The Journal of Institute of Trainer Monk Development

The Factors Affecting Ordination: A Case Study of Buddhists in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province

Phrasongkord Thawaro (Promjinda) — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study the factors affecting ordination and compare them by classifying according to personal factors. 2) study the suggestions on the problems and solutions to the factors affecting ordination. This objective is a case study of Buddhists in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province. This research is quantitative research, which is a sample group of 238 monks and novices in the area out of 628 monks and novices in the area. The sample size criteria were used from the Krejcie and Morgan table. The questionnaire was used with questions that were consistent with the objectives of this research. There were 4 questionnaires about the personal information of the respondents, 30 questions about the research topic, and 3 open-ended questions. The questionnaire was created from the study of documents and related research. The statistics used in the research were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and simple correlation coefficient. The research results found that 1) the factor affecting ordination in terms of self-determination had the highest mean ( = 4.43, S.D = 0.23), followed by the influence of others with the mean ( = 4.36, S.D = 0.31), and the influence of mass media had the lowest mean ( = 4.31, S.D = 0.31). The different personal factors affecting ordination did not affect ordination. 2) The collection of suggestions for factors affecting ordination found that self-determination had the highest influence, including the promotion of education before and during ordination to truly understand the principles of Dhamma and the strict examination of the background of those who will ordain. The next most frequent was the promotion or assistance in various arrangements for those who want to ordain and the promotion to truly understand ordination. The influence of mass media had the least frequency, which was the dissemination of correct information about Buddhism.

The Development of Problem-Solving Skills Through the Inquiry-Based Learning (5E) Integrated with Board Game of Fifty-Year Primary Students

Thidarat Tadsaichol — 2025-12-27

The objectives of this research were: 1) to compare problem-solving skills before and after implementing inquiry-based learning (5E) with board games for fifth-grade students, 2) to compare problem-solving skills between students taught using inquiry-based learning (5E) with board games and those taught using only inquiry-based learning (5E), and 3) to study students' satisfaction with inquiry-based learning (5E) with board games. The population consisted of 180 fifth-grade students at Muslim Santitham Foundation School in the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample group included fifth-grade students selected through cluster random sampling by drawing lots. Class 5/4, consisting of 34 students, served as the control group, while Class 5/2, consisting of 34 students, served as the experimental group. The research instruments were: 1) learning management plans using inquiry-based learning (5E) with board games, 2) learning management plans using inquiry-based learning (5E), 3) a problem-solving skills assessment, and 4) a student satisfaction questionnaire regarding inquiry-based learning (5E) with board games. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and hypothesis testing using independent t-test. The research findings revealed that: 1) problem-solving skills significantly improved after implementing 5E with board games (p<.01), 2) students taught using 5E with board games demonstrated significantly higher problem-solving skills than those taught using 5E alone (p<.01), and 3) student satisfaction with 5E learning with board games was at the highest level.

Multicultural Leadership of School Administrators Under the Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 3

Metta Nakkaphan — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to 1) study the level of the multicultural leadership of school administrators under the Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 and 2) compare the multicultural leadership of school administrators under the Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, classified by gender, position, work experience, and school size. This research is quantitative research. The samples used in the research are school administrators and teachers. The method of stratified random sampling is based on the size of the school compared to the sample group and simple random sampling. The instrument used to collect data was a rating scale questionnaire with an IOC value of 0.67-1 and a reliability level of 0.97. The statistics used in data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and Scheffe's Method. The findings of the independent study showed that: 1. The level of the multicultural leadership of school administrators under the Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, overall and individual aspects, was high (𝑥̅ = 4.26, S.D. = 0.42). 2. The comparison of the multicultural leadership of school administrators under the Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, classified by gender, position, work experience, and school size showed that gender, position, work experience overall and individual aspects had no significant difference. As for school size, the level of the multicultural leadership of school administrators, overall and individual aspects were found statically significant difference at the .05 level.

Strategic System for Propagating Buddhism Among Monks at Thai Temples in Germany

Jirarak Inthanapichit — 2025-12-27

This research aims to 1) study the Buddhist propagation strategy system in Germany 2) develop the Buddhist propagation strategy system in Germany and 3) test and evaluate or certify the quality of the development of the Buddhist propagation strategy system by qualified persons in Germany and 4) to propose a strategic approach for propagating Buddhism among Thai monks in Germany as a research and development project. The sample group of key informants was 10 Thai monks who were missionaries in Germany and 5 Buddhist experts, totaling 15 monks/persons. The research method was purposive sampling. The research instrument was a structured interview with key informants. Qualitative data were analyzed by document analysis, content analysis, and focus group discussions.The research results found that 1. The strategic system for propagating Buddhism among Thai monks in Germany has 5 components: 1) Control, 2) Input, 3) Buddhism propagation process, 4) Output, and 5) Feedback. 2. Developing a strategic system for propagating Buddhism among Thai monks in Germany will require determining the content of the sermons to be given, using Buddhist principles as a strategic system, including: 1) Satipatthana principles, 2) Anapanasati principles, 3) Bhavana principles, and 4) Tri-sikkha principles. 3. Testing and evaluation or certification of quality from qualified persons of the development of a strategic system for propagating Buddhism among Thai monks in Germany found that overall, all aspects are at the highest level. 4. Strategic system approach for propagation: Knowledge/findings from this research, namely the ‘Strategic System for Propagation of Buddhism’: SASBAS System, will be useful and can be applied to Thai temples in other states of Germany.

The Leadership’s Scenario According to Buddhist Morality of the Education al Institution Administrations, Elementary Level, Under the Office of the Basic Education Commission

Kamolchai Paipech — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to: 1) study the components of leadership in terms of perspective according to Buddhist principles of primary school administrators. 2) develop a perspective leadership model based on Buddhist principles for primary school administrators and 3) confirm the perspective leadership model according to Buddhist principles of primary school administrators under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. Data were collected using a 5-level rating scale with a reliability of 0.983 from a sample group, including the sample group used in this research study. The sample size of the schools was determined by stratified random sampling. The sample size was determined from the sample size estimation table of Krejcie and Morgan. The sample size was 379 schools. The research results found that: 1. The variable of leadership in terms of perspective according to Buddhist principles of primary school administrators found that there were 5 components and 60 variables: 1) Leadership characteristics according to the scenario, 2) Buddhist principles of administrators according to the scenario, 3) Jointly defining the scenario, 4) Working according to the scenario, and 5) Dissemination of the scenario and explain the details of the components of leadership in terms of perspective according to Buddhist principles of primary school administrators. 2. The results of developing a vision-based leadership model include leadership characteristics according to the vision, Buddhist principles of administrators according to the vision, joint determination of the vision, work operations according to the vision, and dissemination of the vision. 3. From the confirmation of the 5-component model, overall, there is a utility standard, a feasibility standard, a suitability standard, and a standard of evaluation accuracy.

