Journal of Variety in Language and Literature

Sexuality of Male Homosexual Characters in Novel Named Billy and Joe

Charida Ananrueang , Nifatin Sa-A , jiraporn Adchariyaprasit — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study the sexuality of male homosexual characters in the novel "Billy and Joe" by alittlebixth, published in 2023. The study findings reveal four aspects of character sexuality: 1) Personality of male homosexual characters: Externally, they are characterized as tall, handsome, and muscular, even for receptive characters, conforming to modern masculine ideals. Their behavioral traits differ according to social status, occupational roles, and experiences. 2) Sexual identity of male homosexual characters: The study found both characters who were attracted to the same sex from the beginning and characters who underwent sexual identity transformation, with certain factors serving as catalysts for their sexual self-awareness. 3) Sexual attitudes of male homosexual characters: The characters demonstrated values regarding sexual health practices, sexual relationships without romantic love, gender-neutral compliments, and sexual fantasies that reflected their emotional desires for romantic fulfillment. 4) Sexual relationships of male homosexual characters: Found only among the main characters, with factors contributing to sexual relationships extending beyond love to include curiosity, experimentation, emotional fulfillment needs, and possessive desires.

Language Characteristics and Pragmatic Transfer of Korean Hosts who used Thai as a Second Language to present Thai Culture on the Cullan Hate Berry Channel

Ekkachai Sangsoda, Phongsatorn Surin — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study the linguistic characteristics of Thai language speech and the pragmatic transfer of Korean hosts who use Thai as a second language in presenting Thai culture on the YouTube channel Cullan Hate Berry, using content analysis of 6 episodes. The research results revealed language characteristics from the Thai-speaking of Korean hosts in 3 types: 1) pronunciation errors, such as pronouncing long vowels as short vowels, pronunciation not matching the tone, pronunciation not matching the vowel shape, pronunciation not matching the consonant. 2) choosing incorrect words, such as word formation, reordering of words, using unnatural repetition of words, using words with the wrong meaning, ellipsis of numeral classifiers or counting unit, and 3) using incorrect sentences and grammar, such as arranging words with the wrong position in a sentence, using words in a sentence with the wrong function. In terms of pragmatic transfer, there are 2 types of transfer: 1) pragmatic transfer, which is the application of rules and language forms from Korean to Thai, such as pronunciation, word choice, and grammar; 2) socio-pragmatic transfer, which is the application of principles based on Korean culture to communicate rhetorical actions in Thai. It enables the speaker to convey intentions within the context of Buddhism and rituals, addressing false beliefs, such as these errors that occurred during the development of knowledge in a new language as a result of pragmatic transfer, which was the transfer of negative aspects from the mother tongue to the second language, resulting in inappropriate language.

Linguistic Strategies in Disaster News Narrativesof Tropical Storm Yagi

Khajita Sripoom — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze linguistic strategies employed in natural disaster news narratives, with a case study of news reports on Typhoon Yagi. The data consist of 270 news reports concerning the impacts of Typhoon Yagi in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, retrieved from 10 online news agencies. The findings reveal four categories of linguistic strategies: (1) Lexical strategies, including lexical items denoting severity and sudden crisis, emotion-expressing verbs, the use of specific names of individuals, institutions, and locations, intensifiers, numerical and quantitative terms, economic-related vocabulary, and cause-effect expressions; (2) Elaboration strategies, including descriptions of damage, spatial-temporal and geographical elaboration, and semantic elaboration portraying both positive and negative meanings; (3) Pragmatics and discourse strategies, including policy criticism and interrogative challenges, amplification of community voices, narrative structuring, and the use of speech acts; and (4) Rhetorical strategies, such as metaphorical expressions, moral language, and the construction of “hero” images.

A Comparative Study of Food in Literature “Kun Chang Kun Pan” in Thai and “Tum Teav” in Khmer

Krisanaphum Ket-in, Keerati Dhanachai — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to comparatively study the food in Thai literature named “Kun Chang Kun Pan” and Khmer literature named “Tum Teav”. The findings reveal that food appearing in both literatures are on three special occasions: 1) food for auspicious ceremonies, 2) food offered to Buddhist monks, and 3) food used in sacrificial rituals. In addition to the study, it also finds that food in both literature Kun Chang Kun Pan and Tum Teav are similar and different. For the similarity, food is like the mirror that reflects variety of classes and social status. For the differences, it finds that Thai literature named “Kun Chang Kun Pan” focuses on food prepared for offering to Buddhist monks due to the Buddhist belief that merit-making with monks yields great spiritual merit. On the contrary, Khmer literature “Tum Teav” emphasizes food used in auspicious ceremonies and food offered to ancestral spirits than food offering to Buddhist monks due to consumption values of the middle class in Khmer society and importance of Khmer culture.

