the strategic management variables of school administrators, 2) develop a strategic management model for school administrators, and 3) evaluate the accuracy, appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness of the strategic management model for school administrators. This study employed a mixed-methods approach. The population consisted of 25,039 primary schools, and the sample included 379 primary schools selected through simple random sampling. Informants comprised one school administrator and one school board member per school, totaling 758 participants. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire on opinions regarding the strategic management of school administrators, using a 5-point Likert scale with a reliability coefficient of 0.989. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), with a statistical significance level of 0.01. The research findings revealed that: 1) there were a total of 94 strategic management variables for school administrators; 2) the strategic management of school administrators consisted of six components, namely: Component 1 – Environmental Analysis with 14 variables, Component 2 – Strategic Planning with 11 variables, Component 3 – Strategic Management with 9 variables, Component 4 – Vision, Mission, and Objectives Formulation with 12 variables, Component 5 – Participation with 6 variables, and Component 6 – Change Management with 6 variables; and 3) the evaluation by 17 experts and scholars indicated 100% accuracy, 100% appropriateness, 100% feasibility, and 100% usefulness. The model was reviewed and endorsed by the experts and scholars.

Creative Leadership of Administrators Affecting Organizational Climate in Schools Under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office

Chutiman Muenhong — 2026-03-31

The objectives of this research were to (1) study the level of creative leadership of administrators, (2) study the level of organizational climate, and (3) examine the creative leadership of administrators that affects the organizational climate in schools under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office. This research uses a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of administrators and teachers in schools under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office in the academic year 2024, totaling 306 participants. Compared to the sample size determination table of Krejcie and Morgan, the instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical software to calculate frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that (1) the overall creative leadership of administrators in schools under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office was at a high level. In detail, the highest mean score was in commitment and driving force at work, followed by personality. The lowest mean score was in knowledge. (2) The overall organizational climate of schools under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office was at the highest level. In detail, the highest mean score was in the sense of belonging, followed by appreciation and support. The lowest mean score was in organizational structure. and (3) Creative leadership of administrators significantly affected the organizational climate of schools under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office at the .01 statistical level, which Creative leadership of administrators in personality aspect and Intelligent ability aspect can predict climate in schools under the Bangkok Primary Educational Service Area Office by 48.40 pecentage.

Innovative Leadership of School Administrators Affecting the Learning Organization of Schools Under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office

Jaruwan Kitichan — 2026-03-31

The objectives of this research were (1) to study the level of innovative leadership of school administrators, (2) to study the level of learning organization of schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office, and (3) to examine the innovative leadership of school administrators that affects the learning organization of schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office. The research design used is descriptive research. The sample consisted of school administrators and teachers in schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office in the academic year 2024. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 247 participants was determined through stratified random sampling based on school size. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and a reliability coefficient of 0.99. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that (1) the overall innovative leadership of school administrators under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office was at a high level. The highest mean score was in team building, followed by innovation team management. The lowest mean score was in providing rewards for innovation. (2) The overall learning organization of schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office was also at a high level. The highest mean score was in mental models, followed by shared vision. The lowest mean score was in the person of mastery. (3) Innovative leadership of school administrators significantly affected the learning organization of schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office at the .01 level. These factors could predict 83.30% of the learning organization of schools (R² = 0.833).

Administrators' Use of Information Technology Affecting Academic Administration in Educational Institutions Under the Samut Prakan Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Athitthanat Thammakhan — 2026-03-31

This predictive research aimed to (1) study the use of information technology by administrators, (2) study the level of academic administration in schools, and (3) examine the use of information technology by administrators that affects academic administration in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Samut Prakan. The sample consisted of 380 administrators and teachers from a population of 2,476 in the academic year 2024, determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. Research findings revealed that (1) the overall use of information technology, was at the highest level. By category, the highest mean was in operational procedures, followed by personnel. The lowest mean was in the data. (2) The overall academic, was at the highest level. By category, the highest mean was in the development and use of educational media and technology, followed by academic planning. The lowest mean was in the development of internal quality assurance and educational standards. (3) The use of information technology by administrators significantly affected academic administration in schools, at the .01 level. The significant predictors were hardware, operational procedures, and personnel. These factors could predict 78.60% of academic administration in schools.

Effects of Learning Management Using Geographic Process with Learning Resources in Ratchaburi Province on the Topic of Geography and Local's Colors towards Fourth Grade Geo Literacy

Supaporn Chanaman — 2026-03-31

The purposes of this research were to: 1) compare the learning achievement in "geography and the local’s colors" of fourth grade students before and after learning the geographical process with learning resources in Ratchaburi province; 2) compare the geographical literacy of fourth grade students after learning the geographical process with learning resources in Ratchaburi province; and 3) investigate study the opinions of fourth grade students towards learning. The research design used in this study was experimental research. The researcher conducted the experiment according to the pre-experimental designs, a single group, pre-test and post-test. The sample group students of the 2024 academic year cluster random sampling. The instruments were: 1) lesson plans 2) an assessment form of geo-literacy test; 3) a geography learning achievement test and 4) a questionnaire on opinion of students. The statistical analysis by mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent, and content analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1) The geographical literacy of fourth grade students after learning the geographical process with learning resources in Ratchaburi province were significantly higher than before participation learning at .05 level of significant. 2) The geography learning achievement of fourth grade students after learning the geographical process with learning resources in Ratchaburi province were significant higher than before participation learning at .05 level of significant. 3) Opinions of fourth grade students towards learning the geographical process with learning resources in Ratchaburi province were at the highest level of agreement.

