Comparison of sleep quality and sleep architecture in overweight and obese individuals: A Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, wearable Device against polysomnography.
Keywords:
Sleep Quality, Sleep Architecture, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Wearable Devices, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Overweight and ObesityAbstract
This study aimed to compare sleep quality and sleep parameters in overweight and obese individuals measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Thai version and wearable devices (smartwatch and smart ring) against polysomnography (PSG). This survey research by cross-sectional study was conducted among 25 overweight and obese patients (BMI 23.0–35.0 ) with sleep problems at the Otolaryngology Clinic, Phra Narai Maharaj Hospital, between June and August 2026. Participants completed the Thai version of the PSQI questionnaire and underwent overnight PSG with simultaneous recording using a smartwatch and a smart ring. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients, and paired t-tests.
Results: The mean age of participants was years, with being male. The mean BMI was , and the mean PSQI score was , with categorized as having poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). PSG findings revealed severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (AHI events/hr) in , moderate OSA in , and mild OSA in of participants. No statistically significant correlation was found between PSQI scores and any sleep parameter measured by PSG (). Comparing wearable devices with PSG, both the smartwatch and smart ring accurately estimated Total Sleep Time (TST) without significant differences from PSG. However, both devices significantly underestimated Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) (). The smart ring significantly overestimated Sleep Efficiency (SE) and underestimated Sleep Latency (SL) (). Regarding sleep architecture, both wearables significantly overestimated the proportion of Deep Sleep (N3) compared to PSG, whereas REM sleep proportions showed no statistically significant difference across modalities ().
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