The results of a health literacy program on reducing recurrence in pediatric upper respiratory tract infection management.

Abstract

      This research aimed to evaluate the effects of a health literacy program on reducing recurrence among parents of children under five years old, based on the self-management concept of Kanfer and Gaelick. The program focused on improving the knowledge, practical skills, and decision-making ability of the caregivers through education about URITs, proper nasal irrigation, appropriate medication use, recognizing danger signs, basic home care, and practical demonstrations.

      A quasi-experimental design was used with a total of 42 participants, selected voluntarily according to clinical criteria. Research instruments consisted of a general information questionnaire, a health literacy assessment form, and a caregiver behavior assessment form.

      The results revealed that the mean score of health literacy significantly increased (p < 0.05). The proportion of parents at the critical health literacy level increased from 4.76% to 28.57%, especially in the areas of media/information literacy and correct decision-making, which showed statistically significant improvement. Childcare behavior also improved significantly, with the average score increasing from 1.67 to 2.40 points (p < 0.05), covering general care, age-appropriate care, and care for illness conditions which showed the greatest improvement. After completing the program, the recurrence rate of URTIs within 28 days was 14.29%, and hospitalization was required in only 2.38%. These findings indicate better clinical outcomes consistent with increased health literacy and improved caregiving behavior among parents.