Leadership of School Administrators in the 21st Century Based on Teachers’ Opinions Under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission

Monsicha Bongsunan — 2026-03-31

This research article is a quantitative study aimed to: 1) study the leadership of school administrators in the 21st century according to the opinions of teachers under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission, 2) compare the leadership of school administrators in the 21st century based on the opinions of teachers under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission categorized by work experience, 3) compare the leadership of school administrators in the 21st century based on teachers’ opinions under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission classified by school size. The sample group consisted of teachers under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Songkhla Province for the academic year 2023. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan sample size table, resulting in a total of 269 participants. Stratified random sampling was employed based on the size of each educational institution, followed by simple random sampling using a lottery method proportional to the number of the population in each institution. A questionnaire and an interview form were used as research instruments for data collection, with a reliability of .945. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and an F-test. The research results revealed that: 1) The leadership of school administrators in the 21st century, based on teachers’ opinions under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission, was at a high level overall and in each aspect; 2) The results of comparing the leadership of school administrators in the 21st century according to the opinions of teachers under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission, categorized by work experience, found that teachers with different work experiences showed no differences in their views, both overall and in each aspect; 3) The results of comparing the leadership of school administrators in the 21st century according to teachers’ opinions under Songkhla Provincial Office of the Vocational Education Commission, classified by school size, found that teachers working in schools of different sizes did not have different opinions overall. However, when considering individual aspects, only the “vision” aspect was found to be statistically significantly different at the .05 level.

The relationship between compliance with professional ethics of administrators and the happiness organization of educational institutions under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Bangkok Area 1

Poramate Tuekdee — 2026-03-31

This correlation research aimed to: (1) study the compliance with professional ethics of school administrators, (2) study the happy organization of schools, and (3) examine the relationship between school administrators’ compliance with professional ethics and the happy organization of schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1. This research is a correlational study. The sample group consisted of 371 administrators and teachers from the Bangkok Metropolitan Secondary Educational Service Area Office 1, during the 2024 academic year, out of a population of 5,079. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane's formula with a 5% margin of error. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. Research findings revealed that (1) the overall compliance with professional ethics of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1, was at the highest level. By category, the highest mean was in ethics towards society, followed by ethics towards service recipients. The lowest mean was in ethics towards the profession. (2) The overall level of organizational happiness in educational institutions under the Bangkok Metropolitan Secondary Education Area Office, District 1, had a high average score. When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect of having a kind heart had the highest average score, followed by the aspect of having good health, while the aspect of managing money had the lowest average score. (3) The correlation coefficient between administrators’ compliance with professional ethics and the happy organization of schools was significantly high at the .01 level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.92.

Information Technology Leadership of School Administrators Affecting the Standards of School Administration and Management Processes under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office

Tisanamadee Phukprasert — 2026-03-31

This research article aims to (1) analyze the information technology leadership of school administrators under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office, (2) study the standard level of the administrative and management processes of schools in the said area, and (3) analyze the technology leadership of administrators on the standards of the administrative and management processes of schools. The research employed a quantitative methodology with a sample group of 246 administrators and teachers from primary schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had undergone content validity testing (IOC) and demonstrated a high reliability coefficient according to the established criteria. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), inferential statistics, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1. The overall level of information technology leadership among school administrators under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office was at a high level. 2. The overall level of standards in administrative and management processes of schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office was at a high level. 3. The analysis of information technology leadership among school administrators showed a statistically significant impact at the .01 level on the standards of administrative and management processes in schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office. The information technology leadership of school administrators, in terms of support, management and operations, monitoring and evaluation, and social, legal, and ethical issues, can predict the standards of administrative and management processes in schools under the Samut Songkhram Primary Educational Service Area Office by 89.90%.