Designing a Thinking-Based Learning Ecosystem to Promote Moral Citizenship in Upper Secondary Education

Monta Jumpaluang — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to investigate the level of knowledge and understanding of moral values among upper secondary school students through the application of moral reasoning after participating in six structured thinking activities. The study employed a mixed methods research design, with the target group consisting of 58 upper secondary students from two schools in Phetchaburi Province. Data collection was conducted using a moral-situation-based questionnaire. Statistical methods used included mean, standard deviation, t-test, and content analysis. The findings revealed that students from Thayang Witthaya School and Wat Chantharawat (Sukprasarnrat) School demonstrated a high level of knowledge and understanding of moral values, with mean scores of (𝑥̄ = 4.43 and 𝑥̄ = 4.35) respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.975, Sig. = 0.352). The integration of a moral learning ecosystem through six thinking processes-Comparing Thinking, Inferring Thinking, Analysis & Interpretation, Moral Behavior Creativity Camp, and Moral Storytelling-played a key role in promoting students’ participation, reflective thinking, and moral behavior expression. As a result, students developed into moral role models capable of producing creative media that disseminates moral values to the wider community. This approach can be effectively and efficiently adapted for implementation in other school contexts.

Cost-Effective Resource Management System According to Buddhism to Promote Household Income in Wat Chomphuwek Community, Tha Sai Subdistrict, Mueang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province

PhraSamu Suthiphong Siriwattano — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study the knowledge about the resource management system for value-for-money according to Buddhism and 2) develop the resource management system for value-for-money according to Buddhism. 3) Evaluate the efficiency of the resource management system in accordance with Buddhism and 4) propose guidelines for the resource management system in accordance with Buddhism to promote household income of the Wat Chomphuwek community, Tha Sai Subdistrict, Mueang Nonthaburi District, Nonthaburi Province the research design was research and development. The sample group consisted of 381 members of the Chomphuwek Temple Community Committee. The key informants included the president, vice president, and 9 members of the Chomphuwek Temple Community Committee. The selection method was purposive. The research instruments were a questionnaire on the management of community resources of Chomphu Wek Temple in 4 dimensions, with a reliability of 0.81, and an interview form on the management system of valuable community resources of Chomphu Wek Temple. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation statistics. The research results found that 1. Knowledge about the resource management system in line with Buddhism: Chomphuwek Temple Community, including 1) the principle of Bhokavibhaga, 2) the principle of Contentment, and 3) the principle of Ditthadhammikattha. 2. Developing a resource management system that is worthwhile according to Buddhism principles. It was found that 1) the planning aspect was at the highest level overall. 2) the implementation aspect was at the highest level overall. 3) In terms of evaluation and control, all items are at a high level. 4) In terms of improvement, correction and development, all items are at the highest level. 3. Evaluating the efficiency of the resource management system in accordance with Buddhism found that the most appropriate item was the one that was most consistent with the theoretical concept. And 4. Guidelines for resource management in accordance with Buddhism found that resource management in accordance with the 3R theory includes: 1) Reduce, which is reducing current usage by using products with a long lifespan. 2) Reuse is to bring things that have been used but can still be used again. 3) Recycle is to choose to use resources that can be reused. Keywords: Cost-effective resource management; Resource management system; Promote household income.

Development of a Professional Learning Community (PLC) with Multiple Method Coaching Mixed Technology Model to Enhance the Ability of Authentic Developmental Assessment of Childhood Teacher

Nuttika Suriyawong — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to 1) study the basic information and the need of development of a professional learning community model and 2) develop and find quality of a professional learning community (PLC) with multiple method coaching mixed technology model to enhance the ability of authentic developmental assessment of childhood teacher. This research was conducted using mixed methods research design. The target group consisted of 1) 106 Childhood teachers which are separated into 1.1) 100 teachers for needs assessment. 1.2) 6 teachers for the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). 2) 5 Experts, 3) 7 Specialists. Research instruments included 1) Document analysis forms, 2) A needs assessment questionnaire 3) Discussion guidelines for focus groups, 4) Expert interview form, 5) An evaluation form to validate the quality of the professional learning community model. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis, mean, standard deviation, the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI Modified), and t-test. The research revealed that 1) the study on fundamental information and the need for a professional learning community model revealed that such a model should involve all members in establishing goals, vision, identifying problems, and forming shared practices. The presence of knowledgeable individuals or coaches is essential to guide development. Technology should be employed as a tool to facilitate the operations of the PLC, support knowledge exchange, and disseminate knowledge that enhances the ability of authentic developmental assessment. Technology also helps in reviewing knowledge and enables reflective thinking and learning anytime, anywhere. The comparison of each aspect was found that the average level of expectations is higher than the current situation in all aspects. 2) The developed PLC model, referred to as the 5S Model, consists of six components which are 1) principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Processes, 4) Measurement and Evaluation, 5) Key Conditions for Implementation, 6) Supporting Systems. The overall result of checking the model’s quality and appropriateness were rated at the highest level.

The Human Resource Management Model in Small-Sized Schools Under the Office of Basic Education Commission

Kulthida Lamjaroensub — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) examine the variables relevant to human resource management in small-sized schools, 2) develop a human resource management model in small-sized schools, and 3) evaluate the human resource management model in small-sized schools under the Office of Basic Education Commission. This research employs a mixed-methods approach. The sample consists of 374 small-sized schools under the Office of Basic Education Commission, with two respondents per school, totaling 748 respondents. The data collection tools include interviews, questionnaires, evaluation forms, and validation tools. Statistical methods used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1. The analysis of HRM variables resulted in a questionnaire with 96 items, yielding an overall reliability coefficient of 0.986. 2. The developed HRM model consisted of six core components: (1) performance evaluation; (2) recruitment and selection; (3) motivation and morale enhancement; (4) operational planning; (5) professional development; and (6) collaborative workforce planning. 3. The evaluation of the model demonstrated that it meets the standards of utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy. The evaluation results align with theoretical research concepts, achieving a 100% approval rate.

