Science and Technology for Emerging Innovations in Praxis

DEVELOPMENT OF YANANG (Tiliacora triandra) LIQUIDS SOAP AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Kamolwan Jongjitt — 2026-02-02

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tiliacora triandra (Yanang) extract and develop a liquid-soap product using the Yanang extract with desirable chemical-and-physical stability. Mature Yanang leaves were dried at 50°C, ground into powder, and extracted with 95% ethanol in a 1:20 ratio. The antioxidant activity of the extract was examined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Five formulations of liquid soap of Yanang extract were developed and compared with a base formulation. Their chemical and physical properties were analyzed, including foam quantity and foam stability. The results showed that the Yanang extract had antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀, value of 1.46 mg/mL, while the standard ascorbic acid had an IC₅₀ value of 0.08 mg/mL. Testing of Chemical and physical property indicated that formulation 2 and 3 exhibited the highest chemical and physical stability, since there was no phase separation, and no color alteration (p>0.05). They had appropriate pH values that were non-irritating to the skin, at 7.44±0.00 and 7.42±0.09 (p>0.05), and suitable viscosity levels of 1,316±17.47 cP and 1,248±40.36 cP (p>0.05). In addition, immediate foam stability was 1.03±0.15 cm and 1.10±0.10 cm (p>0.05), also foam stability at 5 minutes was 0.9±0.10 cm and 0.9±0.20 cm (p>0.05). These findings suggested that Tiliacora triandra extract has possessed antioxidant properties and could be effectively developed a chemically and physically stable liquid-soap product, especially formulation 2 and 3, which demonstrated suitably concentrated extract and the ability to further utilize.

PEF-ACCELERATED CURING ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT COMPOSITES

Chatchawan Kantala — 2026-02-05

This study investigates the accelerated curing of cement composite materials using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology. The mechanical and physical properties of cement blended with Biomass Ash (BA) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) were evaluated to enhance the sustainability of construction materials. The accelerated curing was performed by applying a PEF at an electric field intensity of 1 kV/cm with BA and RCA contents ranging from 0 to 20% by weight (wt.%). Curing durations varied from 0 to 50 minutes at room temperature (25 ± 2°C), followed by standard 28-day water curing. During PEF treatment, the internal temperature increased from 35°C to 64°C due to electro-thermal conversion. The compressive strength of specimens incorporated with 5 wt.% BA showed a reduction (20–24 MPa), with a more significant decrease observed at higher BA contents (10–20 wt.%, 13–14 MPa). In contrast, cement blended with RCA maintained higher structural integrity; the compressive strength decreased slightly during the first 20 minutes and remained constant at approximately 32 MPa up to 50 minutes. Comparative results reveal that cement blended with BA exhibited a lower density and greater strength degradation compared to RCA-blended composites. The reduction in strength at extended durations is attributed to microstructural defects and increased porosity. Overall, the findings indicate that while PEF effectively accelerates the hydration process, optimizing curing duration is critical to avoid the 'shell effect' and maintain mechanical performance. PEF curing shows promise for developing high-performance, sustainable cement materials by utilizing industrial waste efficiently.

SUBSTITUTION OF COCONUT MILK WITH PLANT-BASED MILK IN PANANG CURRY

At Khunsri — 2026-04-23

This study evaluated plant-based milks as coconut milk substitutes in Panang curry, focusing on extraction ratio, sensory acceptance, and proximate composition, to provide alternative products for health-conscious consumers. Plant-based milks from corn, soybean, and peanuts were extracted at ratios of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 (plant material to water). Soybean milk at 1:4 showed the closest viscosity to coconut milk, while corn milk (1:2) and peanut milk (1:4), although statistically different, represented the most comparable viscosities within their respective sources. When used as coconut milk substitutes in Panang curry, corn milk achieved the highest overall acceptance, with 75% substitution being the maximum level that remained not significantly different from 100% coconut milk. In contrast, substitution with soybean or peanut milk significantly reduced overall acceptance. Proximate analysis of Panang curry prepared with 75% corn milk showed a reduction of more than 70% in fat content compared with the 100% coconut milk control, demonstrating its potential as a healthier alternative for consumers seeking lower-fat diets.

