The Development of Ethical Leadership Indicators for Small Primary School Principals in the 21st Century under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the Northeast Region

Abstract

The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop the ethical leadership indicators for small primary school principals in the 21st century under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the Northeast Region and 2) to examine the goodness of fit for the structural model of ethical leadership indicators for small primary school principals in the 21^st century with the empirical data. There were two phases in this study. The first phase was the theoretical indicators construction by documentary synthesis, then synthesized the data for the ethical leadership indicators for small primary school principals in the 21st century under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the Northeast region. The second phase was to examine the structural model’s consistency with the empirical data. The samples were 800 small school principals drawn from the schools under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the northeast region. The study instruments for data gathering consisted of a 5-point rating scale questionnaire. The SPSS was applied for quantitative data analysis to obtain mean, standard deviation bartlett’s test of sphericity and kaiser-meyer-olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) were used for the appropriateness of the data for factor analysis. Computer program was used for confirmation factor analysis and examining the consistency of developed model with the empirical data.
The findings of this study were summarized as follows:
1. The results of the indicator formation and development were found that the ethical leadership indicators for small school principals in the 21st century were classified into 5 core factors, 15 sub-factors and 105 indicators. They were the trust with 3 sub-factors and 21 indicators, the responsibility with 3 sub-factors and 21 indicators, the morality with 3 sub-factors and 21 indicators, the transparency with 3 sub-factors and 21 indicators and the last one was the respect with 3 sub-factors and 21 indicators
2. The consistency of examining of the indicators’ confirmatory factor analysis model was found that the models were fit to the empirical data following the hypotheses and based on the statistics as follow : X² =43.35, DF =32, P-value =0.08692, X²/df =1.35, GFI =0.99, AGFI =0.97, CFI = 1.00, SRMR =0.01, RMSEA = 0.02 and CN = 552.38