Successful Implementing Gentle Communication for Gentle Healthcare Handbook in Regional and General Hospitals: a predictive factors study
Keywords:
predictive factors, hospital, healthcare violence, health personnel, positive communicationAbstract
This study examined the factors influencing the successful implementation of a positive communication manual aimed at reducing violence against healthcare personnel. While the manual demonstrated overall effectiveness, the only statistically significant predictor of success was geographical region, with hospitals in the northern region reporting the highest perceived effectiveness compared to other regions. In contrast, individual factors such as gender, age, profession, work experience, supervisory support, and workload were not significant predictors in the multivariate model. Additionally, general hospitals and less experienced staff tended to perceive the manual as more effective than tertiary hospitals and more senior personnel. These findings suggest that scaling up the implementation of the manual should prioritize context-sensitive strategies, particularly adaptations tailored to regional and institutional differences, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
References
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workplace violence in healthcare: 2018 survey results [Internet]. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Labor; 2019 [cited 2026 Feb 14]. Available from: https://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/workplace-violence-healthcare-2018.htm
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for healthcare and social service workers (OSHA 3148-06R) [Internet]. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Labor; 2016 [cited 2026 Feb 14]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3148.pdf
International Association for Healthcare Security & Safety Foundation. Healthcare crime survey 2020 [Internet]. Glendale Heights (IL): IAHSS Foundation; 2020 [cited 2026 Feb 14]. Available from: https://www.iahss.org/page/CrimeSurvey
วีร์ เมฆวิลัย, พาสนา คุณาธิวัฒน์, บุรินทร์ สุรอรุณสัมฤทธิ์. ประสิทธิผลของคู่มือการสื่อสารเชิงบวกในบริการสุขภาพเพื่อลดความรุนแรงในโรงพยาบาลศูนย์/โรงพยาบาลทั่วไป. วารสารสิ่งแวดล้อมศึกษาการแพทย์และสุขภาพ. 2568;10(4):796-807.
Duan X, Ni X, Shi L, Zhang L, Ye Y, Mu H, et al. The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: The mediating role of social support. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):93. doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3
Magnavita N, Heponiemi T. Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: An Italian experience. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2011;43(2):203-10. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01392.x
Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Ager J, Luborsky M, Upfal MJ, Russell J, et al. Underreporting of workplace violence: Comparison of self-report and actual documentation of hospital incidents. Workplace Health Saf. 2015;63(5):200-10. doi:10.1177/2165079915574684
Press Ganey Associates. The influence of violence on the patient experience [Internet]. South Bend (IN): Press Ganey; 2019 [cited 2026 Feb 14]. Available from: https://www.pressganey.com/resources/white-papers/the-influence-of-violence-on-the-patient-experience
The Joint Commission. Sentinel Event Alert 59: Physical and verbal violence against health care workers [Internet]. Oakbrook Terrace (IL): The Joint Commission; 2018 [cited 2026 Feb 14]. Available from: https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/
patient-safety-topics/sentinel-event/sentinel-event-alert-newsletters/sentinel-event-alert-59-physical-and-verbal-violence-against-health-care-workers/
Leonard M, Graham S, Bonacum D. The human factor: The critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13(Suppl 1):i85-90. doi:10.1136/qshc.2004.010033
Price O, Baker J, Bee P, Lovell K. Learning and performance outcomes of mental health staff training in de-escalation techniques for the management of violence and aggression. Br J Psychiatry. 2018;212(2):94-102. doi:10.1192/bjp.2017.24
Peplau HE. Interpersonal relations in nursing: A conceptual frame of reference for psychodynamic nursing. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; 1952.
Gillam SW, Gillam AR, Cashin AG. Workplace violence in emergency departments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. West J Emerg Med. 2021;22(4):756-67.doi:10.5811/westjem.2021.3.49369
Howick J, Moscrop A, Mebius A, Fanshawe TR, Lewith G, Bishop FL, et al. Effects of empathic and positive communication in healthcare consultations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J R Soc Med. 2018;111(7):240-52. doi:10.1177/0141076818769477
วีร์ เมฆวิลัย, พาสนา คุณาธิวัฒน์, บุรินทร์ สุรอรุณสัมฤทธิ์. การพัฒนาคู่มือการสื่อสารเชิงบวกในบริการสุขภาพ. วารสารสิ่งแวดล้อมศึกษาการแพทย์และสุขภาพ. 2568;10(3):999-1010.
Thiese MS. Observational and interventional study design types; an overview. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2014;24(2):199-210. doi:10.11613/BM.2014.022

