Journal of Variety in Language and Literature

Editorial Note

Bunsanoe Triwiset — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Year nine, volume twenty-six, a timeless stride, Advancing on a path creatively forged.
With a focus on language and culture, it speaks with pride, Bound by scholarly duty, its purpose enlarged.

This issue of the Journal of Variety in Language and Literature marks our 26th issue, published as Volume 9, issue 2 (May-August 2025). It represents another step forward in the journey of our academic network dedicated to language and culture. This issue proudly presents a diverse collection of 11 articles, which can be categorized into three main groups:

Literary Analysis and Criticism: This group features articles that delve into the analysis and critique of literary works: (1) Mothering Styles in the Film Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022), (2) Thai and Lao Language Textbooks: Cultivating Cultural Identity through the concept of Localism, (3) The "Naga" Serpent Motifs in Thai Yaoi Fantasy Novels,

(4) Narrative Strategies in the Novel An Kam Karun

Folklore Studies: This section is dedicated to research in the field of folklore:

(5) Chao Pho Palat Chang in Nakhon Nayok Province: Characteristics of Beliefs, Rituals, and Folklore Roles, (6) The Development of Young Storytellers in the Bueng Charoen Community, Ban Kruat District, Buri Ram Province, (7) Wisdom and Value in Charcoal Production at Ban Chompoo Nuea, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province: Environmental Conservation and Economic Value Enhancement, (8) An Analytical Study of Ancient Laws in Phitsanulok Province

Communication and Thai Language Teaching: The final group focuses on communication strategies and pedagogical approaches in Thai language education:

(9) Persuasive Strategies for Selling Product Online: A Bebe Fit Routine Shop Case Study,

(10) Designing Unit Plan on Reading, Critical Thinking, and Writing Using the GPAS 5 Steps Process for Grade 6 Students at Wat Ban Mueang Pho School, Buri Ram, (11) The effect of using reading instruction with think-pair-share technique and graphic organizer on reading comprehension and learning achievement of grade 9 students.

We extend our sincere gratitude to all the authors for submitting their high-quality articles for consideration. Their contributions have provided our readers with a diverse range of works to explore according to their individual interests and needs.

Eleven articles now stand so bold, For in them, the journal's heart is told.
A work for scholars, a pleasing sight, As critical judgment brings wisdom's light.

Bunsanoe Triwiset

Editor in Chief

Mothering Styles in Film Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)

Rattiyagorn Buaseekam, Wiriya DanKamphaengkaew — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to examine Evelyn’s mothering style in the film Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022) using Diana Baumrind's Parenting Styles theory, to analyze the portrayal of Asian mothering in the film. Initially, Evelyn employed a strict, authoritarian approach with her daughter, Joy, shaped by her traditional Asian cultural background. As time progressed, Evelyn recognized the emotional pain her daughter experienced because of her mothering style. This realization led to her transition to authoritative mothering, characterized by warmth, support, and understanding. The film portrayed a complex mother-daughter relationship that combined traditional Asian and American mothering styles.

Thai and Lao Language Textbooks: Cultivating Cultural Identity through the Concept of Localism

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research has the objective of studying characteristics of cultural identity formation through the concept of localism in Thai and Lao language textbooks. The study utilizes eight primary-level textbooks from Thailand and Laos as research data. A qualitative research methodology is employed, with findings presented using descriptive analysis.The results indicate that both Thai and Lao language textbooks integrate cultural identity formation through two main aspects: tangible cultural elements and intangible cultural elements. The content is designed to emphasize cultural identity rooted in local heritage, encouraging learners to recognize its value, take pride in their community identity, and develop a desire to preserve and continue these traditions. Additionally, the study reveals that the content structure varies based on each country’s socio-political context. Since language textbooks are state-produced educational materials, they serve as subtle instruments for disseminating state ideology. This is particularly evident in primary-level textbooks, which play a crucial role in shaping young learners' appreciation of cultural values, fostering a sense of local and national identity.

