The clinical manifestation of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric patients at Thatum hospital

Abstract

Background : Acute bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infections that required hospitalization among children under 2 years of age in many countries, challenging both economy, area and staffing in pediatrics department. Most cases are mild to moderate in severity.Treatment are non specific treatment.

Objective : To study epidemiology, clinical manifestation, investigation and outcomes of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric patients whom admitted at Thatum hospital and risk factors predicted prolong length of stays

Methods : Retrospective study of hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis aged under < 5 years at Thatum hospital from January 1^st, 2019 to December 31^st 2021 were reviewed. We used data from medical records.

Results : 292 patients were participate in the study. 59.2% were male, mean age is 6.6 months. 69.9% were age under 12 months, 51% previous respiratory hospitalization, 40.8%, recurrent wheezing in 1 year. The study showed 100% was treatments with Salbutamol nebulized and others treatment include chest physiotherapy, Antibiotics, Steroid. 2 patients were refusal of treatment. Median length of stay was 3.7 days. Univariate and multivariate were performed.  This study showed that patient aged 3 month(p=<0.001), previous respiratory hospitalization (p=0.005), fever(p=<0.001), tachypnea(p=0.023), recurrent wheezing in 1 year(p=0.016), children who received indication for hospitalization with sign respiratory distress(p=0.002) and family unable to cope(p=0.01) fluid hydration(p=0.021) antibiotic(p= <0.001) were identified as significant risk factors for prolong lengh of stay in pediatric patients of acute bronchiolitis and the study showed treatment with fluid hydration increase risk for prolong length of stays OR 3.24, 95%CI 1.19, 8.8, p= 0.021 and antibiotic used OR 6.7, 95%CI 3.51, 12.81, p=<0.001 that associated statistically significant

Conclusion : Acute bronchiolitis is most common in children younger than 12 months, with outbreaks in November to March. Median length of hospital stay was 3.7 days. Factors affecting the prolong length of hospital stay were pediatric patients 3 months of age, previous respiratory hospitalization, fever, tachypnea, recurrent wheezing in 1 year and among children who first received indications for hospitalization with sign of respiratory distress and family unable to cope.