Integrated Learning Management Model in Thai Language Subject by the Threefold Training (Tri Sikkha) to Promote Learning and Works Creative Skills for Mathayom 4 Students, Phra Nakorn Si Ayutthaya Province

PhrakhuSamuVachiravich Ṭhitavaṃso (Pattarakiattinan) — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study the current situation and necessity of integrated learning management in Thai language subjects based on the Tri-sikkha principle. 2) Design an integrated learning management model for Thai language subjects based on the Tri-sikkha principles. 3) Experiment with the integrated learning management model for Thai language subjects based on the Tri-sikkha principles and 4) Evaluate the integrated learning management model in Thai language subjects based on the Tri-sikkha principles to promote learning skills and creative work of Mathayom 4 students in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. This research was used as a research and development. The sample group was 181 high school students from Wang Noi School (Phanomyong Witthaya). They were randomly selected by R.V.Krejcie & D.W.Morgan. The instruments used were 1) a document analysis form related to the integrated learning management model, and 2) a 30-item questionnaire on opinions about the current state of teaching and learning activities. 3) The interview form is in the form of a final question about integrated learning management and 4) the quality assurance form of the learning management model. The statistics used are content analysis, mean, and standard deviation. The research results found that 1. The results of the basic data analysis were about the integrated learning management in the Thai language subject according to the Tri-sikkha principle to promote learning skills and creative work of Mathayom 4 students in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The overall results were at a high level. 2. The integrated learning management model in Thai language subjects according to the Tri-sikkha principles found that the components of the model consist of 5 elements: principles, objectives, teaching and learning activities, measurement and evaluation, and supporting factors. Support 3. The results of the evaluation of the comparative learning skills and creative work of Mathayom 4/1 students after studying were significantly higher than before studying at the statistical significance level of .05. And the results of the evaluation of student satisfaction were at the highest level overall and 4. The results of the evaluation of the integrated learning management model in the Thai language subject according to the Tri-sikkha principles were at the highest level.

Developing Chinese Reading Comprehension and Cultural Understanding Skills through Question-Based Learning and Pyramid Infographic Techniques for Grade 12 Students

Laksika Sribunpot — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1. Study the development of Chinese reading comprehension skills 2. Study the development of Chinese culture understanding 3. Study the satisfaction towards question-based learning combined with pyramid infographics. This research was experimental-research. The sample group was Mathayom 6/8 students at Rattana Rat Bamrung School, Ratchaburi Province, the second semester of the 2024 academic year, one room, a total of 25 people. The tools used to collect data included 1) Learning management plan 2) Chinese reading comprehension test 3) Chinese culture understanding test 4) Satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used in data analysis included qualitative data analysis and one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, mean and standard deviation. The results of the research found that: 1. The development of Chinese reading comprehension skills through the learning management using question-based learning combined with pyramid infographics for Mathayom 6 students was at a higher level. 2. Development in understanding of Chinese culture by organizing the learning using the question-based approach combined with the pyramid infographic for the 6th grade high school students at a higher level. 3. The satisfaction with the learning using the question-based approach combined with the pyramid infographic for the 6th grade high school students at a very satisfactory level.

The Development of Creativity in Scientific Work and Selfregulation Skills Through The 5-Step Ladder Learning Model Combined with Reflective Thinking Techniques for Grade 4 Students

Nutthanan Sangchang — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to: (1) examine the development of scientific creativity among Grade 4 students through the implementation of the Five-Step Ladder Learning Model integrated with reflective thinking techniques; (2) investigate the development of self-regulation abilities among Grade 4 students using the same instructional approach; and (3) explore students’ perceptions toward the Five-Step Ladder Learning Model combined with reflective thinking techniques. The research design is experimental research. The sample group included 26 students from Grade 4/1, from Anubalwatlukkaeprachachanutis School during the second semester of the 2024 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments comprised: (1) three instructional plans based on the Five-Step Ladder Learning Model with reflective thinking techniques; (2) a scientific creativity assessment; (3) a self-regulation assessment; and (4) a student perception questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean (M), standard deviation (S.D.), repeated measures one-way ANOVA, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1. Students’ scientific creativity significantly improved after the intervention at the .05 level 2. Students’ self-regulation abilities also showed significant improvement at the .05 level 3. Students’ perceptions toward the instructional approach were at a high level.

Effects of a Five-Step Physical Education Learning Approach Combined with the Think Pair Share on Analytical Thinking and Combat Skills in Self-Defense Martial Arts Among High School Students

Chaisuk Jettanasen — 2025-12-27

This quasi-experimental research aimed to: 1) study the 5-step physical education learning management approach combined with peer tutoring technique, 2) compare analytical thinking skills and self-defense combat skills (Muay Thai) before and after instruction, and 3) compare analytical thinking skills and self-defense combat skills (Muay Thai) after instruction between the low-skill group and mixed-skill group receiving the 5-step physical education learning management approach combined with peer tutoring technique. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The sample consisted of Grade 11 students from Potisarnphittayakon School under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, categorized into a low-skill group (n=27) and a mixed-skill group (n=21), totaling 48 participants. The experimental instrument was the 5-step physical education learning management plan combined with peer tutoring technique. Data collection instruments included: 1) analytical thinking skills test, and 2) self-defense combat skills (Muay Thai) test. Statistical analyses employed were percentage, mean, standard deviation, Dependent Sample t-test, and One-Way ANCOVA. The findings revealed that post-instruction analytical thinking skills and self-defense combat skills (Muay Thai) were significantly higher than pre-instruction at the .05 level for both groups. Meanwhile, post-instruction, the mixed-skill group showed significantly greater improvement in both skills compared to the low-skill group at the .05 level across multiple components.

