Science and Technology for Emerging Innovations in Praxis

DEVELOPMENT OF YANANG (Tiliacora triandra) LIQUIDS SOAP AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

2025-08-03T20:02:02+07:00

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tiliacora triandra (Yanang) extract and develop a liquid-soap product using the Yanang extract with desirable chemical-and-physical stability. Mature Yanang leaves were dried at 50°C, ground into powder, and extracted with 95% ethanol in a 1:20 ratio. The antioxidant activity of the extract was examined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Five formulations of liquid soap of Yanang extract were developed and compared with a base formulation. Their chemical and physical properties were analyzed, including foam quantity and foam stability. The results showed that the Yanang extract had antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀, value of 1.46 mg/mL, while the standard ascorbic acid had an IC₅₀ value of 0.08 mg/mL. Testing of Chemical and physical property indicated that formulation 2 and 3 exhibited the highest chemical and physical stability, since there was no phase separation, and no color alteration (p>0.05). They had appropriate pH values that were non-irritating to the skin, at 7.44±0.00 and 7.42±0.09 (p>0.05), and suitable viscosity levels of 1,316±17.47 cP and 1,248±40.36 cP (p>0.05). In addition, immediate foam stability was 1.03±0.15 cm and 1.10±0.10 cm (p>0.05), also foam stability at 5 minutes was 0.9±0.10 cm and 0.9±0.20 cm (p>0.05). These findings suggested that Tiliacora triandra extract has possessed antioxidant properties and could be effectively developed a chemically and physically stable liquid-soap product, especially formulation 2 and 3, which demonstrated suitably concentrated extract and the ability to further utilize.

PEF-ACCELERATED CURING ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT COMPOSITES

2025-10-16T10:52:15+07:00

This study investigates the accelerated curing of cement composite materials using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology. The mechanical and physical properties of cement blended with Biomass Ash (BA) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) were evaluated to enhance the sustainability of construction materials. The accelerated curing was performed by applying a PEF at an electric field intensity of 1 kV/cm with BA and RCA contents ranging from 0 to 20% by weight (wt.%). Curing durations varied from 0 to 50 minutes at room temperature (25 ± 2°C), followed by standard 28-day water curing. During PEF treatment, the internal temperature increased from 35°C to 64°C due to electro-thermal conversion. The compressive strength of specimens incorporated with 5 wt.% BA showed a reduction (20–24 MPa), with a more significant decrease observed at higher BA contents (10–20 wt.%, 13–14 MPa). In contrast, cement blended with RCA maintained higher structural integrity; the compressive strength decreased slightly during the first 20 minutes and remained constant at approximately 32 MPa up to 50 minutes. Comparative results reveal that cement blended with BA exhibited a lower density and greater strength degradation compared to RCA-blended composites. The reduction in strength at extended durations is attributed to microstructural defects and increased porosity. Overall, the findings indicate that while PEF effectively accelerates the hydration process, optimizing curing duration is critical to avoid the 'shell effect' and maintain mechanical performance. PEF curing shows promise for developing high-performance, sustainable cement materials by utilizing industrial waste efficiently.