CORRELATIONS OF FASTING BLOOD SUGAR (FBS) AND HEMOGLOBIN A1C (HbA1c) WITH VISCERAL FAT RATIO (VFR) AND DIETARY BEHAVIOR AMONG EMPLOYEES AT DHURAKIJ PUNDIT UNIVERSITY

Penpitcha Panprame — 2026-04-27

Prediabetes is commonly associated with abnormal body weight and abdominal fat accumulation leading to obesity and various chronic non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to examine the relationships among HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), BMI, visceral fat ratio (VFR) and dietary behavior, specifically daily sugar intake. A total of 76 participants were divided into two groups: 40 with prediabetes and 36 with diabetes. The results indicated that 27.50% and 42.50% of the prediabetes group were overweight and obese respectively while 44.44% and 41.71% of the diabetes group were overweight and obese. The average waist circumference was 37.47 inches in the prediabetes group and 42.50 inches in the diabetes group. A VFR > 10% was found in 95.00% of the prediabetes group and 86.11% of the diabetes group. In terms of HbA1c 92.50% of the prediabetes group had levels > 5.70% while 100.00% of the diabetes group had levels > 6.50%. Regarding FBS 92.50% of the prediabetes group had levels > 100 mg/dL and 100.00% of the diabetes group had levels > 100 mg/dL.

There were significant correlations between daily sugar intake, and both BMI and elevated blood sugar levels in both groups (Prediabetes p = 0.02, Diabetes Mellitus p = 0.02). Abdominal fat and high blood sugar levels were also significantly correlated with daily sugar intake (Prediabetes p = 0.01, Diabetes Mellitus p = 0.02). These factors BMI, abdominal fat and sugar intake can help manage prediabetes and diabetes to reduce complications and the risk of developing diabetes and various chronic non-communicable diseases.

DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN THE TRI-PITJUK REMEDY

Sirintip Promsensa — 2026-04-27

Tri-Pitjuk is a Thai traditional medicine polyherbal formula that has therapeutic effects on blood detoxification, abdominal pain relief, and blood nourishment. It consists of plant parts from three medicinal plants: 1) Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC. (Water Celery) fruits, 2) Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Nutmeg) seeds, and 3) Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (Clove) flower buds. This study aimed to investigate the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of these three individual medicinal plants extracted with 95% ethanol. The results showed that Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry extract has the highest yield percentage at 16.26. Moreover, it had the highest total phenolic content at 267.76 ± 0.33 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry extract. The highest total flavonoid content was found in the Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC. extract at 119.79 ± 1.13 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram of dry extract. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry extract has an inhibitory concentration 50 percent (IC₅₀) at 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/mL and 0.07 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, The IC₅₀ value obtained was equivalent to the standard.

DEVELOPMENT OF KHANOM-KHENG WITH PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF GLUTINOUS RICE FLOUR BY LESSER YAM FLOUR

Watcharee Thepyothin — 2026-04-28

This research aimed to add value to lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill) by processing it into flour and using it as a partial substitute for glutinous rice flour in Khanom Kheng (Thai steamed cake), available in both sweet and savory fillings. The experiment included a control formulation containing 100% glutinous rice flour and test formulations with lesser yam flour substituted at 20% (Formula A), 30% (Formula B), and 40% (Formula C) by weight of total glutinous rice flour. Physicochemical quality analysis revealed that Formula B (30% substitution) yielded optimal results, with lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values of 43.78 ± 0.50, 8.31 ± 0.20, and 11.97 ± 0.37, respectively. The texture differed significantly from the control (p ≤ 0.05). The anthocyanin content was 3.17 ± 0.24 mg/100 g, and antioxidant activity measured by DPPH radical scavenging was 17.72 ± 0.19%. Nutritional analysis per 100 g revealed crude fiber (2.55 ± 0.08 g), carbohydrate (45.44 ± 0.13 g), protein (6.22 ± 0.01 g), total fat
(0.92 ± 0.04 g), and energy content (214.92 ± 0.13 kcal). The findings demonstrated that this Khanom Kheng formulation possessed low fat and energy content, making it suitable for health-conscious consumers. Furthermore, the developed product shows potential for industrial-scale production and commercial development, thereby adding value to local raw materials and promoting sustainable community economic development.