Synthesis of the Knowledge from Local Curriculum and Learning Activities in Social Studies Subject

Chamaiporn Jitjaiman — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to: 1) examine the characteristics of research related to curricula and local learning activities in social studies at the basic education level, and 2) synthesize knowledge about the curriculum and local learning activities in social studies at the basic education level. A qualitative content analysis methodology was employed. The sample consisted of 24 graduate-level theses selected from the ThaiLis database based on predetermined criteria. The research instruments included a research quality assessment form, a research characteristic recording form, and a coding book. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The research results found that: 1. most research focuses on the development and integration of local knowledge into the social studies learning process. Using a sample group at the primary and secondary levels, independent and dependent variables were determined in the cognitive domain, affective domain, and skill domain, especially academic achievement and work performance skills. 2. Knowledge synthesis indicates that curriculum development and learning activities should be linked to the context of the community, way of life, culture, and local resources by organizing various activities outside the classroom and using a variety of media, including assessment methods that cover many dimensions.

The Effect of Brain-Based Physical Education Instruction on Physical Literacy in Upper Primary School Students

Sirawit Pamanee — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to: 1) examine the effects of brain-based physical education instruction on physical literacy, 2) compare physical literacy before and after the implementation of brain-based physical education instruction, and 3) compare post-intervention physical literacy between an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 46 Grade 4 students from Chumchon Phu-Ruea School. The sample size was determined using G*Power software with an effect size of 0.5. The experimental tools included two instructional plans: one based on brain-based physical education instruction and the other following traditional five-step physical education instruction. The data collection instrument was a physical literacy assessment covering four components: (1) knowledge and understanding, (2) motivation and confidence, (3) physical competence, and (4) engagement in physical activity for life. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. The research findings revealed that: 1) Most students in the experimental group demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge and understanding (43.48%), high levels of motivation and confidence (56.52%), high physical competence (100%), and high engagement in physical activity (91.30%), while sedentary behavior was low (78.30%). 2) Physical literacy scores of students in the experimental group after the intervention were significantly higher than before the intervention at the .05 level. 3) Post-test results showed that students in the experimental group scored significantly higher than those in the control group in several components of physical literacy at the .05 level, except for engagement in physical activity for life, which was not different in the sedentary behavior issue.

Effects of the STAD Cooperative Learning Technique on Learning Achievement in Volleyball of Upper Seconding School Student

Jutarat Kaewkamyan — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to: 1) study the effect of cooperative learning using the STAD technique on the volleyball learning achievement of upper secondary school students. 2) compare the volleyball learning achievement before and after instruction in the group that received cooperative learning using the STAD technique and 3) compare the post-instruction learning achievement in volleyball between the group taught using the STAD cooperative learning technique and the group taught using the five-step physical education instructional model. This research employed a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 70 Grade 11 students which received cooperative learning, and a control group, which received the 5-step physical education learning model. The instruments used in the study included a volleyball skills assessment, a volleyball knowledge test, an attitude questionnaire toward the volleyball subject, and a desirable characteristics assessment. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, paired sample t-test, one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANCOVA. The results revealed that: 1) The STAD cooperative learning technique affects the learning achievement in volleyball of upper secondary school students. 2) The post-instruction volleyball learning achievement of Grade 11 students taught through the STAD cooperative learning technique was significantly higher than their pre-instruction achievement, at the 0.05 level of significance. 3) The post-learning achievement in volleyball of Grade 11 students who received instruction through the STAD cooperative learning technique was significantly higher than that of students who received instruction through the five-step physical education model, at the 0.05 level of statistical significance.

Effects of the SBD Stretching Program on Flexibility and Range of Motion in Lower Secondary School Students

Pornjira TinThan — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to: 1) study and compare the effects of the SBD Stretching program on flexibility and range of motion in lower secondary school students at the pre- and post-training stages. 2) study and compare the post-training effects of the SBD Stretching program on flexibility and range of motion between experimental groups of lower secondary school students. This research is a quasi-experimental study. The population and sample consisted of male first-year secondary school students, who were selected through purposive sampling based on their Sit and Reach Test scores. Students with scores less than 5 centimeters were chosen and divided into three experimental groups, with 15 students in each group. The research instruments included the SBD program, which was used for data collection over eight weeks, the Sit and Reach Test, and the Range of Motion Test. The statistical methods used for data analysis were the mean, standard deviation, one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and multiple pairwise comparison tests using Bonferroni’s method. The findings were as follows: 1) Flexibility and range of motion of lower secondary school students significantly improved post-training, with a statistically significant level of .05. 2) Between-group comparison of flexibility and range of motion indicated that experimental group 3 was better than experimental groups 1 and 2 with a statistically significant level of .05. The left and right hip joint range of motion indicated that experimental groups 2 and 3 were better than experimental group 1, with a statistically significant level of .05. The hip joint movement angles of experimental groups 2 and 3 were significantly better than those of experimental group 1 at the .05 level. As for the knee and ankle joint movement angles, the three experimental groups were not different.

Competencies of Educational Administrators in Driving the Policy of Good Learning with Happiness in Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Phutawan Srisaikosol — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study competencies of educational administrators in driving the policy of good learning with happiness in Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, 2) compare competencies of educational administrators in driving the policy of good learning with happiness in Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, classified by gender, position, education level, and work experience. This research is quantitative research. The population is 167 personnel under the Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample consists of 117 educational personnel, calculated using the Krejci and Morgan formula. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The statistical methods used included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and Scheffe's method for multiple comparison. The results of this study found that 1) competencies of educational administrators in driving the policy of good learning with happiness in Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, overall, was high. Considering each aspect, the highest mean score was found in ethics, morality, and professional code of conduct, followed by educational administration, promotion of educational quality, and the lowest was academic leadership, 2) the comparison of competencies of educational administrators in driving the policy of good learning with happiness in Pattani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, classified by gender, position, education level, and work experience revealed that education level and position showed no significant differences overall, while gender and work experience showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level.

