A KAP Assessment of Subnational Immunization Officers in Thailand: Operational Gaps and System-Level Recommendations
Keywords:
National Immunization Program, Knowledge Attitude and Practice, Immunization workforce, Immunization system, Policy implementation, Decentralized health system, Data-to-actionAbstract
This study assessed the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of subnational immunization officers responsible for the National Immunization Program (NIP). A survey research by cross-sectional study was conducted among 145 provincial and regional immunization officers using a structured online KAP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and thematic content analysis were applied.
Results: Mean knowledge scores were moderate to good, and significantly higher among participants who had received recent immunization training. While most respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward the NIP, over half reported policy ambiguity from multiple agencies. Routine monitoring of coverage was common, but proactive data use for planning was limited. Major barriers included workforce shortages, logistical constraints, and inconsistent technical support.
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