EVALUATION OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY EXPOSURE AMONG CHRONIC RESPIRATORY PATIENTS: A REPEATED MEASURE IN RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT
Keywords:
Indoor air quality, chronic respiratory patients, residential environment, repeated measures, ThailandAbstract
This study was survey research by cross-sectional study aimed to assess indoor air quality exposure among chronic respiratory patients in Thailand using repeated measures in residential environments. Data were collected over a 5-month period (August-December 2022) from 29 households. Real-time air quality sensors were used to measure PM2.5, PM10, CO2, VOCs, temperature, and relative humidity. The results showed that the median values of PM2.5, PM10, CO2, VOCs, temperature, and relative humidity over the 5-month period were 14.61 μg/m3, 16.56 μg/m3, 590.65 ppm, 295.01 ppb, 28.44°C, and 65.65%, respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between PM2.5, PM10, and VOCs. Significant differences were observed in most parameters across the study period, with PM2.5 and PM10 peaking in November and December. Indoor temperatures were found to be higher than recommended standards.
References
World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
Brugha R, Grigg J. Urban air pollution and respiratory infections. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2014;15(2):194-9.
Cincinelli A, Martellini T. Indoor air quality and health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(11):1286.
Azuma K, Kagi N, Yanagi U, Osawa H. Effects of low-level inhalation exposure to carbon dioxide in indoor environments: A short review on human health and psychomotor performance. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):51-56.
World Health Organization. Household air pollution and health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 May 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health
Shupler M, Hystad P, Birch A, Miller-Lionberg D, Jeronimo M, Arku RE, et al. Household and personal air pollution exposure measurements from 120 communities in eight countries: results from the PURE-AIR study. Lancet Planet Health. 2020;4(10):e451-e462.
Salthammer T. Data on formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings. Data Brief. 2019;22:400-435.
Lucattini L, Poma G, Covaci A, de Boer J, Lamoree MH, Leonards PEG. A review of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment: occurrence in consumer products, indoor air and dust. Chemosphere. 2018;201:466-482.
Sarigiannis DA, Karakitsios SP, Gotti A, Liakos IL, Katsoyiannis A. Exposure to major volatile organic compounds and carbonyls in European indoor environments and associated health risk. Environ Int. 2011;37(4):743-765.
Morawska L, Ayoko GA, Bae GN, Buonanno G, Chao CYH, Clifford S, et al. Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure. Environ Int. 2017;108:75-83.
Mekwilai W, Sirichana W, Thawanaphong S, Kawkitinarong K, Taneepanichskul N. Assessing the association between daily self-reported health symptoms and mental health among respiratory patients during high-pollution period in Thailand. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies. 2023 May 29;6(3):626-32.
Spratt M, Carpenter J, Sterne JA, Carlin JB, Heron J, Henderson J, Tilling K. Strategies for multiple imputation in longitudinal studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(4):478-87.
Zhao J, Gui W, Xue W, Wang S, Wang J, Shan Y, et al. Seasonal variations and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut. 2021;268:115612.
Wiriya W, Prapamontol T, Chantara S. PM10-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chiang Mai (Thailand): Seasonal variations, source identification, health risk assessment and their relationship to air-mass movement. Atmos Res. 2016;180:193-205.
World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
Lucattini L, Poma G, Covaci A, de Boer J, Lamoree MH, Leonards PEG. A review of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment: occurrence in consumer products, indoor air and dust. Chemosphere. 2018;201:466-482.
Huang Y, Ho SS, Ho KF, Lee SC, Yu JZ, Louie PKK. Characteristics and health impacts of VOCs and carbonyls associated with residential cooking in Hong Kong. Indoor Air. 2017;27(6):1204-1216.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2020: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta: ASHRAE; 2020.
D'Amato G, Vitale C, De Martino A, Viegi G, Lanza M, Molino A, et al. Effects on asthma and respiratory allergy of Climate change and air pollution. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2015;10:39.
Liang W, Yang S, Yang X. Long-term formaldehyde emissions from medium-density fiberboard in a full-scale experimental room: Emission characteristics and the effects of temperature and humidity. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49(17):10349-10356.
Wolkoff P. Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018;221(3):376-390.
Mendell MJ, Mirer AG, Cheung K, Tong M, Douwes J. Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness, mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(6):545-561.
Azuma K, Kagi N, Yanagi U, Osawa H. Effects of low-level inhalation exposure to carbon dioxide in indoor environments: A short review on human health and psychomotor performance. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):51-56.
Morawska L, Ayoko GA, Bae GN, Buonanno G, Chao CYH, Clifford S, et al. Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure. Environ Int. 2017;108:75-83.
