A STUDY ON ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN RICE BRAN OIL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT PRODUCTS SOLD ON ONLINE MARKETPLACES IN THAILAND.
Keywords:
total arsenic, dietary supplement, rice bran oil, online marketplaceAbstract
This cross-sectional survey aimed to investigate total arsenic levels in rice bran oil dietary supplement products sold on online marketplaces in Thailand. Ten products were purposively selected from those with the highest cumulative sales during the survey period and analyzed for total arsenic using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The results showed that total arsenic was detected in 6 products. These included 2 products in the rice bran oil/rice berry oil group and 4 products in the rice bran oil blended with rice germ oil group. In contrast, total arsenic was not detected in the remaining 4 products, as the levels were below the limit of quantitation of the analytical method. Nevertheless, all sampled products complied with the safety standard specified in the Ministry of Public Health Notification No. 414 B.E. 2563 (2020).
References
Grand View Research. Dietary supplements market report [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): Grand View Research; 2024 [cited 2025 Nov 10]. Available from: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/dietary-supplements-market-report
Grand View Research. Gamma oryzanol market [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): Grand View Research; 2024 [cited 2025 Nov 10]. Available from: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/gamma-oryzanol-market
Sahini MG, Mutegoa E. Extraction, phytochemistry, nutritional, and therapeutical aspects of rice bran oil. Trends Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Nov 10];3(2):100453. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031323000490 doi: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100453
Tantayakhom S, Inpan R, Yaja K, Koonrungsesomboon N, Teekachunhatean S, Na Takuathung M. Effects of rice bran supplementation on metabolic syndrome-related parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2025 Sep 5 [cited 2025 Nov 10];26(18):9051. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/18/9051 doi: 10.3390/ijms26189051
Bumrungpert A, Chongsuwat R, Phosat C, Butacnum A. Rice bran oil containing gamma-oryzanol improves lipid profiles and antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med [Internet]. 2019 Mar 16 [cited 2025 Dec 10];25(3):353-8. Available from: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/acm.2018.0212 doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0212
Juang KW, Chu LJ, Syu CH, Chen BC. Assessing human health risk of arsenic for rice consumption by an iron plaque-based partition ratio model. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Nov 10];763:142973. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720365037 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142973
Meharg AA, Lombi E, Williams PN, Scheckel KG, Feldmann J, Raab A, et al. Speciation and localization of arsenic in white and brown rice grains. Environ Sci Technol [Internet]. 2008 Jan 15 [cited 2025 Nov 10];42(4):1051-7. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es702212p doi: 10.1021/es702212p
Yao BM, Chen P, Sun GX. Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain. Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2020 Jan 9 [cited 2025 Nov 10];8(2):982-92. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32185023/ doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1379
Bakota EL, Dunn RO, Liu SX. Heavy metals screening of rice bran oils and its relation to composition. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol [Internet]. 2015 Feb 18 [cited 2025 Nov 10];117(9):1452-62. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejlt.201400443 doi: 10.1002/ejlt.201400443
Ruangwises S, Saipan P, Tengjaroenkul B, Ruangwises N. Total and inorganic arsenic in rice and rice bran purchased in Thailand. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2012 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Nov 10];75(4):771-4. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X23014576 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.027
กระทรวงสาธารณสุข. ประกาศกระทรวงสาธารณสุข ฉบับที่ 414 พ.ศ. 2563 เรื่อง มาตรฐานอาหารที่มีสารปนเปื้อน. ราชกิจจานุเบกษา เล่ม 137 ตอนพิเศษ 118ง [อินเทอร์เน็ต]. นนทบุรี: กระทรวงสาธารณสุข; 2563 [เข้าถึงเมื่อ 10 ธันวาคม 2568]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: https://food.fda.moph.go.th/food-law/announ-moph-414/
Taing L, Tomacha J, Prajumwongs P, Namwat N, Klanrit P, Wangwiwatsin A, Techasen A, Dokduang H, Promraksa B, Promraksa N, Loilome W. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Thai rice germ extracts. Trends Sci [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Jun 15];22(4):9348. Available from: https://tis.wu.ac.th/index.php/tis/article/view/9348 doi: 10.48048/tis.2025.9348
Moongngarm A, Daomukda N, Khumpika S. Chemical compositions, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of rice bran, rice bran layer, and rice germ. APCBEE Procedia [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2026 Jun 15];2:73-79. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212670812000851 doi: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.014
AOAC International. AOAC Official Method 2015.01: Heavy metals in food: inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. In: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 22nd ed. Rockville (MD): AOAC International; 2023.
Raab A, Feldmann J, Meharg AA. Arsenic carbohydrate complexes in plants. New Phytol [Internet]. 2009 Sep [cited 2026 Jun 15];184(1):225-38. Available from: https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02912.x doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02912.x
Mohajer A, Norouzian Baghani A, Sadighara P, Ghanati K, Nazmara S. Determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported rice bran oil in Iran. J Food Compos Anal [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2025 Nov 10];86:103384. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157519307458 doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103384
Lin ST, Liao KW, Xuan TC, Chiou TY, Lin ZE, Lee WJ. Determination, distribution, and health risk assessment of 12 heavy metals in various edible oils in Taiwan. JSFA Rep [Internet]. 2024 Mar 8 [cited 2025 Nov 21];4(3):175-83. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsf2.186 doi: 10.1002/jsf2.186
