Effects of a Breastfeeding Promotion Program on Breastfeeding Perceptions, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions toward Breastfeeding among Primiparous Mothers
Keywords:
Breastfeeding, Perceptions, Behavioral Intentions, Attitudes, Primiparous MotherAbstract
This quasi-experimental two-group pretest-posttest study aimed to compare breastfeeding perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward breastfeeding among primiparous postpartum mothers before and after participating in a breastfeeding promotion program, and to compare these outcomes between an experimental group receiving the program and a control group receiving routine nursing care. The sample consisted of 60 primiparous postpartum mothers receiving services at a hospital. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling and equally assigned into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). Research instruments included a breastfeeding promotion program, a breastfeeding perception questionnaire, a breastfeeding attitude questionnaire, and a behavioral intention toward breastfeeding questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test.
The findings revealed that after participating in the program, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher mean scores in breastfeeding perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward breastfeeding compared with before the intervention at the .05 significance level. Furthermore, the experimental group showed significantly higher mean scores in breastfeeding perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward breastfeeding than the control group at the .05 significance level.
References
World Health Organization. Infant and young child feeding [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2023 [cited 2026 May 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding
UNICEF. Infant and young child feeding [Internet]. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund; 2025 [cited 2026 May 10]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding/
Masi AC, Stewart CJ. Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention. Microb Biotechnol. 2024;17(7).
Munsittikul N, Tanthaopas S, Yangthara B. The role of nurses in promoting successful breastfeeding in the digital era. Siriraj Medical Bulletin. 2024;17(3):251-258.
UNICEF Thailand. UNICEF finds 1 in 3 mothers in Thailand exclusively breastfeed their babies, far below global targets [Internet]. Bangkok: UNICEF Thailand; 2023 [cited 2026 May 10]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/thailand/press-releases/unicef-finds-1-3-mothers-thailand-exclusively-breastfeed-their-babies-far-below
Viboonwatthanakitt R, Kantha J, Sricham N, Saktrakul R. The relationships between knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitude towards breastfeeding and breastfeeding behaviors in first-time postpartum mothers. Journal of Nursing and Public Health Research. 2023;3(3):95-109.
Singh J, Scime NV, Chaput KH. Association of caesarean delivery and breastfeeding difficulties during the delivery hospitalization: a community-based cohort of women and full-term infants in Alberta, Canada. Can J Public Health. 2023;114(1):104-12.
Queensland Health. Breastfeeding problems [Internet]. Queensland: Queensland Government; 2023 [cited 2026 May 11]. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/clinical-staff/maternity/nutrition/breastfeeding/problems
Surinprateep P, Panyaso K, Poonperm R. The effect of exclusive breastfeeding support program on attitudes perception of competence and breastfeeding intentions of pregnant woman who work outside the home. Community Health Development Quarterly Khon Kaen University. 2025;13(3):45-65.
Kala S, Ruangsri R, Uttasuradee M, Heemsa C, Kitilapo S, Embut S, Noomak P. Effects of breastfeeding promoting workshop on knowledge, attitude, and intention of 6 months exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women. Journal of Health Research and Innovation. 2024;7(2):e268069.
Dennis CL. Theoretical underpinnings of breastfeeding confidence: a self-efficacy framework. J Hum Lact. 1999;15(3):195-201.
Pengpit N, Mungkhamanee S, Pataipakaipet K. Effects of breastfeeding promotion program on knowledge, attitude, and skills related to breastfeeding of postpartum mothers in Breastfeeding Clinic, Phahon Phon Phayuhasena Hospital, Kanchanaburi Province. Journal of Prachomklao College of Nursing, Phetchaburi Province. 2022;5(1):58-69.
Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequacy of sample size in health studies. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1990.
Chaikongkiat P, Bunlap P, Harnnarong A. Factors related to breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers after cesarean section. Nurs Public Health Educ J. 2020; 21(1):16-28.
Klomyong S, Karabutr T, Sripum J. The relationships between attitudes, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and breastfeeding behaviors among postpartum adolescent mothers at Jainad Narendra Hospital. Thai Red Cross Nursing Journal. 2025; 18(1):80-95.
Chuektong C, Nirattharadorn M, Buaboon N. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program with LINE Application among Mothers with Cesarean Section: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2023; 27(4):711-721.
Fallah-Karimi S, Robabi H, Khalilzadeh-Farsangi Z. Impact of web-based breastfeeding education on breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding rates among primiparous mothers in Iran: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025; 25:797.
Rodríguez-Gallego I, Corrales-Gutierrez I, Gomez-Baya D, Leon-Larios F. Effectiveness of a Postpartum Breastfeeding Support Group Intervention in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding and Perceived Self-Efficacy: A Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(7):988.