The Academic Affairs Administration Model in the New Normal in Schools Under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the Official Inspection Region 3

Kamonnat Nawabhop — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to: 1) study the current conditions of the academic affairs administration model in the new normal 2) develop the academic affairs administration model in the new normal and 3) evaluate the academic affairs administration model in the new normal in schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the Official Inspection Region 3. This research employs a mixed-methods approach. The population consisted of 1,499 schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, Inspectorate Region 3. The sample included 306 schools, with two respondents per school, totaling 612 respondents. The instruments used were interviews, questionnaires, and formative assessments. The questionnaire had a reliability value of 0.97 and an average content consistency and validity of 0.91. The statistics used included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and exploratory factor analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1. The academic affairs administration in the new normal consists of 108 initial variables. After undergoing the research analysis process, 55 variables remained. 2. The academic affairs administration model in new normal at school under the office of the basic education commission in the official inspection region 3, consists of key components: concepts and principles, objectives, implementation methods, conditions for successful implementation, and the model evaluation approach. The implementation methods are based on 41 variables that were determined to be appropriate through analytical processes. These variables are organized into seven components: (1) Adaptation in terms of policies, personnel, and curriculum; (2) Enhancement of media, innovation, and technology efficiency; (3) Promotion of appropriate learning management processes; (4) Strengthening preparedness and resilience in response to emerging situations; (5) Implementation of learning assessment processes aligned with the new normal; (6) Promotion of the design of learning activities suited to the new normal; and (7) Development of supervision and internal quality assurance through Professional Learning Community (PLC) processes. 3. The model was evaluated by experts in four aspects: accuracy, appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness, with all aspects receiving a frequency score of 7, accounting for 100%.

A Study of the Concepts and Principles of Propagating Buddhism of Thai Monks in Arizona, The United States of America

Narong Seiyngdi — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study the concepts and principles of propagation of Buddhism among Thai monks in the United States; 2) study the problems and obstacles in propagation of Buddhism among Thai monks in the United States and 3) Presenting the guidelines for propagating Buddhism among Thai monks in Arizona, USA. The research design was qualitative research. The samples consisted of 5 missionary monks and 4 Thai-American Buddhist experts, totaling 9 monks/people, using purposive selection. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview form, divided into 2 parts: Part 1: General information of the interviewees; Part 2: Interview form regarding the ideas and principles of propagation of Thai monks in Arizona, USA. Analyze the interview content and write a descriptive essay. The research results were found as follows; 1. Concepts and principles of propagating Buddhism by Thai monks in Arizona. The United States includes public access, public participation, Development of public, Knowledge and happiness of the people. 2. Problems and obstacles in the propagation of Buddhism by Thai monks are as follows: 1) Methods of propagation: personnel with appropriate qualifications should be produced; places for practicing Dhamma should be created that are appropriate to the way of life of Westerners; media should be produced that are appropriate to the needs of Westerners. 2) The content of the teachings should emphasize principles that can be proven with common reason at present. Avoid principles related to beliefs that cannot be proven by current scientific principles and 3) The target group for dissemination should focus on the local people of the country who are interested in Buddhism as their foundation and organize the principles of Dharma appropriate to the interests of the learners. 3. Guidelines for propagating Buddhism by Thai monks include (1) Organize seminars and workshops. (2) Strategies to emphasize public participation. (3) Strategies to teach to create happiness in the mind. (4) Adjust perception techniques to easily understand Buddhist teachings. (5) Use social media.

Secondary School Management Strategies on Eastern Economic Corridor for Sustainable Development

Boonlue Kamtawai — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study the current and desirable conditions of secondary school administration in the Eastern Special Development Zone for sustainable development, 2) develop strategies for the administration of secondary schools in the Eastern Special Development Zone for sustainable development, and 3) evaluate and approve strategies for the administration of secondary schools in the Eastern Special Development Zone for sustainable development. This research is mixed-method research. The population is 79 secondary schools in the Eastern Special Development Zone. The sample group in this research was determined by opening the Krejcie and Morgan table, resulting in a total sample of 66 schools. The instrument used to collect data is the questionnaire on the current and desirable conditions of secondary school administration in the Eastern Special Development Zone for sustainable development, which is a 5-level assessment form with a reliability of 0.97. The statistical methods used to analyze the data are the mean, standard deviation, and PNI Modified index. The research results found that 1. The current state of school administration was at a high level ( = 4.39, S.D. = 0.43), with the aspect of monitoring and evaluation having the highest mean value at a high level ( = 4.45, S.D. = 0.56), and the desired state of school administration was at the highest level ( = 4.61, S.D. = 0.35), with the aspect of monitoring and evaluation having the highest mean value at the highest level ( = 4.64, S.D. = 0.42). 2. The school administration strategies had 3 main strategies: (1) Promote learners to create jobs and have a good quality of life, (2) Create a learning society, and (3) Promote learning management to enhance quality of life that is friendly to the environment. There were 9 secondary strategies and 43 implementation methods. 3. The evaluation and approval of the secondary school management strategies found that they were most appropriate ( = 4.63) and most feasible ( = 4.63).

A Development System of Learning Activities to Promote Life Skills of Senior Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Based on the Four Noble Truths for Lower Secondary Students in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

Bunyanuch Sookrang — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to 1) study the knowledge about learning activity development system, 2) create learning activity development system activities, 3) test learning activity development system activities, and 4) evaluate learning activity development system. The researcher used a research and development design. The population was divided into 2 groups: 1. Key informants included directors, teachers, and experts, totaling 16 people. 2. The sample group consisted of 118 Mathayom 3 students in the first semester of the academic year 2024 at Wat Yai Chai Mongkol School (Phawanarangsi), obtained by simple random sampling using level as the sampling unit. The research instruments were semi-structured interview form and the learning activity development system to enhance the life skills of Boy Scouts - Girl Guides. Data analysis included percentage, mean, standard deviation and descriptive analysis. The research results found that 1. Study of knowledge about the activity development system, consisting of 1) management, 2) buildings, 3) environment in educational institutions, 4) technology in education, and 5) measurement and evaluation. 2. Creating an activity development system consisting of 1) Oath and Rule activities, 2) Learning from Action activities, 3) Group system activities, 4) Activities using common symbols, and 5) Nature study activities for senior Boy and Girl Scouts. 3. The experiment of the development system of learning activities to enhance the life skills of the senior Boy Scouts and Girl Guides according to the principles of the Four Noble Truths found that students who have completed the training of the senior Boy Scouts and Girl Guides activities have increased life skills by 85 percent or more. Including responsibility, morality and ethics, strengthening unity, honesty, respect for others, participation, being a good leader and follower, discipline, public consciousness, decision-making, understanding the environment, and being environmentally friendly. 4. The overall assessment of the activity development system is at the highest level ( =4.62, S.D.=0.67)

Next Normal Leadership Indicators for Administrators Under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, Inspection Region 3