The Development of Critical Thinking Test for Fake News Consideration Among High School Students in Rayong

Siriporn Donolan — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to (1) develop a critical thinking assessment tool for filtering fake news, (2) examine the quality of the developed assessment tool, and (3) establish normative data for the critical thinking assessment in the context of fake news detection among upper secondary school students in Rayong Province, Thailand. This study employed a quantitative research design. The target population comprised 16,494 upper secondary school students enrolled in the academic year 2025. A sample of 1,000 students was selected using multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire measuring critical thinking skills in filtering fake news among high school students in Rayong Province. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions. The quality of the questionnaire was analyzed using content validity, specifically the Index of Content Validity (IOC), and included testing for discrimination power, difficulty level, reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The research findings revealed that 1) the critical thinking skills assessment for filtering fake news consisted of 35 items in total: 7 items for inferential reasoning, 7 items for identifying preliminary agreements, 7 items for deductive reasoning, 7 items for interpretation, and 7 items for evaluating arguments. 2) The quality of the critical thinking measurement tool for filtering fake news had a content validity index of 1, discrimination index values of 0.451 to 0.769, difficulty index values of 0.343 to 0.777, and overall reliability of 0.917. Structural validity, as determined by confirmatory factor analysis, showed that the model fit well with the empirical data. 3) The normal criteria for measuring critical thinking skills in filtering fake news among upper secondary school students in Rayong Province include a raw score range of 4 to 35, percentile scores ranging from 0.14 to 94.44, and normal T-scores ranging from 20 to 65.

Servant Leadership of School Administrators Affecting Organizational Climate in Educational Institutions Under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Bangkok

Suttisak Pennarong — 2026-03-31

The research article aimed to: (1) study the level of servant leadership of school administrators (2) study the level of organizational climate in educational institutions and (3) examine the servant leadership of school administrators that affects organizational climate in educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Bangkok. It is descriptive research. The sample consisted of 280 administrators and teachers from government vocational colleges under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Bangkok, in the academic year 2024, selected from a total population of 933 through stratified random sampling proportional to the population size. The research instrument was a questionnaire with reliability value of .988. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. Research findings revealed that (1) the overall servant leadership of school administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Bangkok, was at a high level. By category, the highest mean was in commitment to developing people, followed by listening. The lowest mean was in healing. (2) The overall organizational climate in educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Bangkok, was at a high level. By category, the highest mean was in performance standards, followed by commitment. The lowest mean was in recognition. (3) Servant leadership of school administrators significantly affected organizational climate in educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Bangkok, at the .05 level. These factors could predict 88.40% of organizational climate.

A Study of Non-Commissioned Officers’ Needs for English Listening and Speaking Skills Improvement

Weerat Darayoy — 2026-03-31

The research article aimed to: 1) to study the English listening and speaking proficiency levels of non-commissioned officers in the unit, and 2) to investigate their needs for developing English listening and speaking skills. This study employed a survey research design. The population and sample consisted of 120 non-commissioned officers from the 109th Artillery Battalion, 9th Artillery Regiment. The research instruments used for data collection were a survey and a questionnaire divided into four parts. Part 1 dealt with the respondents’ personal information. Part 2 examined the officers’ English listening and speaking abilities. Part 3 focused on their needs for developing English speaking and Part 4 listening skills. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The research findings revealed that: 1. the non-commissioned officers’ English listening and speaking proficiency was at a low level (M = 2.19, SD = 0.86), and 2. their needs for developing English listening and speaking skills were at a moderate level (M = 3.26, SD = 1.03).

Knowledge Management of Visuttharangsi Kanchanaburi School Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Kanchanaburi

Kanisorn Ngenchalard — 2026-03-31

The purpose of this research article is to: 1) Knowledge management of Visuttharangsi Kanchanaburi School, 2) The guidelines for the development of knowledge management of Visuttharangsi Kanchanaburi School under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Kanchanaburi. This was descriptive research. The sample group was the personnel of Visuttharangsi Kanchanaburi School, totaling 132 respondents. The research instruments were of two types: 1) a questionnaire, 2) a structured interview form. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed by frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation. The structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The findings of this research were as follows: 1) Knowledge management of Visuttharangsi Kanchanaburi School, overall and in each aspect, was rated at a high level, arranged from the highest to the lowest arithmetic mean as follows: Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Capture, and Knowledge Application. 2) The guidelines for the development of knowledge management of Visuttharangsi Kanchanaburi School consist of 4 development approaches: (1) Developing a knowledge discovery process from gathering existing knowledge and creating a manual to analyzing and synthesizing in-depth information to find new practices or proactive innovations that respond to the school context, (2) Developing the use of lesson debriefing forms towards the standardization of the quality of the recorded knowledge for ease of future utilization, (3) Developing from simply having easy access to information to a search system that is accurate and interactive with knowledge, and (4) Developing the application of knowledge in urgent situations by changing from immediate orders to debriefing after the event to create standard practices for crisis management.

The Effects of Learning Management Based on the Threefold Training on Reasoning Thinking in Buddhism and Curiosity of Ninth Grade Students

Nipitpon Toonkamnoi — 2026-03-31

The objectives of this research were: (1) to compare the reasoning thinking in Buddhism of ninth-grade students before and after participating in the learning management based on the Threefold Training, and (2) to compare their curiosity before and after receiving the same learning management based on the Threefold Training. This study employed an experimental research design, specifically a pre-experimental design using the one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 ninth-grade students enrolled in the first semester of the 2025 academic year at the Demonstration School of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. The participants were selected through cluster random sampling, with the school used as the sampling unit. The research instruments included: (1) lesson plans based on the Threefold Training, (2) a reasoning thinking in Buddhism test, and (3) a curiosity scale. The statistical methods used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, dependent sample t-test, and content analysis. The results revealed that: 1. The reasoning thinking in Buddhism scores of ninth-grade students after participating in the learning management based on the Threefold Training were significantly higher than before the learning at the .05 level. 2. The curiosity scores of ninth-grade students after participating in the learning management based on the Threefold Training were also significantly higher than before the learning at the .05 level.