Fluidity in Diversity: Dimensions of Queer Textuality in the Yaoi Comic My Stuttering Sweetheart

Kunpreeya Oungmeepit, Pathom Hongsuwan — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines the construction of queer textuality in the LINE WEBTOON Yaoi comic My Stuttering Sweetheart, employing queer textuality as the principal analytical framework alongside concepts related to identity, embodiment, and gender expression. The study identifies three major analytical dimensions: (1) fluid identity—queer modes of political interaction and affective negotiation; (2) genderless dressing—queerness and corporeal freedom; and (3) queer ambiguity and contradictions within male–male relationships. The findings indicate that the dimensions of queer textuality are articulated through both narrative content and visual representation, producing subversive meanings that challenge established conventions of Thai BL literature. Instead of adhering to fixed sexual norms, the comic foregrounds unrestricted sexual fluidity. Queer subjectivity destabilizes assumed correlations among body, sexuality, identity, and desire, revealing fragmentation and a lack of coherence within male–male relationships. Through this destabilization, the text offers a counter-discourse to normative expectations of gender and sexual identity within Thai popular romance narratives.

The Archives of Ok-Phra Wisut Sunthon (Kosa Pan): The Ancient Vocabularies’ Characteristics in Ayutthaya Period

Boonlert Wiwan — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study the ancient vocabularies’ characteristics in Ayutthaya period in the diary writing of Ok-Phra Wisut Sunthon (Kosa Pan) which was written in Thai language with a total of 68 pages. As a result of the study, it is found that the diary writing of Ok-Phra Wisut Sunthon (Kosa Pan) in Ayutthaya period contained the use of the ancient vocabularies in both Thai words and borrowed words. According to Thai words, the researcher found the ancient vocabularies in the diary of Kosa Pan, including nouns, verbs and adverbs as follows: 1) three types of noun vocabularies which were common nouns, proper nouns, and collective nouns, 2) two types of verb vocabularies which were intransitive verbs (a verb that does not need an object), and transitive verbs (a verb that needs an object), and 3) the adverb vocabularies which were found that the adverbs of manner were mostly used. For the borrowed words, the researcher found that there was the use of the ancient vocabularies in the various languages, including French, Portuguese, English, Pali, Sanskrit, and Khmer.

The Kathin Tradition of the Kui Ethnic Group in Ban Khu Khat, Satuek District, Buriram Province: Traditional Forms According to Buddhist Disciplines, Community Identity, and Conservation

Samran Dhurata, Thippawan Hemmara, Yupawadee Athan, Panida Thongbunchom — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were: 1. To investigate the body of knowledge regarding the Kathin tradition of the Kui ethnic group: The findings revealed that the Kathin tradition of the Kui ethnic group takes the form of Kathin Rat (Private Kathin), wherein the laity presents robes to non-royal temples. This constitutes a Sanghakamma (ecclesiastical act) that is strictly time-bound, occurring only between the first waning moon of the 11th lunar month and the full moon of the 12th lunar month. Notably, the Kathin tradition of the Kui community in Ban Khu Khat possesses a distinctive ritual, unique to this locality and not found in other communities, known as the "Human Bridge Ritual," which was first established in 1981 2. To conserve and revitalize the Kathin tradition of the Kui ethnic group: The study found that conservation efforts involved collecting historical data on the Kathin tradition and its supplementary rituals through interviews. Furthermore, activities were organized to foster youth participation, and public relations were conducted through online media, community media, and personal communication to disseminate information to a wider audience. 3. To determine a model for developing activities to conserve and revitalize the Kathin tradition of the Kui ethnic group: The results indicated three models for conservation: 1. Documentation: Compiling the history of the Kathin tradition from academic documents, monks, and local scholars into written records. 2. Youth Participation: Organizing participatory activities involving students from Ban Khu Khat School and Buriram Rajabhat University. 3. Public Relations: Promoting the tradition to support and sustain the Kathin ceremony of the Kui ethnic group.