Prachayaporn Taengon — 2025-12-27

This research aimed to 1) study the components and indicators of Next-Normal Leadership of School Administrators, 2) test the consistency of the structural relationship model and verify the appropriateness of the component weights of the components of Next-Normal Leadership of School Administrators developed with empirical data. This research is quantitative. The population and sample consist of extended opportunity schools in Inspection Region 3 under the Office of the Basic Education Commission, academic year 2024, totaling 266 schools. The sample comprised 170 schools, Data were collected from one school administrator and four department heads or heads of academic subject groups per school, totaling at least 850 respondents. The research instrument was questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used, along with second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using a statistical software package to analyze the structural model. The research results found that: 1) The components, indicators and indicators of the Next Normal leadership of educational administrators, which were synthesized and developed, consist of 4 components, 18 index and 85 indicators. 2) The analysis of the measurement model for each indicator shows consistency with empirical data. It consists of 4 main components: personality, knowledge, abilities, vision, and morality, ethics, with 18 index and 85 indicators. The factor loadings of the main components ranged from 0.63 to 1.26, sub-components from 0.314 to 0.883, and indicators from 0.24 to 1.05, all within acceptable thresholds.

The Leadership Roles of School Administrators Affecting Participation Building in Schools Under the Jurisdiction of Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

chanatorn kalapakdee — 2025-12-27

This research aimed to: (1) examine the level of leadership roles of school administrators; (2) examine the level of participation building in schools; and (3) analyze the leadership roles of school administrators affecting participation building in schools. This research is survey research. The sample comprised 277 teachers from the school under the Jurisdiction of Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. Derived by proportional stratified random sampling as distributed by district. The research instrument was a questionnaire on the leadership roles of school administrators affecting participation building in schools under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 consisted of 55 items in total. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The research results showed that: 1) The overall leadership roles of school administrators were at the highest level each aspect was also at the highest level, these aspects were knowing the community, knowing moderation, knowing timing, knowing people, knowing goals, knowing principles and knowing oneself, respectively. 2) The overall participation building in schools was at the highest level each aspect was also at the highest level, these aspects were participative consultation, participative listening and participative information sharing, respectively, and 3) The leadership roles of school administrators in the aspects of knowing moderation (X4), knowing the community (X6), knowing principles (X1), and knowing goals (X2) were found to affect participation building in schools (_tot), collectively predicting 83.50% of the variance at a significance level of .05. The regression equation is: (_tot) = 0.78 + 0.251 (X₄) + 0.302 (X₆) + 0.135 (X₁) + 0.14 (X₂)

Development of Learning Achievement in Structural Mechanics 2 Course Using the CIPPA Instructional Model for Third-Year Vocational Certificate Students

Oma Dayama — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to: 1) compare the learning achievement using the CIPPA instructional model among third-year vocational certificate students before and after using the model, 2) compare the learning achievement using the CIPPA instructional model among third-year vocational certificate students with the 80 percent criterion, and 3) investigate students’ satisfaction with learning activities organized using the CIPPA instructional model. The sample used in the research consisted of 37 third-year vocational certificate students majoring in Building Construction at Satun Technical College during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected through simple random sampling. The research instruments included: 1) CIPPA model lesson plans, 2) an achievement test on "Reaction Forces" in the Structural Mechanics 2 course, and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire with the learning management of the topic "Reaction Forces" in the Structural Mechanics 2 course. The statistical analyses performed included the calculation of mean and standard deviation, as well as an independent t-test for hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that: 1) The results of comparing learning achievement before and after learning using the CIPPA instructional model among third-year vocational certificate students showed that the students' learning achievement after using the model was higher than before, statistically significant at the .05 level. 2) The results of comparing learning achievement among third-year vocational certificate students in Structural Mechanics 2 course after instruction using the CIPPA model showed that students had an average score of 84.23%, with a standard deviation of 2.33, which exceeded the predetermined 80% criterion. 3) The study results regarding students’ satisfaction with the course “Structural Mechanics 2” utilizing the CIPPA instructional model showed that the level of satisfaction was at the highest level.

The Development of Mathematical Problem-solving Ability on Probability Using the Cooperative Learning Technique TAI Combined with Metacognition Process for Matthayomsuksa 3 Students of the Demonstration School of Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University

Thananchakon Wongsuk — 2025-12-27

The research objectives are to: 1) compare the student’s achievements before and after learning by the cooperative learning technique TAI combined with metacognition process 2) compare the student’s achievements after learning by the cooperative learning technique TAI combined with metacognition process with 70 percent criterion 3) compare the student’s problem-solving abilities after learning by the cooperative learning technique TAI combined with metacognition process with 70 percent criterion and 4) study the satisfaction of the students towards the cooperative learning technique TAI combined with metacognition process. The research design is quasi-experimental research. The sample group is the 23 ninth-grade students at the Demonstration School of Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University, derived by simple random sampling. The research instruments are: 1) an ability test on problem-solving ability 2) an achievement test 3) lesson plans and 4) a satisfaction form. The statistics used for analyzing data are: percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test for one sample and t-test for dependent samples. The results show that: 1) after the intervention, students had significantly higher academic achievement than before the intervention at the .05 statistical significance level. 2) after learning, the students have learning achievements higher than 70 percent criterion with statistical significance at .05 3) after learning, the students have problem-solving abilities higher than 70 percent criterion with statistical significance at .05 and 4) Students expressed the highest level of satisfaction with the cooperative learning approach using the TAI technique combined with metacognition processes.

Participative Management Affecting Smart School Under the Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Montida Kengnumchaitrakul — 2025-12-27

The purposes of this research were to: 1) study the level of participative management of school administrators and teachers; 2) study the level of smart school; and 3) analyze the participative management affecting smart school under the Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. This descriptive research aimed to describe. The population consisted of 2,017administrators and teachers. The sample of the study consisted of 314 school administrators and teachers under the Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 determined using Krejcie and Morgan Sample Size Table, derived by proportional stratified random sampling as distributed by district. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed by the researcher, with content validity ranging from 0.67-1.00 and reliability of 0.98 for participative management and 0.99 for smart school. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The research results were as follows: 1) Overall and in specific aspects, the participative management of school administrators and teachers were at a high level. Specifically, all aspects were at a high level. The aspects were autonomy, trust, goals and objectives, and commitment respectively. 2) Overall, smart school was at a high level. Specifically, the aspect was at a high level, the aspect was learnable intelligence. The aspects were at a high level. The aspects were embracing complexity, teaching for mastery and transfer, learning-centered, learning organization, generative knowledge, and focus on understanding, respectively. 3) The participative management of school administrators and teachers in the aspects of autonomy trust and goals and objectives together predicted the smart school at a percentage of 75.10 with a statistical significance level of .01.

