Khan Si Sip Ha: Forms and Buddhist Beliefs in Luang Prabang

Abstract

The academic article titled "A Study of the 45-Cup: Forms and Beliefs of Buddhists in Luang Prabang" aims to explore the design of the 45-cup and the beliefs associated with it among Buddhists in Luang Prabang. The study employs a methodology that includes document analysis from books, texts, research papers, and fieldwork. The research area is Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, and the target group consists of knowledgeable individuals. Data collection tools include surveys, non-participatory observation, and unstructured interviews. The results are presented in a descriptive and analytical format. The study identifies five key aspects of the 45-cup: 1) Functionality 2) Materials 3) Structure 4) Craftsmanship, and 5) Aesthetics. The 45-cup is categorized as a religious offering and belongs to the group of flower cups. It is created as a substitute for each family member and is similar in shape to the couple cup, but with a fixed number of 45 marigold flowers. The marigold flowers used as decorations symbolize prosperity and power. The "head-rounding candle" used with the 45-cup measures the circumference of the owner's head. Both the usage and the symbolism of the couple cup and the head-rounding candle emphasize the believer’s intention to gain merit through the offering. The 45-cup is believed to protect the family, especially in cases where it is difficult for families with young children to create individual couple cups for each member. The number 45 is derived from the Buddha's 45 years of teaching the Dharma before his passing and is also based on the idea of half a human lifespan, which is considered to be 90 years. Thus, 45 represents half of this age. The 45-cup is created systematically, following a structured and creative process that reflects the belief system at two levels: communal beliefs and societal beliefs.