Strategic Management of Administrator and Motivation at Work of Teacher in School Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi

Rutsika Chumpaburi — 2026-03-31

The purposes of this research were to determine 1) the strategic management of administrator in school under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi, 2) the motivation at work of teacher in school under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi 3) the relationship between the strategic management of administrator and motivation at work of teacher in school under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ratchaburi. This research is a descriptive study. The sample group of the research consisted of 24 schools under The Secondary Education Service Area Office Ratchaburi. The research instrument was an opinionnaire about the strategic management of the administrator based on the concept of Wheelen and others, and the motivation at work of teacher based on the concept of Herzberg and others. The statistical analysis was frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient. The results of this research were as follows: 1) The strategic management of administrator in school under The Secondary Education Service Area Office Ratchaburi, as a whole and each aspect was at a high level, 2) The motivation at work of teacher in school under The Secondary Education Service Area Office Ratchaburi, as a whole, each factors and each aspects was at a high level 3) The relationship between the strategic management of administrators and motivation at work of teacher in school under The Secondary Education Service Area Office Ratchaburi was positive at a high level of correlation at .01 significance level.

Effects of Productivity Based Instructional Model on the Digital Citizenship of Eighth Grade Students

Kittima Warasit — 2026-03-31

The purpose of this research article is to: 1) compare the academic achievement on the subject of good citizens in the digital era of eighth grade students before and after using productivity based instructional model, and 2) compare digital citizenship of eighth grade students before and after using productivity based instructional model. This research was experimental research, the sample in this research consisted of 30 the eighth-grade students in the first semester of the academic year 2025. The instruments employed to collect data were: 1) productivity based instructional model lesson plans, 2) a learning achievement test on the subject of good citizens in the digital era towards the digital citizenship by productivity based instructional model, 3) an assessment form of digital citizenship test. The collected data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation and t-test for dependent. The finding was as follows: 1) The academic achievement on the subject of good citizens in the digital era of eighth grade students learning management by productivity based instructional model, after studying was significantly higher than before at the .05 level. 2) The digital citizenship of eighth grade students learning management by productivity based instructional model, after studying was significantly higher than before at the .05 level.

Development of Mathematics Teaching Methods by Using Active Learning Processes to Enhance Problem-Solving Abilities for Grade 5 Elementary Students

Bussayamas Unsan — 2026-03-31

The objectives of this research were 1) to study basic information for developing a mathematics teaching model by using an active learning process to enhance problem-solving abilities for Grade 5 elementary students. 2) to develop a mathematics teaching model by using an active learning process to promote problem-solving ability for Grade 5 elementary students. to be effective according to the 75/75 criteria, 3) to try out a mathematics teaching model by using an active learning process to enhance problem-solving abilities for Grade 5 elementary students, and 4) to evaluate the mathematics teaching model by using an active learning process to enhance problem-solving abilities for Grade 5 elementary students. The study applied a mixed-method approach. The sample group was 24 students in grade 5/3 of Wat Paknam Municipal School under Rayong Municipality, using cluster random sampling, classified by classroom. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, Interview, tests. The statistics employed in this research were percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests (t-test dependent), and qualitative data using content analysis. The research findings revealed that the developed teaching model comprised four components: principles, objectives, learning management and processes comprising a five-step development model (Define Problem, Educate, Research, Conclusion, Present), and teacher-student roles. The model achieved an efficiency of 79.78/79.00, exceeding the established criterion of 75/75. Students' learning achievement and problem-solving abilities after instruction were significantly higher than before instruction at the .05 statistical significance level. Additionally, students expressed high levels of satisfaction with learning through this teaching model.

Creating Participation of the Social Sector in Order to Promote the Moral Society of Lower Secondary School Students

Kriangkrai Jariyapanya — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to 1) develop a social participation process to promote moral society among lower secondary school students, and 2) examine the level of knowledge, understanding, and attitudes resulting from social participation in promoting moral society among lower secondary school students. This study employed a mixed methods research design. The population and sample consisted of 8 schools, one from each district in Phetchaburi Province, totaling 8 schools. The research instruments included: 1) a moral situation assessment, 2) an attitude scale toward moral behavior, 3) a moral behavior observation form during each activity, and 4) an attitude scale toward each activity. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, and ranking. The research results found that 1) the creation of a social participation process to promote a virtuous society utilizes a four-step participatory process: 1. Participate in decision-making; 2. Participate in the implementation of development plans and projects; 3. Participate in the monitoring and evaluation of development projects and plans; and 4. Participate in the benefits of development and reflection and data analysis after the activity. This resulted in virtuous model students having positive attitudes toward virtuous behavior and gaining knowledge and understanding of morality. They were able to create creative moral media pieces that were disseminated via social media, resulting in some social outcomes, creating a virtuous social ecosystem, and 2) studying the level of knowledge, understanding, and attitudes resulting from social participation. A study on the morality of lower secondary school students in eight target schools after participating in all five participatory activities found that students had a high to very high mean score on all six dimensions of morality, with an overall mean score of 4.47 and a standard deviation of 0.65.