Chao Pho Palat Chang in Nakhon Nayok Province: Characteristics of Beliefs, Rituals, and Folkloric Roles

CHONTICHA NISAISAT, Eakachai Chaida, Chaiya Thepha — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines the persistence of beliefs and rituals related to Chao Pho Palat Chang in Nakhon Nayok Province. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven key informants between 2024 and 2025 and field observations during the Chao Pho Palat Chang shrine merit-making tradition on January 26, 2025, at the Chao Pho Palat Chang Shrine in Ban Nong Khiam, Nakhon Nayok Province. The study applies the functionalism as an analytical framework. The findings reveal that Chao Pho Palat Chang is a revered sacred entity in Mueang and Ban Na Districts of Nakhon Nayok Province. His story is understood through a combination of traditional beliefs passed down through generations and narratives constructed by government agencies. Folklore about Chao Pho Palat Chang suggests that he was a real historical figure, originally from Nakhon Nayok, who served as a district officer (Palat). He was known for his heroic acts in suppressing bandits in Khao Yai. After his death, he was venerated as a guardian spirit (Phi Arak), and multiple shrines were built in his honor for worship, vow-making, and vow-fulfillment rituals. The annual merit-making ceremony dedicated to Chao Pho Palat Chang takes place on January 26 at Ban Nong Khiam, Ban Na District, Nakhon Nayok Province. The people of Nakhon Nayok believe that Chao Pho Palat Chang is a guardian spirit who protects the community, offers assistance, alleviates hardships, and serves as a forest deity. In the present day, the Shrine of Chao Pho Palat Chang, located within a tourist site in Nakhon Nayok Province, holds the status of a faith-based tourist attraction, where visitors frequently make and fulfill vows. The continued existence of Chao Pho Palat Chang in contemporary society serves three key roles: (1) providing encouragement and fulfilling personal aspirations, (2) acting as a unifying spiritual center for the local community, and (3) promoting tourism in Nakhon Nayok Province.

The Development of Young Storytellers in Community of Bueng Charoen Subdistrict, Ban Kruat District, Buriram Province

Sinsup Yuenyaw, Thippawan Hemmara — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research on the development of young storytellers in community of Bueng Charoen Subdistrict, Ban Kruat District, Buriram Province, aimed to collect knowledge of cultural capital to develop a training course for young storytellers. The sample group used in the study was 30 students in the Sai Tri Phatthana 3 and Sai Tri Phatthana 7 communities, selected by purposive sampling. The instruments used to collect data included a cultural capital interview form, a young storyteller development course, and statistics used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and E1/E2 efficiency.

The results of the study found that Bueng Charoen Subdistrict Municipality, Ban Kruat District, has important tourist attractions, namely the Hundred Nest Beehive Tree and the 3,000-Year Prehistoric Museum at Wat Pa Phra Sabai. The content can be divided into 6 topics: 1) History of the Sai Tri Phatthana 3 Community, 2) History of the Sai Tri Phatthana 7 Community, 3) History and origin of the Hundred Nest Beehive Tree and the Shrine of Grandfather Boonma Hundred Nests, 4) History of the honey harvesting Tradition, 5) History of the 3,000-Year Prehistoric Museum at Wat Pa Phra Sabai, and 6) Various antiques displayed in the museum. As for the development of the young storyteller curriculum, there are 5 learning units, 15 hours in total, under 10 learning management plans, which have an efficiency of 87.87/91.22.

The “Naga” Serpent Motifs in Thai Yaoi Fantasy Novels

Naruphon Surichay, Pathom Hongsuwan — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This paper aims to examine the Naga serpent motifs in Thai Yaoi Fantasy novels including King of Nagas, Naga's Loop, and A Serpent's Love Duel, applying the motifs in folk literature in this study. The findings show that the motifs of Naga are interelated with the characterisation of homosexual characters in retelling folktales and beliefs about the mythical serpents, constributing to the novel creativity. The Naga motifs could be analysed in 4 categories as follows: 1. Characters of Naga. This can be examined in the leading masculine and feminine male characters, the villains, and the helpers. 2. Magical objects. These include motifs of magical weapons, objects, ornaments, and charms. 3. Events. The Naga motifs could be noted in the sexual intercourses between human beings and Nagas and in the conception of male infants. 4. Settings and places. It was discovered that the Naga motifs could be explored in the settings of the underworld, the Himavanta forest, and the human kingdom. Moreover, it can be observed that other settings include the existing places and the imagined ones from folk stories and the writer’s imagination. These Naga motifs –characters, objects, events, settings and places reflect the integration of folklore and literary creativity. Hence, the study of novels about the Naga motifs will contribute to the valuable reinterpretation and revitalisation of folktales.