The Study of Lexical Similarities between Korean and Thai Through Intermediary Languages

Thanyatip Obchoei, Jung Hwanseung — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to explore the lexical similarities through intermediary languages between Korean and Thai, which are unrelated by language family. First, Study of Sino-Korean word in Korean and Chinese loanwords in Thai through of Historical Contact Linguistics. Second, Study of Pali and Sanskrit loanwords in Korean and Thai through of Buddhism context. In Korean language was influenced by Sanskrit language due to Mahayana Buddhism and translations of Sino-Korean word. And Thai language was influenced by Pali-Sanskrit language due to Theravada Buddhism, Therefore Pali and Sanskrit were adopted in terms of religious and philosophical vocabulary. The results showed that Korean and Thai numerous words are found to be similar. For example, the words “ส่ง” and “송 [Song]” are both originated from the Chinese character “送 [Sòng]”. Similarly, the words “แขก” and “객 [Gaek]” have Chinese character “客 [Kè].” Pali and Sanskrit act as intermediary languages such as “불타 [Bulta]” derived from Sino-Korean word “佛陀 (Buddha)” and “열반 [Yeolban]” derived from Sino-Korean word “涅槃 (Nirvana).” These examples reflect the shared cultural influence in East and Southeast Asia and Cultural Translation. As such, it will helpful encourage comprehensive understanding of the nature of language exchange between East and Southeast Asia. And this study serves as the guideline for research on the relationship among Asian languages by proposing frameworks of linguistics and historical contact linguistics. The focus of this study is on the role of the intermediary languages playing on similar words that emerged.

Effect of Integrated TPACK, CLIL, CBL, and PBL Learning Management Focusing on Communicative Speech with the Community on the Communicative Speaking Ability of Grade 11 students

Worachot Tana — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to achieve two objectives 1) to develop integrated TPACK, CLIL, CBL, and PBL learning management plans on Communicative Speaking with the Community for eleventh-grade students and to determine their efficiency according to the established criterion of 75/75, and 2) to compare the eleventh-grade students' communicative speaking ability after implementing the integrated TPACK, CLIL, CBL, and PBL learning activities with the evaluation criterion of 75 percent. The research sample consisted of 37 eleventh-grade students (Mathayom 5/8) studying in the first semester of the 2025 academic year at Lahan Sai Ratchadaphisek School in Lahan Sai District, Buriram Province. The research instruments included 1) five integrated TPACK, CLIL, CBL, and PBL learning management plans on Communicative Speaking with the Community, and 2) a communicative speaking ability assessment form structured as an authentic assessment (Rubric Scoring), with a total score of 20 points. The statistics used for data analysis were the mean, standard deviation, percentage, efficiency index (E1/E2), and the t-test. The research results revealed the following The integrated TPACK, CLIL, CBL, and PBL learning management plans on Communicative Speaking with the Community for eleventh-grade students had an efficiency of 77.14/78.91, which met the established criterion. The eleventh-grade students' communicative speaking ability after the implementation of the integrated TPACK, CLIL, CBL, and PBL learning activities had a mean score of 15.78, which was statistically significant at the .05 level.

The Development of a Computer-based Diagnostic Test for Identifying Spelling Deficiencies in Basic Thai Writing among Prathomsueksa 3 Students under Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Mayuree Khamkaew, Oranut Srikham, Wanida Homjan — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were 1) to study the spelling of deficiencies in basic Thai writing. 2) to create and validate the quality of the computer-based diagnostic test for identifying spelling deficiencies in basic Thai writing and 3) to evaluate the application of computer programs in conducting of the test. The samples consisted of 430 Prathomsueksa 3 students in the academic year 2024, selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument was the diagnostic test for basic Thai spelling. The statistics used for the analysis were mean and percentage. The statistical methods used for data analysis consisted of mean and percentage. The instrument quality was examined using content validity, reliability, discrimination index, and difficulty index. The results were as follows 1) The diagnostic test for basic word spelling comprised three sets with a total of 45 item: Set 1 consisted of 15 items on cluster consonants, Set 2 included 15 items on leading consonants, and Set 3 contained 15 items on words with silent letters. The most common writing deficiencies identified were as follows: in Set 1, a lack of understanding of word meanings; in Set 2, mispronunciation of word; and in Set 3, an inability to recall the use of silent letters. 2) The quality of the developed diagnostic test revealed that the content validity index ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. The diagnostic test also the difficulty levels from 0.23 to 0.80, the discrimination indices from 0.20 to 0.84, and the reliability coefficient of had 0.94. 3) The results of using the computer program in conducting spelling tests revealed that it was at a high level ( = 4.28). When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect with the highest average score was accuracy ( = 4.52).