The Relationship Between Academic Administration and Active Learning Management of Educational Institutions Under the Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Kochanipa Mansanit — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to 1) examine academic administration in schools under the Office of Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area 3, 2) investigate active learning management in schools under the Office of Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area 3, 3) study the relationship between academic administration and active learning management in schools under the Office of Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area 3. A correlational research design. The sample consisted of 327 teachers. The research instrument was a 60-item questionnaire using a five-point rating scale. The reliability coefficients of the questionnaire were .960 for academic administration and .974 for active learning management. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Pearson’s Product–Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between academic administration and active learning management, and hypotheses were tested accordingly. The research findings revealed that: 1) the overall and aspect-level academic administration in schools under the Office of Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area 3 was at a high level 2) overall and aspect-level active learning management in schools under the Office of Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area 3 was also at a high level, and 3) The relationship between academic administration and proactive education management in schools under the Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, both overall and in each aspect, showed a positive correlation (r = .686**) with statistical significance at the .001 level.

A Developmental Guideline of Digital Literacy of Primary School Administrators Under Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Praeploy Boonma — 2026-03-31

The purposes of this research were to find: 1) the digital literacy of school administrators under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, and 2) identify guidelines for developing their digital literacy. The study employed descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 160 personnel in schools under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. There were two types of research instruments: 1) a questionnaire, and 2) a structured interview form. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed by frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation. The structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The findings of this research were as follows: 1. The digital literacy of school administrators under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, overall and each aspect was rated at a high level. When ranking the mean scores from highest to lowest, the results were as follows: Critical Thinking and Evaluation, Functional Skills, E-Safety, Cultural and Social Understanding, Collaboration, Creativity, The Ability to Find and Select Information, and Effective Communication, respectively. 2. Guidelines for Developing the Digital Literacy of School Administrators are as follows: 1) Create short instructional videos on computer usage. 2) Organize workshops on innovation and program development for management. 3) Hold an Educational Innovation Forum to share creative ideas. 4) Appoint a committee to establish criteria for selecting digital tools. 5) Conduct training on awareness and understanding of cultural diversity. 6) Provide workshops on developing cross-cultural communication skills. 7) Establish a school collaboration center and network partnerships. 8) Create a central online platform for coordination. 9) Develop projects with external organizations to produce educational media and activities. 10) Establish a school PR team to handle communication and information. 11) Organize training in digital media communication. 12) Organize “Open-Heart Online” activities to receive feedback and opinions. 13) Establish security policies and promote awareness of the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). 14) Implement annual information security audits. 15) Provide training on personal data rights and online safety. The development of digital literacy for school administrators consists of 8 dimensions and 15 development guidelines.

The Effects of Peer-Assisted Learning in Physical Education on Basketball Skills of Mathayomsuksa 4 Students

Ittisak Ittipiboon — 2026-03-31

The objective of this research is: 1) to examine the effects of peer-assisted learning in physical education on the basketball skills of Mathayomsuksa 4 students, 2) to compare the effects of peer-assisted learning with those of conventional physical education learning on the basketball skills of Mathayomsuksa 4 students. This research is a quasi-experimental study. The sample group consisted of 60 high school students in their fourth year, selected using cluster randomization, divided into an experimental group of 30 students and a control group of 30 students. The research instruments consisted of lesson plans based on peer-assisted learning and conventional physical education lesson plans. The experimental group received instruction using the peer-assisted learning technique, while the control group was taught using conventional instruction. The results indicated that 1) students in the experimental group showed improvement in their basketball skills after the 8th week of instruction, 2) after the 8th week, the basketball skills of the experimental group were significantly higher than their pre-test scores at the .05 level. In conclusion, physical education instruction using the peer-assisted learning technique can effectively enhance students’ basketball skills.

Development of Chinese Vocabulary Translation Achievement Using Chinese Character Picture Media to Connect Meanings for Prathom Suksa 4 Students