The Wisdom and Value of Charcoal Production in Chompoo Nuea Village Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province : Environmental Conservation and Economic Value Enhancement

suchada jiaphong, Sukunyasopee Chaiklam — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study the wisdom of charcoal production in Chompoo Nuea Village, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province, and to study the value and utilization of charcoal production wisdom to increase economic value in Chompoo Nuea Village, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province. Field work data collection was conducted in Chomphu Nuea Subdistrict, Noen Maprang District, using the In-Depth Interview with community leaders, charcoal burners and charcoal users in the community, Using a structured interview with a total of 15 experts. The research findings revealed four areas of wisdom in charcoal production in Chomphu Nuea Village, Noen Maprang District: 1) Wisdom in selecting a site to build a charcoal kiln 2) Wisdom in selecting wood to burn charcoal 3) Wisdom in building a charcoal kiln and 4) Wisdom in burning charcoal. Part of the value and utilization of charcoal production wisdom to increase economic value. It was found that the value and benefits of charcoal production wisdom are in 6 aspects: 1) Lifestyle value 2) Environmental value 3) Cultural value 4) Public health value 5) Agricultural value and 6) Economic value. The benefits of the research are to support environmental conservation in the community, add value to local resources, and enhance the community’s economic value.

Persuasive Strategies for Selling Product Online: A Bebe Fit Routine Shop Case Study

Ubonrat Aekau, Pananda Lerlertyuttitham — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aimed to analyze the linguistic persuasive strategies employed in online sales by the Facebook fan page “Bebe Fit Routine Shop”. Adopting a pragmatic approach, the analysis utilizes Searle’s Speech Act Theory, Cialdini’s principles of persuasion—including scarcity and reciprocity—and other persuasive concepts of Arawan Pilanthanowat. Data were collected from 210 posts on the Bebe Fit Routine Shop fan page between August 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022.The findings highlight that the Bebe Fit Routine Shop fan page employs eight distinct persuasive strategies in its online sales: 1) creating a sense of urgency or scarcity, 2) emphasizing results and outcomes, 3) fostering trust and accountability, 4) offering special privileges, 5) utilizing emojis, 6) incorporating colloquial language and slang, 7) minimizing perceived commitment, and 8) urging specific actions from viewers/audience. These techniques are often combined across multiple posts to maximize their persuasive impact on customers. This research sheds light on the importance of selecting and utilizing diverse, contextually appropriate persuasive strategies for online sales. The findings offer valuable insights for entrepreneurs, marketers, and researchers interested in online marketing and persuasive communication to influence consumer behavior.

Narrative technique In Novel Non fa niente

Siripron Chettasuart — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study the narrative techniques and the construction of meaning through storytelling in LADYS's novel, "Non fa niente." The study found that the novel employs a stream of consciousness approach as narrative technique, using a first-person perspective to convey the story through the voice of the mother character who addresses her child. This technique serves to explain and organize the narrative through her thoughts and reflections. As for construction of meaning, the novel portrays a human being in search of their identities. The desire to express one's true-self conflicts with expectations from society and family, leading to a feeling of 'otherness' and a struggle to find one's own space. The story is narrated as if it were a confession of one's sins, revealing the desire to be free from the constraints of one's assigned gender and socially-defined roles. Ultimately, it is about living a life as a normal human being who can fulfill their own desires.