DEVELOPMENT OF WARP YARNS FROM WATER HYACINTH AND WILD BANANA FIBERS BLENDED WITH POLYESTER AND COTTON FOR TENSILE STRENGTH IN WEAVING PHAH SABAI KHIT (TRADITIONAL THAI BROCADE)

Metta Thaochalee — 2026-04-28

This research aimed to investigate the performance of weft yarns in withstanding weaving stresses during the production of Phah Sabai Khit, a traditional Thai supplementary weft brocade. Two types of yarn were examined: natural yarn (water hyacinth fibers plied with wild banana fibers) and blended yarn (natural fibers combined with polyester-cotton yarn). Water hyacinth and wild banana fibers were extracted through manual scraping and treated by soaking in 0.1% v/v acetic acid solution. The fibers were spun using a hand-operated spinning wheel to produce yarn with a composition ratio of 3:3:1 (water hyacinth fiber : wild banana fiber : polyester-cotton yarn), then manually twisted into continuous lengths exceeding 1 meter. The resulting natural yarn exhibited irregular thickness with structural integrity but demonstrated stiffness. Subsequently, this yarn was S-twist plied with polyester-cotton yarn to produce blended yarn, which showed improved flexibility and softness while maintaining shape retention, though thickness remained irregular.Testing according to Thai Industrial Standards (TIS) for textiles revealed that the natural yarn and blended yarn had linear densities of 25 tex and 54 tex, respectively. Twist per inch (TPI) values were 18 and 5, respectively. Mechanical property analysis showed tenacity values of 48.0 g/tex for natural yarn and 8.89 g/tex for blended yarn, while elongation percentages measured 48.0 ± 0.31% and 70.6 ± 0.45%, respectively.Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis of uncleaned fiber and yarn surfaces revealed that water hyacinth fibers exhibited rough, non-planar surfaces, whereas wild banana fibers displayed smooth, flattened surfaces. Carbon content in wild banana fiber was approximately 15% higher than in water hyacinth fiber, suggesting superior strength characteristics in wild banana fiber. The findings demonstrate that the blended yarn shows potential for application as supplementary weft yarn in the hand-loom weaving of Phah Sabai Khit fabric.

EFFECTS OF FULFILL MINERAL WATER SPRAY ON LEVELS OF ANXIETY, STRESS, AND INSOMNIA AMONG PARTICIPANTS IN BANGKOK

Takunrat Taksima — 2026-04-30

The current study investigated the effects of Fullfill Mineral Water Spray on anxiety, stress, and sleep quality among a sample population in Bangkok. Based on preliminary assessments and questionnaires, participants were categorized into three groups: Group 1 with moderate anxiety levels, Group 2 with high stress levels, and Group 3 with poor sleep quality. Participants used the spray by spraying it on the face and inhaling it before bedtime for seven consecutive days. Levels of anxiety, stress, and sleep quality were assessed both before and after the intervention, along with product satisfaction surveys. Results indicated Group 2 (high stress) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in stress levels (p<0.05). Group 1 (moderate anxiety) showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety levels (p<0.05). Group 3 (poor sleep quality) exhibited a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality (p<0.05). Product satisfaction was evaluated across four groups (Groups 1–3 and Group 4 (general population). The scent was found to significantly promote relaxation, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep quality in all groups (p < 0.05). Significant differences in perceived novelty and usability were observed only in Group 1 (p < 0.05), while price satisfaction (480 THB) showed significant differences across all groups (p < 0.05). Ease of use (e.g., spray nozzle convenience) differences were significant only in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, regular use of Fullfill Mineral Water Spray can significantly reduce anxiety and stress levels and improve sleep quality among working-age adults.