Soraya Sosae — 2026-03-31

The purpose of this research article is to: 1) compare the achievement in Chinese vocabulary translation through the use of Chinese character visual media linked to meaning among Grade 4 students before and after instruction. 2) study the students’ satisfaction toward learning through pictorial Chinese character media that link meanings among Grade 4 students. This research is experimental research. population consisted of Grade 4 students in the first semester of the 2025 academic year at Phromcharoenwittaya School, Songkhla Province. The sample consisted of Grade 4 students from one classroom. The research instruments included: 1) Pictorial Chinese character media linking meanings. 2) Lesson plans using pictorial Chinese character media linking meanings. 3) Pre-test and post-test. 4) Students’ satisfaction questionnaire toward the pictorial Chinese character media linking meanings. The statistical methods used for data analysis included the t-test, mean, and standard deviation. The research findings indicated that: 1) The students’ achievement in Chinese vocabulary translation using pictorial Chinese character media linking meanings was significantly higher after learning than before learning at the .05 level of statistical significance. 2) The students’ satisfaction toward learning through pictorial Chinese character media linking meanings was at the highest level, with a mean score of 4.75 and a standard deviation of 0.47. These findings can be attributed to the researcher’s integration of newly developed knowledge obtained through an analysis of the instructional process for Chinese vocabulary translation through pictorial Chinese character media linked to meaning, under the Chinese Character Meaning-Linking Visual Model (CCM-Model). Which places pictorial Chinese characters at the center of instruction and employs visual perception for interpretation and imagination to enable students to link the meanings of vocabulary. Which places pictorial Chinese characters at the center of instruction and employs visual perception for interpretation and imagination to enable students to link the meanings of vocabulary. Through practice in accurately translating vocabulary within simple contexts, students’ learning outcomes improved. As a result, students experienced greater enjoyment and higher levels of satisfaction in learning.

Relationship Between Participatory Management and Academic Effectiveness of Schools in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group, Suphan Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Kanchana Kanrapukdee — 2026-03-31

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the level of participatory management of schools in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group 2) to study the level of academic effectiveness of schools in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group, 3) to study the relationship between participatory management and academic effectiveness in schools in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group under Suphan Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. This study employed a quantitative research design utilizing a survey methodology. The population consisted of 156 school administrators and teachers in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group during the academic year 2025. The sample group consisted of 113 participants, selected via multi-stage random sampling based on school size, followed by simple random sampling. The research instrument was a 5-level rating scale questionnaire, validated for content validity by five experts with an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index between 0.80 – 1.00 and a total reliability coefficient of .982. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. The research findings were as follows 1) The level of participatory management of schools in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group was overall at a high level of participation (=4.31). When considering each aspect, the highest mean score was found in setting goals and objectives together, while the lowest mean score was in autonomy in work responsibility. 2) The level of academic effectiveness of schools in the Chedi Yutthahatthi Group was overall at a high level of participation (=4.25). When considering each aspect, the highest mean score was found in the development of learning processes, while the lowest mean score was in research for educational quality development. 3) The relationship between participatory management and academic effectiveness was positive at a relatively high level of participation (r=.782) with statistical significance at the.01 level. These findings suggest that fostering participation in goal setting and building trust are crucial factors in enhancing the academic quality of educational institutions.

The Influence of Naga Beliefs Related to Buddhism in Cambodia

Naddhira Sridee — 2026-03-31

This qualitative research investigates the concepts and beliefs surrounding the Naga King in communities along both sides of the Mekong River and in Cambodia. Its objective is to study the role of the Naga King as a sacred being and a deity of water, as well as to analyze the influence of this belief on the communities' way of life and culture. The study found that: The communities along the Mekong River view the Phaya Naga as a powerful sacred entity, believing it can bring about abundance and rain. This belief is reflected in various rituals and architectural works in temples, where Naga statues are often found, signifying a connection to Buddhism. The belief in the Phaya Naga in Cambodia stems from three main sources: indigenous beliefs that they are descended from the Naga, as told in the legend of Preah Thong and Neang Neak; Brahmanic beliefs that see the Naga as a deity; and Buddhist beliefs that view the Naga as a protector of the religion. Therefore, the Naga symbol appears in art and ancient sites as a representation of ancestry, auspiciousness, and abundance. The belief in the Phaya Naga has been deeply integrated into people's lives and religions, influencing various rituals. It has also become a crucial part of the long-standing culture, for example, the practice of calling a man who is about to be ordained a “Nak,” which reflects the seamless integration of traditional beliefs with Buddhist principles and their continued existence as part of the Mekong communities' way of life to this day.

The Development of Reading Comprehension Thai Language by Using Brain Based Learning and Game Technique of First Grade Students

Jutharath Wongpakdee — 2026-03-31

This research article aims to (1) compare Grade 1 students’ reading comprehension before and after learning through brain-based learning integrated with game techniques, (2) the study students’ satisfaction toward the use of brain-based learning integrated with game techniques. This research was experimental research. The sample group was Grade 1 students from Watbangkado School (Samakkhiwitthayakhan) in the first semester of the 2025 academic year, a total of 20 people. by simple random sampling, using the school as the sampling unit. The research instruments were (1) learning management plan using brain-based learning integrated with game techniques, (2) the reading comprehension test, (3) a student satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used mean (M), standarddeviation (SD), and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results of the research found that: 1) The reading comprehension ability of Grade 1 students taught through brain-based learning integrated with game techniques were significantly higher posttest scores (M = 13.70, SD = 2.34) than pretest scores (M = 7.05, SD = 2.09) at the .05 level of significance., 2) The student’s satisfaction with brain-based learning integrated with game techniques was at the high level (M = 2.82, SD = 0.16).