Transformational Leadership of School Administrators Affecting Innovation Organization Under the Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Kanchana Singha — 2025-12-27

The purposes of this research were to: 1) study the level of transformational leadership of school administrators; 2) study the level of innovation organization; and 3) analyze the transformational leadership of school administrators affecting the innovation organization. This study is descriptive research. The sample of the study consisted of 297 teachers under the Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, derived by proportional stratified random sampling as distributed by district. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The research results were as follows 1. Overall and in specific aspects, the transformational leadership of school administrators was at a high level. Specifically, all aspects were at a high level. The aspects were individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence, respectively. 2. Overall, innovation organization was at a high level. Specifically, the aspects were at a high level, the aspects were human energy development, organizational culture, organizational form, information system, energy and activity flow, organizational visioning, and performance appraisal, respectively. 3. The transformational leadership of school administrators in the aspects of inspirational motivation, individualized consideration and idealized influence together predicted the innovation organization at a percentage of 90.80 with a statistical significance level of .01.

The Development of English Vocabulary Learning Achievement through a Learning Method Using Games of Grade 1 Students

Natjama Sumalee — 2025-12-27

The objectives of the study were 1) to compare the English vocabulary learning achievement of students before and after using a game-based learning method, and 2) to study students’ satisfaction toward the use of the game-based learning method. The research design was a quasi-experimental study using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of Grade 1 students at Muslim Santitham Foundation School, Mueang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The sample comprised 33 students from Grade 1/3 at the same school, selected by simple random sampling using a lottery method, with the classroom as the sampling unit. The research instruments included: 1) four lesson plans using the game-based learning method, which yielded an average content validity score of 4.91 and an average suitability score of 4.95, 2) The English vocabulary achievement test consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions, with an item-objective congruence of 1.00, difficulty indices ranging from 0.40 to 0.75, discrimination indices ranging from 0.30 to 0.60, and a reliability coefficient of 0.78 and 3) The satisfaction questionnaire on the game-based learning method, with a validity index of 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Data analysis employed mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test. The results showed that: 1) students’ posttest scores (𝑥̅ = 9.09, S.D. = 0.834) were significantly higher than their pretest scores (𝑥̅ = 2.48, S.D. = 1.149) at the .01 significance level (t = 27.742, p < .01), and 2) students expressed the highest level of satisfaction with the game-based learning method (𝑥̅ = 4.86).

Digital Leadership of School Administrators Affecting the Effectiveness of Academic Administrator of Opportunity Expansion Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Office Service Area 1

Oramon Buajan — 2025-12-27

This research article aims to: 1) study the level of digital leadership of administrators in expanded opportunity schools. 2) study the level of academic administration effectiveness in expanded opportunity schools. 3) determine the relationship between administrators' digital leadership and the academic administration effectiveness of expanded opportunity schools and 4) explore the digital leadership variables of administrators used to predict the academic administration effectiveness of expanded opportunity schools. This research is a quantitative study. The population and sample consist of teachers in extended-opportunity schools the Office of Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Office Service Area 1 for the academic year 2024. The data collection instrument used is a questionnaire. The statistics employed for data analysis include percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, standard multiple regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis found that: 1. The overall level of digital leadership among school administrators in extended opportunity schools under the Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 was high. 2. The overall level of academic administration effectiveness of the school was at a high level. 3. The relationship between the digital leadership of administrators and the academic administration effectiveness of expanded opportunity schools under the Office of Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Office Service Area 1 was found to be positive in all aspects and in the same direction. There was a high level of correlation between the digital leadership of school administrators and the academic administration effectiveness of expanded opportunity schools, which was statistically significant at the .01 level. 4. The digital leadership variables of administrators used to predict the academic administration effectiveness of expanded opportunity schools under the Office of Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Office Service Area 1, through stepwise multiple regression analysis, revealed that the aspect of fostering a digital learning culture and the aspect of professionalism together can predict 50 percent of the variance in the academic administration effectiveness of the schools.

The Four Sammappadh na for Administrators Affecting Academic Administration Under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Rossarin Srilaon — 2025-12-27

The objectives of this research were: 1. to study the four Sammāppadhāna of school administrators, 2) to study the academic administration of school administrators, and 3) to study the four Sammāppadhāna for Administrators Affecting Academic Administration in schools. This research is descriptive research. The population of this study is the educational institution under the district office. Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area, District 2, 147 schools. The sample group in this study is the educational institution. Under the Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, there are 108 schools, the sample group of informants. A total of 324 people use a specific selection method. The research instrument used was a questionnaire regarding the four Sammāppadhāna of school administrators. The statistical values used for data analysis are average, standard deviation, and Analyzing plural regression equations by step statistical analysis using the finished program. The results showed that 1. The overall level of the four Sammāppadhāna of the school administrators, had an overall average score at a high level. with the average scores ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Pahāna- padhāna, Bhāvanā-padhāna, Anurakkhana-padhāna, and Saṃvara-padhāna, respectively. 2. The overall level of academic administration in schools was high, with all aspects at a high level. The mean scores, ranked from highest to lowest, were: learning process development, educational supervision, educational media and technology development and use, school curriculum development, internal quality assurance and educational standards development, measurement, evaluation, and credit transfer, research for educational quality development in schools, and learning resource development and promotion, respectively. 3. The four Sammāppadhāna of school administrators, namely Bhāvanāpadhāna (X3), Pahānapadhāna (X2), and Saṃvarapadhāna (X1), have an impact on academic administration under the Office of Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area 2 at the .01 level. They could predict academic administration in schools under Ratchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 (Y_tot) by 51.10 percent.