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) AND OTHER AIR POLLUTION DATA AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA IN PRACHINBURI PROVINCE

Yupaporn Chorkao — 2026-04-30

This study aimed to study the situation of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM_2.5), particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM₁₀), ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and to study the quantitative relationship between PM₁₀, O₃, NO₂, and SO₂, along with meteorological data, to the PM_2.5concentration in Prachin Buri Province. The study population consisted of air pollution data from the Pollution Control Department's air quality monitoring stations, including PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃, NO₂, and SO₂, as well as meteorological data from the Prachinburi Meteorological Station, including relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, minimum temperature, and rainfall from January 2016 to December 2020. Multiple correlation coefficients were used to analyze those relationships. in Prachinburi Province. The study found that PM_2.5and PM₁₀ peak in February of each year. PM_2.5averaged 82.6 µg/m³, exceeding the standard (not exceeding 37.5 µg/m³), and PM₁₀ averaged 128 µg/m³, exceeding the standard (not exceeding 120 µg/m³). O₃ peaked in May, averaging 99.6 ppb. Below the standard (not exceeding 100 ppb). NO₂ was highest in February, with an average of 41.8 ppb, below the standard (not exceeding 170 ppb). SO₂ was highest in December, with an average of 64.6 ppb, below the standard (not exceeding 300 ppb).
The relationship between other air toxicity data and PM_2.5showed the highest correlation with PM₁₀ (p<0.000, r=0.968), followed by O₃ (p<0.000, r=0.660), NO₂ (p<0.000, r=0.635), and SO₂ (p<0.000, r=0.344), respectively. The correlations were in the same direction. The relationship between meteorological data and PM _2.5 found that air pressure (p<0.000, r = 0.530) had the highest relationship, followed by rainfall (p<0.000, r = -0.465), minimum temperature
(p<0.000, r = -0.501) and relative humidity (p<0.000, r = -0.550), respectively. Atmospheric pressure had a relationship in the same direction, while rainfall, minimum temperature, and relative humidity had a relationship in the opposite direction. In conclusion, all studied factors had a statistically significant relationship with PM_2.5 in Prachinburi province.

MODEL FOR FORECASTING THE TREND IN THE SALE PRICES OF DAILY GOLD BAR

Orawan Suebsen — 2026-04-30

The objectives of this study were to develop a model for forecasting the daily sale prices of gold bars, to compare the accuracy and suitability of two forecasting methods, and to use the chosen model to forecast gold bar sale prices from August 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. The methods applied in this study were Brown’s Exponential Smoothing Method and Holt’s Exponential Smoothing Method, using daily time series data spanning from January 1, 2018, to July 31, 2022, totaling 1,673 days. This dataset was divided into two subsets. The first subset, covering January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2022 (1, 1,642 days), was used to construct the forecasting models. The second subset, comprising data from July 1, 2022, to July 31, 2022 (31 days), was used to evaluate and compare the models’ performance. Model accuracy was assessed using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results indicated that Holt’s Exponential Smoothing Method outperformed Brown’s Method, achieving a lower MAPE of 0.86 and a lower RMSE of 295.66. Based on this performance, Holt’s method was selected as the preferred model for forecasting future gold bar sale prices. The forecasting results revealed a downward trend in gold bar sale prices during the prediction period, suggesting that prices were likely to decline through the end of 2022.

EFFECT OF SOLVENT TYPE ON THE BIOACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACT FROM TRADESCANTIA FLUMINENSIS

Napattaorn Buachoon — 2026-04-30

This study evaluated solvent effects on bioactive compound extraction from Tradescantia fluminensis using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Three solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone) were compared for their extraction efficiency and biological activities. Ethanolic extract showed highest total phenolic (26.51 ± 0.44 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (33.71 ± 0.50 mg QE/g) contents, with maximum antioxidant activity (IC₅₀= 10,530 ± 0.43 µg/mL). Both ethanol and methanol extracts demonstrated optimal antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 7,810 µg/mL) and significant anti-inflammatory properties (IC₅₀= 22.20 ± 0.10 µg/mL) while maintaining cell viability above 90%. Results indicate that solvent polarity significantly influences bioactive compound recovery, with ethanol providing optimal extraction of therapeutic compounds from T. fluminensis. The results highlight the potential of this plant species as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the development of phytopharmaceutical products and functional health applications.