The Relationship Between the Innovative Leadership of Administrators and the Effectiveness of Educational Institutions’ Academic Innovative Areas in Satun Province

Farouq Abdurrashed Manthaweewat — 2026-03-31

This research article aims to 1) study the level of innovative leadership of school administrators, 2) examine the level of effectiveness of the academic innovative areas of educational institutions, 3) investigate the relationship between the innovative leadership of administrators and the effectiveness of the academic innovative areas of educational institutions, and 4) identify guidelines for developing innovative leadership to enhance the effectiveness of the academic innovative areas of educational institutions in Satun Province. This research employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The population for the quantitative phase consisted of 412 teachers from 22 academic innovative areas of educational institutions during the academic year 2025. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table, yielding a total of 199 participants. A questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for quantitative data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient. For the qualitative phase, eight experts associated with the academic innovative areas of educational institutions were selected as key informants. A Semi -structured interview form was used as the primary instrument for data collection. Qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. The results showed that 1) The overall innovative leadership of the academic innovative areas of educational institutions was at a high level, 2) the overall effectiveness of the academic innovative areas of educational institutions was also at a high level, 3) regarding the relationship between the innovative leadership of administrators and the effectiveness of the academic innovative areas of educational institutions, there was a significant positive relationship at a high level, with statistical significance at the .01 level (r_xy = .892**), 4) guidelines for developing innovative leadership to enhance school effectiveness suggested that policies should be established to improve strategic analytical thinking skills through workshops, innovative buddy networks, and mobile Professional Learning Community (PLC) activities.

The Development of Analytical Skills of Nine Grade Students by Using 7E Learning Cycle and Case Study

Nanthawan Wongsapcharoen — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to 1) enhance the analytical skills by using 7E learning cycle and case study. 2) compare the academic achievement in genetics of grade 9 students before and after instruction using the 7-step learning cycle model combined with case studies. 3) study student’s satisfaction towards the 7E learning cycle and case study. This research is an experimental study. The sample group consisted of 11 students in the 3rd year of secondary school at Wat Nong Suea School, Tha Muang District, Kanchanaburi Province, during the first semester of the 2025 academic year. The sample was obtained using cluster random sampling, with the school as the sampling unit.The instruments used for collecting data consisted of: 1) lesson plan 2) the analytical skills test 3) an achievement test and 4) the satisfaction questionnaire of the development of analytical skill. The statistics used to analyze the data were mean (M), standard deviation (SD), One-way ANOVA repeated measures and dependent t-test analysis. The research revealed that 1) The Analytical Skills of students learning by using 7E learning cycle and case study has increased with statistical significance at .05 level. 2) The academic achievement in genetics of nine grade students after instruction using the 7-step learning cycle model combined with case studies showed a statistically significant difference (M = 13.91, SD = 2.43) in the average score (M = 5.91, SD = 1.51) at the .05 level. 3) The overall satisfaction of nine grade students with the learning management using the 7-step learning cycle combined with case studies was at a high level (M = 4.44, SD = 0.26).

Developing English Sentence Writing Skills Using the 2W3P Instructional Model Combined with Skill Practice Sets for Grade 7 Students

Nurlaila Areeyu — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to: 1) compare the English sentence writing skills of Grade 7 students after using the 2W3P Instructional Model combined with Skill Practice Sets against the 80 percent criterion, 2) compare the English sentence writing skills of Grade 7 students before and after using the 2W3P Instructional Model combined with Skill Practice Sets, 3) study the satisfaction of students toward using the 2W3P Instructional Model combined with Skill Practice Sets. This research was an experimental research. The population comprised 106 Grade 7 students from 5 classrooms at Hatyaiwittayakarn School in the first semester of the academic year 2025. The sample was 24 students from Grade 7/2 classroom, obtained by simple random sampling with drawing lots. The instruments included the 2W3P lesson plans combined with a skills training kit, an achievement test, and a satisfaction questionnaire with 20 items, each having a content validity index between 0.67-1.00. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and mean comparison. The research findings revealed that: 1. The students' English sentence writing skills after using the 2W3P Instructional Model combined with Skill Practice Sets were higher than the 80 percent criterion with statistical significance at the 0.5 level (mean = 16.79), which confirmed the hypothesis. 2. The students' English sentence writing skills after learning were higher than before learning with statistical significance at the 0.1 level, with the post-learning mean score (16.79) higher than the pre-learning mean score (8.54), which confirmed the hypothesis. And 3. The students' satisfaction toward this instructional approach had a mean of 4.05, which was at a high level.