An Analytical Study of Ancient Thai Laws in Phitsanulok Province

Somkiat Tidchai — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to study the physical characteristics and content of ancient legal manuscripts in Phitsanulok province. It is a qualitative study employing documentary research methodology to examine ancient legal manuscripts. The source materials comprise 46 manuscripts totaling 2,887 folding-book pages from the Office of Arts and Culture, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University. The researcher transliterated the texts as mentioned earlier into contemporary Thai. The study was found that all manuscripts were recorded on white Thai book using black ink. Five categories of documents were identified, with the most complete category comprising 18 manuscripts. Each page contains 4 to 11 lines of text. Documents recorded in 3 types of compositions: first, 30 copies recorded in prose; Second, 14 copies recorded in prose and poetry; and third, 2 copies recorded in poetry. It was recorded in 3 types of letters and languages: first, 26 copies recorded in Thai letters; second, 19 copies recorded in Thai letters, Thai language, and Khom letters, Pali language; and third, 1 copy recorded in Thai letters, Thai language, and Thai letters, Pali language. The oldest ancient legal manuscript from Phitsanulok province is Ancient Law of Wat Krab Phuang Nuea (3)/0373, dating back to 1762 (B.E. 2305), during the late Ayutthaya period. The content found 28 matters of the manuscripts largely resembles that of the Three Seals Law (Kotmai Tra Sam Duang) from the early Rattanakosin period. Similar sections include the Criminal Code (Phra Aiyakan Bet Set), Royal Proclamation (Phrarachaprarop), Law on Slavery (Phra Aiyakan Thas), Legal Principles (Lak Chai), Law on Husband and Wife (Phra Aiyakan Laksana Phua Mia), Law on Witnesses (Phra Aiyakan Laksana Phayan), Law on Legal Complaints (Phra Aiyakan Laksana Rapfong), and Law on Inheritance (Phra Aiyakan Laksana Moradok), among others. This can be suggested that the ancient laws of Phitsanulok province were significantly influenced by the Three Seals Law. The present study contributes in order to expand the scope of research on ancient manuscripts in the lower northern region of Thailand.

The Design of a Unit Plan on Reading, Critical Thinking and Writing Using the GPAS 5 Steps Process for Grade 6 Students at Wat Ban Mueang Pho School, Buri Ram Province.

Anyavee Teerasiripat, Jiratthiporn Thainguluam — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: (1) develop a learning unit for reading, critical thinking, and writing using the GPAS 5 Steps process; (2) examine the outcomes of implementing learning activities focused on reading, critical thinking, and writing; and (3) explore students’ opinions toward these learning activities in Thai language classes for Grade 6 students at Wat Ban Muang Pho School, Buri Ram Province. The sample group comprised 28 Grade 6 students from Wat Ban Muang Pho School, Buri Ram province, selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments included: (1) a GPAS 5 Steps–based learning unit; (2) thirteen one-hour lesson plans designed according to the GPAS 5 Steps process, totaling 13 instructional hours; (3) a four-choice multiple-choice test to assess students’ abilities in reading, critical thinking, and writing; and (4) a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to collect students’ opinions on the learning activities.

The research findings were as follows: (1) the developed learning unit successfully enhanced students’ competencies in reading, critical thinking, and writing to Level 3, as outlined in the curriculum; (2) students’ mean scores on the post-test (31.75) were significantly higher than their pre-test scores (14.68), with the difference statistically significant at the 0.05 level; and (3) students’ overall opinions toward the GPAS 5 Steps–based learning activities were highly positive, with a mean score of 4.48.

The effect of using reading instruction with think-pair-share technique and graphic organizer on grade 9 students’ achievement and reading comprehension

Karnpitcha Poolchai, Kongrat Nualpang, Roongfa Kitiyanusan — Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to compare reading comprehension and Thai language achievement of Grade 9 students in the Thai language instruction and learning management through the implementation of reading instruction utilizing Think-Pair-Share technique and graphic organizer, in relation to the 70 percent proficiency criterion after instruction. The sample group consisted of 35 Grade 9 students (Class 3/8) from Saensuk School, Chonburi province, in the academic year 2024, selected through a cluster random sampling. Three research instruments were employed in this study consisting of 5 lesson plans based on the implementation of reading instruction utilizing Think-Pair-Share technique and graphic organizer which were rated at the highest level of appropriateness (χ̅ = 4.80, SD = 0.20), a twenty-item multiple-choice reading comprehension test with a reliability coefficient of 0.82, and a twenty-item multiple-choice Thai language achievement test with a reliability coefficient of 0.80. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean scores and standard deviation, and the t-test for one sample. The results revealed that 1) the comparison of the student’s reading comprehension, after receiving instruction through the implementation of reading instruction utilizing Think-Pair-Share technique and graphic organizer, was significantly higher than the predetermined criteria of 70, at the .05 of the statistical significance. 2) the comparison of the student’s achievement in Thai language subject, after receiving instruction through the implementation of reading instruction utilizing Think-Pair-Share technique and graphic organizer, was significantly higher than the predetermined criteria of 70, at the .05 of the statistical significance.