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CLASSIFICATION FROM RETINAL IMAGES USING TEXTURE FEATURES AND MACHINE LEARNING

Chatchawarn Srimontree — 2026-04-30

This research aims to classify diabetic retinopathy in fundus images using machine learning combined with texture feature extraction and to compare the performance of various machine learning models for diabetic retinopathy classification. The study employed a dataset of 8,834 images published on www.kaggle.com, collected by Chaudhari (2020). According to the study, texture features were extracted from fundus images and converted into numerical statistical features. Redundant features were reduced using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with a correlation threshold at 0.90 to improve data quality. The number of irrelevant features were further reduced using the ANOVA F-test by selecting the top 100 features with the highest F-scores showing most strongly correlated with the classification outcomes. Subsequently, feature importance analysis using Random Forest were applied to select statistical features with importance values ≥ 0.01, which were considered significant features for model development. This entire process resulted in 34 features selected from the original 316 features. To compare model performance, five machine learning models were trained using these selected features: Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, Neural Network, and K-Nearest Neighbors. The results demonstrate that the Extreme Gradient Boosting model achieved the highest performance with 99.34% accuracy, 99.35% overall performance, 99.98% sensitivity, and 98.71% specificity. This approach exhibited superior classification performance with enhanced interpretability compared to modern deep learning methods. Despite utilizing a smaller dataset than typically required by deep learning approaches, it maintained competitive classification performance while being particularly suitable for deployment in resource-constrained clinical environments.

DEVELOPMENT OF HERBAL TEA BEVERAGE FROM DRIED BANANA BLOSSOM AND DRIED GINGER

Sineenart Suktanarak — 2026-04-30

This study aimed to (1) determine the optimal ratio between dried banana blossom and dried ginger as the main raw materials for hot tea production, and (2) evaluate the appropriate volume of hot water for brewing the hot tea. The antioxidant activity of the raw materials was assessed using the DPPH assay, revealing that dried ginger exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than dried banana blossom (85.97% and 78.14%, respectively). Four tea formulations were prepared: Formula 1 (3.0 g dried banana blossom), Formula 2 (2.5 g dried banana blossom and 0.5 g dried ginger), Formula 3 (2.0 g dried banana blossom and 1.0 g dried ginger), and Formula 4 (1.5 g dried banana blossom and 1.5 g dried ginger). Consumer preference testing indicated that Formula 3 received the highest overall acceptability score. Subsequently, Formula 3 was brewed with four different hot water volumes (130, 140, 150 and 160 ml.) to determine the optimal infusion volume. Brewing with 150 ml. of hot water achieved the highest overall acceptability. Increasing the water volume beyond this level resulted in higher lightness (L*) values of the tea, but reduced aroma and taste intensity, leading to decrease consumer preference. The findings indicated that a tea prepared from dried banana blossom and dried ginger in 2:1 ratio, brewed with 150 ml. of hot water, has provided optimal sensory quality and overall consumer satisfaction.

ASSESSMENT OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN BUILDING STRUCTURES OF A LARGE-SCALE WATER TREATMENT PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF MAHASAWAT WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Benjaporn Charoenchaipat — 2026-04-30

This research aimed to study and to assess carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) emissions from the primary structural materials in the building structures of a large-scale water treatment plant expansion project with a production capacity of 800,000 m³/day. The data was obtained from detailed quantities of the primary construction materials listed in the Bill of Quantity (BOQ). These materials included coarse sand, lean concrete, structural concrete, reinforced steel, and structural steel sections across seven building groups, totaling 15 buildings. The carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) emissions of each material were calculated. The analysis results found that structural concrete contributed the highest proportion of carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) emissions at 74 percent (39,595.50 tCO₂eq), followed by reinforced steel at 25 percent (13,613.94 tCO₂eq). The total carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) emissions amounted to 53,928.14 tCO₂eq. Among the building groups, the clear water tank buildings had the highest carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) emissions at 29 percent of the total, while the raw water pumping station showed the highest carbon dioxide (CO₂eq) emissions intensity at 1,987.84 kgCO₂eq/m². The overall average emissions intensity across all buildings was of 516.14 kgCO₂eq/m². The results of this study could be used as a basic data for selecting low-carbon building materials and for designing buildings in alignment with Thailand's Net Zero Emissions target.

DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY RICE-BASED CAKE USING MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY COMBINED WITH NITROUS OXIDE GAS

Wanvimon Pumpho — 2026-04-30

This research explores the development of healthy rice flour cakes by integrating scientific techniques, specifically combining microwave technology with nitrous oxide (N₂O) gas. The synergistic effect of N₂O as an aerating agent and microwave heating effectively facilitated the formation of a fine pore structure while significantly reducing hardness, resulting in a soft, aerated, and gluten-free product. This provided a novel, safe alternative for individuals with Celiac Disease. The study investigated three types of rice flour Riceberry, Surin Jasmine, and RD43 revealing that the flour type significantly influenced both physical characteristics and texture (p<0.05). The Riceberry rice cake received the highest overall acceptability score of 8.23 ("liked very much") which was attributed to its high amylopectin content, promoting superior gas retention and a fluffy structure. Regarding sweetener optimization, results indicated that increasing sucralose proportions significantly altered physical properties, leading to higher lightness (L^*), redness (a^*), and yellowness (b^*) values. Furthermore, higher sweetener ratios led to a decrease in specific volume while significantly increasing density. Sensory evaluation confirmed that 100% sucralose substitution received an overall acceptability score of 8.07 (like very much). Proximate analysis of the optimized N₂O microwave processed cake revealed contents of 49.86% moisture, 10.38% protein, 19.92% fat, 17.38% carbohydrates, 0.92% crude fiber, and 1.54% ash. This research demonstrates an innovative technological application that successfully enhances the texture of gluten-free rice flour cakes. This development holds substantial industrial potential for the production of healthy, ready-to-eat foods that satisfy modern consumer demands for both convenience and high nutritional value.

EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY QUALITY OF SYRUP FROM ‘Siam S1’ DATE PALM (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Pasuree Rittilert — 2026-04-30

This study aimed to investigate the physical and chemical qualities of fresh Siam S1 date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Siam S1) at two ripening stages: the Khalal stage (dates with fully yellow peel) and the Rutab stage (with partial brown coloration beginning to appear on the peel), and to evaluate the effect of ripening stage on date syrup quality. Date juice was extracted using 0.5% (v/w) pectinase enzyme. The results showed that Khalal stage fruits exhibited higher lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values, but lower redness (a*) values compared with Rutab stage fruits. This indicated that Khalal stage fruits displayed a brighter yellow color, whereas Rutab stage fruits showed an overall color transition toward yellowish-orange/reddish-brown. Regarding chemical quality, Rutab stage fruits tended to exhibit higher pH values, while total acidity was lower, and total soluble solids were significantly higher (p≤0.05). Proximate composition analysis revealed distinct differences between the two ripening stages: Khalal stage fruits contained higher crude fiber content than Rutab stage fruits, whereas Rutab stage fruits had higher protein content than Khalal stage fruits. For syrup quality, syrup prepared from Khalal stage fruits exhibited higher L* and lower a* values compared with syrup from Rutab stage fruits, indicating that syrup from Khalal stage fruits displayed a bright yellow color, while syrup from Rutab stage fruits showed yellowish-orange to reddish-brown coloration. Date syrups had water activity ranging from 0.42±0.01 to 0.44±0.02, pH values ranging 5.06±0.06 to 5.18±0.02, a total soluble solids of 65°Brix, and viscosity ranging from 0.10±0.01 to 0.11±0.01 Pa.s. Sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale revealed that syrup produced from Khalal stage fruits received higher acceptability scores for color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall liking-rated at a moderate liking level-compared with syrup from Rutab stage fruits. Notably, for aroma, flavor, and overall liking, the Rutab syrup was rated at a slight liking level, with the differences between the two syrups being statistically significant (p≤0.05).