Developing Listening and Speaking Skills in English by Using Task-Based Learning Activity for 1st Year of Vocational Certificate Students

Penpon Janlamunmar, Surachai Piyanukool, Benchaporn Wannupatam — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this study were to 1) develop the lesson plans to meet the 70/70 criterion by applying Task-Based Learning Activity; 2) compare English listening skills after learning by Task-Based Learning Activity with a 70% criterion; 3) compare English speaking skills after learning by Task-Based Learning Activity with a 70% criterion; and 4) assess student satisfaction with the Task-Based Learning Activity. The samples of this research consisted of 28 first-year Vocational Certificate students in the Accounting program at Buriram Technical College who enrolled the English for Communication course in the first semester of the 2025 academic year. The research instruments consisted of 1) seven lesson plans; 2) a 30-item multiple-choice English listening skill test; and 3) an English speaking skill test. Students were asked to pair up and discuss one randomly selected topic from three topics. Scores were obtained from an oral test and a scoring criterion. This assessment examined five components: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. 4) A 10-item student satisfaction questionnaire was administered. Statistics used for data analysis included percentages, means, and standard deviations, and hypothesis testing using a one-sample t-test. The findings revealed that: 1) the learning process efficiency (E₁) and the learning outcome efficiency (E₂) of the lesson plans were 76.17/75.89, exceeding the 70/70 threshold. 2) The result of comparison between English listening skill and the 70% criterion was the listening mean score was significantly higher than 70% threshold at the .05 level. 3) The result of comparison between English speaking skill and the 70% criterion was the speaking mean score was significantly higher than 70% at the .05 level. 4) The analysis of students’ satisfaction revealed that students were highly satisfied. The average of the satisfaction was 4.85.

Development of Plosive Sounds Pronunciation in English Vocabulary By Phonics Teaching for 2nd Grade Students

Rufiaya Arming , Pattra Pindabaedya — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) compare the ability to pronounce plosive sounds in English vocabulary among students before and after learning through phonics instruction, 2) study the development of plosive sounds pronunciation in English vocabulary among students who underwent phonics instruction, and 3) investigate students' satisfaction with phonics instruction.The population consisted of 102 2^ndgrade students from Sang-am School, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani Province. The sample group comprised 34 students from class 2/1, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included: 1) 16 phonics instruction lesson plans, 2) a 24-item true-false test measuring plosive consonant pronunciation in English vocabulary with a reliability coefficient of 0.74, and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire regarding phonics instruction for students. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), t-test, and relative development scores. Research findings revealed that: 1. Students' ability to pronounce plosive sounds in English vocabulary after phonics instruction was significantly higher than before instruction at the .05 level. 2. The assessment of student development in pronouncing plosive sounds in English vocabulary after phonics instruction, measured by relative development scores, showed an overall average at a very high level. 3. Students demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with phonics instruction.

The Construction of a Thai Reading Diagnostic Test by Using Item Response Theory for Prathomsueksa 6 Students under Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Chonnikan Sawangpol, Suchart Homjan, Krapan Sri-ngan — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were 1) to create a Thai reading diagnostic test for Grade 6 students in Schools under Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office1 and 2)
to analyze the quality of a Thai reading diagnostic test for Grade 6 students in Schools under Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office1 by using Item Response Theory. The samples were 740 Grade 6 students in Schools in the academic year 2024 selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument consisted of two types: an initial test to survey reading deficiencies and the reading diagnostic test which consisted of four sections with 15 items each, totaling 60 items. After testing and quality verification, it consisted of four sections (36 items). The statistics used for the analysis were mean, percentage, content validity, reliability, discrimination, and item difficulty. Additionally, item difficulty parameters, discrimination parameters, and guessing parameters. The results were as follows: 1) The reading diagnostic test for Grade 6 students in Schools under Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 consisted of four sections (36 items): Section 1 Word Reading (10 items), Section 2 Sentence Reading (9 items), Section 3 Passage and Articles Reading (8 items) and Section 4 Poetic Reading (9 items). The content validity index ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, the item difficulty ranged from 0.20 to 0.79, the discrimination value ranged from 0.21 to 0.64, and the overall reliability was 0.88. 2) The quality of the reading diagnostic test revealed the value of the discrimination parameters (a) ranged from -0.138 to 7.979 with the mean score of 2.144, the value of the item difficulty parameters (b) ranged from -1.517 to 2.152 with the mean score of 0.712 and the value of the guessing parameters (c) ranged from 0.000 to 0.398 with the mean score of 0.188. The reading skills deficiencies of Grade 6 students were found by using the initial test to survey deficiencies and to stem from misunderstanding in word reading, sentence reading, and poetic reading. In passage and article reading, the most common deficiency was due to incorrect interpretation

Editorial Note

Bunsanoe Triwiset — Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700