The Leadership in the Digital Era of Administrators Affecting the Knowledge Competencies of Innovation and Technology for Teachers in Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Rawitsara Junrodpai — 2026-03-31

This research article aims to 1) Studied the level of digital era leadership of administrators. 2) Studied the level of knowledge competencies of innovation and technology for teachers 3) study the impact of digital leadership on these competencies,4) study guidelines for enhancing digital leadership among school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. This research employed a mixed - methods approach. The sample consisted of 277 teachers under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 during the academic year 2025. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and participants were selected through simple random sampling using a computerized randomization procedure. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a content validity index of 1.00 for all items and an overall reliability coefficient of .990, part 2 yielding a reliability coefficient of .988 and part 3 yielding .984. In addition, qualitative data were obtained through semi - structured interviews with five school administrators who served as key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and enter multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The digital era leadership of administrators was overall at a high level. 2) The knowledge competencies of innovation and technology for teachers was overall at a high level. 3) The digital era leadership of administrators affecting the knowledge competencies of innovation and technology for teachers at the .001 level of statistical significance were the dimension of promoting participation and personnel potential development, and the dimension of professional excellence development. These dimensions could be predicted up to 67.70 percent. 4) The approach to enhancing digital leadership involves administrators establishing a clear policy vision, providing resources, and fostering a digital learning culture to develop sustainable competencies, resulting in tangible educational outcomes at both the school and national levels.

The Development of Students’ Social Skills Behavior based on The Four Brahmavihara: A Case Study of Grade 12 Students at Phatongprathankhiriwat School, Hatyai District, Songkhla Province

PhraMaha Luesak Rujitthammo — 2026-03-31

This research article aims to 1) study the development of students' social skills 2) study the Four Brahmavihara in Theravada Buddhism 3) analyze the development of students' social skills using the Four Brahmavihara: a case study of Grade 12 students at Patongprathankiriwat School, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. This qualitative research involved in-depth interviews with 22 informants, including homeroom teachers, subject teachers, guidance counselors, students, and parents, along with research from the Tripitaka, other Buddhist texts, and other research papers. The research instrument was a structured in-depth interview questionnaire. Data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) The development of students' social skills focuses on promoting the ability to coexist appropriately with others, encompassing five areas: communication, interpersonal relationships, conflict resolution, emotional and behavioral control, and adaptation. The school implemented concrete learning activities such as group work, discussions, and volunteer activities, providing students with opportunities to practice communication, listening, and collaborative problem-solving, resulting in improved co-existence behaviors. 2) Regarding the Four Brahmavihara, they form a crucial foundation for social behavior development. Metta (loving-kindness) promotes constructive communication; Karuna (compassion) develops empathy; Mudita (sympathetic joy) cultivates a positive attitude towards the success of others. And equanimity helps in controlling emotions and maintaining appropriate neutrality. 3) Integrating the Four Brahmavihara into learning activities helps students exhibit more appropriate behaviors, such as helping each other, listening, forgiving, and self-control. The classroom atmosphere therefore becomes more cooperative and understanding, reflecting that practicing the Four Brahmavihara can concretely promote social skills and desirable characteristics in learners.

The Relationship Between Digital Leadership of Institution Administrators with Educational Effectiveness Under Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Panisra Boongaew — 2026-03-31

This research article aimed to: 1) examine the level of digital leadership under the Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, 2) investigate the level of school effectiveness under the same office 2, and 3) explore the relationship between the digital leadership of school administrators and school effectiveness. This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample group consisted of 296 teachers in schools under the Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 during the 2025 academic year. The data collection yielded an overall reliability coefficient of 0.982. Statistical methods used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results revealed that 1) the overall level of digital leadership among school administrators was at a high level. 2) The overall level of school effectiveness was found to be at the highest level, with the highest mean score in developing students’ positive attitudes, 3) The relationship between digital leadership of school administrators and school effectiveness was found to be positively correlated at a high level, with statistical significance at the .01 level (r = .633**).

Āyuvaddhana: Integrating Buddhism with Science of Longevity

Artittaya Dithipen — 2026-03-31

This article aims to investigate the concept of longevity in Theravada Buddhism, establishing a correlation with the Dhamma principles found in the Ayuvaddhana Kumara Jataka, and providing a comparative analysis with the science of longevity in the modern era through a qualitative study of relevant documents and literature. The findings reveal that longevity in the Buddhist perspective is not measured solely by empirical chronological years, but is inherently linked to two causal factors: the physical dimension, which emphasizes the observance of Panatipata (abstaining from taking life) and the cultivation of Sappaya (conducive environments); and the mental dimension, which focuses on the quality of life through moral virtues such as Hiri-Ottappa (moral shame and dread) and the development of Panna (wisdom). Conversely, modern science emphasizes life extension through genetic and cellular studies, specifically the roles of telomeres and the telomerase enzyme in decelerating cellular senescence. Nevertheless, contemporary research identifies a significant commonality: the maintenance of telomere length is determined not only by genetics but also by lifestyle behaviors and meditation, which mitigate stress and positively influence DNA alterations. The integration of these two bodies of knowledge suggests that the principles of longevity in the Ayuvaddhana Kumara Jataka—which emphasize humility, respect, and the chanting of Parittas—serve as ethical devices to cultivate a wholesome mental state (Kusala-citta). This aligns with the concepts of proactive disease prevention and holistic well-being. The conclusion of this article, therefore, proposes a conceptual framework for sustainable life enhancement, asserting that authentic longevity is a life nourished by virtue, representing a balance between physical advancement and spiritual elevation in contemporary society.