Effect of the self-Efficacy Enhancement Program via Electronic Media on Blood Glucose Among Pregnant Women at Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnant Women, Self-EfficacyAbstract
Pregnant women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) often lack sufficient knowledge and skills to appropriately control blood glucose levels. This may negatively impact their self-efficacy in health self-management and lead to poor glycemic control. This quasi-experimental study aimed to: (1) compare the self-efficacy scores of pregnant women at risk for GDM before and after receiving the program; (2) compare the self-efficacy scores between the experimental group and the control group; and (3) compare blood glucose levels between the experimental group and the control group. The sample consisted of 58 pregnant women at risk for GDM who attended the antenatal care and family planning clinic at Mukdahan Hospital from June 2024 to June 2025. Participants were selected based on inclusion criteria and assigned into experimental and control groups, each comprising 29 participants. Research instruments included: (1) the Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program via electronic media, and (2) digital media on GDM and a self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test.
Results 1. The self-efficacy scores of pregnant women at risk for GDM after receiving the program were significantly higher than before the intervention (p < .05). 2. The self-efficacy scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < .05). 3. The blood glucose levels of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The mean self-efficacy scores after the intervention in the experimental group were significantly higher than before the intervention (p < .05).
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