A Comparison of English Vocabulary Learning Achievement by Using Game Based Learning and the Traditional Teaching Method of Prathom Sueksa 6 Students, School in Bangkok Department

Tawat Sathoengram — 2025-12-27

The purpose of this research were 1) to compare the result of English vocabulary learning achievement before and after using game-based teaching approach 2) to compare the result of English vocabulary learning achievement before and after using the traditional teaching method 3) to compare the result of English vocabulary learning achievement between using game-based teaching approach and the traditional teaching method and 4) to study the satisfaction of Grade 6 students affecting their English vocabulary learning through game-based teaching approach. This study is experimental research. The samples of this study consisted of Grade 6 students at Suraomai School, under the Office of Nong Chok District, Bangkok. The sample included two classrooms with a total of 52 students. The tools used for data collection included lesson plans for traditional teaching and lesson plans for game-based teaching. The statistical methods used for analyze the data included mean, percentage, standard deviation, the study employed validity testing, item difficulty value (P), discrimination (R), and reliability analysis using the KR-20 formula and t-test. The findings of this research were 1. The learning achievement in English vocabulary of the control group using the normal teaching method had higher post-test scores than pre-test scores. 2. the result of English vocabulary learning achievement before and after using the game-based teaching approach and the traditional teaching method. 3. the result of English vocabulary learning achievement between using game-based teaching approach and the traditional teaching method. 4. The satisfaction of Grade 6 students affecting their English vocabulary learning through game-based teaching approach were the highest level. Satisfaction Assessment.

An Analytical Study of Aesthetics in the Thirty-Eight Maṅgala Sutta Paintings: A Case Study of Wat Suthiwararam

Phra Kriengsak Srichot — 2025-12-27

This research article has three objectives: 1) to study aesthetic concepts, 2) to examine the Thirty-Eight Maṅgala Sutta Paintings at Wat Suthiwararam, and 3) to propose the aesthetic values that appear in the Thirty-Eight Maṅgala Sutta Paintings. The study employed a qualitative research methodology. The tools used for data collection include: (1) the review of primary and secondary sources such as documents, books, and academic texts; (2) field surveys and data collection conducted at the research site; (3) interviews with experts in religion, philosophy, and art; and (4) data analysis to synthesize and establish the body of knowledge derived from the study. The results show that aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that discusses the values of beauty, aesthetic experience, and artistic significance. Three major art theories are considered: the theory of represent (imitation), the theory of form, and the theory of expression, as well as three perspectives on beauty: subjectivism, objectivism, and relativism. frameworks help deepen the analysis and interpretation of the Thirty-Eight Maṅgala Sutta Paintings. The murals, located on the ceiling of the first floor of the ordination hall at Wat Suthiwararam, were created using the traditional Thai technique of gilded lacquer on wooden panels. They symbolically represent the Thirty-Eight Auspicious Blessings of Buddhism through depictions of people, animals, objects, and gestures that convey auspicious meanings in accordance with Buddhist principles. When considered through aesthetic theories, the murals embody subjective value through the varied perceptions of viewers, objective value through their structural beauty and artistic composition, and relative value through their relevance to the Thai cultural context and Theravāda Buddhist beliefs. Therefore, the beauty of these paintings can be described as pluralistic aesthetics, combining artistic, emotional, and cultural dimensions. They are not merely artistic works in terms of form but also serve as a medium connecting aesthetics, religion, and spirituality. The beauty they embody not only provides aesthetic experience but also inspires viewers to live in accordance with Buddhist principles, bringing auspiciousness at both individual and societal levels.

A Study of the Elements of Songs that Influence English Vocabulary Learning

Preeyatat Kadeepisal — 2025-12-27

This research article aimed to investigate the components of songs that influence English vocabulary learning among students. A quantitative research design was employed. The population consisted of 475 students, and the sample included 40 Grade 10 students from Wisutthikasatree School, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, the questionnaire is divided into three sections: Part 1, demographic information; Part 2, song components; and Part 3, satisfaction with English vocabulary learning through songs. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and percentage, were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the majority of participants were male (52.5%) and aged 15 years (70.0%). Overall, the song components were perceived to have a high impact on English vocabulary learning (Mean = 4.24, SD = 0.78), with vocabulary repetition receiving the highest rating (Mean = 4.50, SD = 0.72), followed by song content (Mean = 4.25, SD = 0.67) and rhythm (Mean = 4.23, SD = 0.73). Students also reported high to very high satisfaction with using songs as a supplementary learning tool (Mean = 4.32, SD = 0.80), particularly in reducing boredom and enhancing motivation (Mean = 4.53, SD = 0.75–0.85). In conclusion, songs are an effective medium for promoting English vocabulary acquisition and creating a positive, engaging learning environment. Integrating songs into English language teaching is recommended to enhance students’ vocabulary development and overall learning experience.

Teaching Management in the 21st Century to Develop the Quality of Learner in Terms of Life Skills

Surachai Kaewkoon — 2025-12-27

This academic article aims to study the teaching management in the 21st century to develop the quality of learners in terms of life skills. It was found that: Learning management that will give learners 21st century skills must allow learners to practice by themselves through the process of analytical thinking, synthesizing knowledge to use in daily life. It consists of 3 methods as follows: Method 1: Creating a topic for knowledge seeking; Method 2: Integrating knowledge with analytical thinking skills and synthesizing knowledge; and Method 3: Organizing learning experiences according to interests. The quality of learners in terms of life skills and teamwork includes: 1. Learning skills that support learners' learning 2. Effective communication skills and 3. Learning skills that focus on learners to have the desired characteristics effectively.

Attasammāpaṇidhi: Setting the Mind to Lead Oneself on the Right Path

Phra Kobchai Khemannato — 2025-12-27

This article aims to study Attasammāpaṇidhi indicated in Maṅgala Sutta and four virtues wheel that dharma the second group is like preparing for a life that was truly helpful By studying from books and academic documents, the results of the study found that The maṅgala sutta was said to dharma practices that lead to a happy life. The advancement of the life stages. From the beginning of a not to associate with fool. That is benefit now and, in the future, afterwards khemacitta to have the mind which is secure which is considered benefit of life. Or even in dharma four virtues wheel has also mentioned. Attasammāpaṇidhi is setting oneself in the right course It is dharma to emphasize the importance of good company or associate with gentleman. And the physical environment It is based on the person's mind. The prosperity Stable life, so we see that the principles mentioned above. Provides benefits to individuals who practice it. Both mundane or supermundane is dharma which releases one from the world as well.