Politics and government in Buddhism

Abstract

This research is a qualitative research in religion, especially Buddhism, which is a document research aimed to: 1) study the social and political conditions of the Buddhist era, 2) study the origin of Buddhist state society, and 3) study the Buddhist governance principles It was a qualitative research which focused on documentary research by studying data from the Tripitaka, the Atthakatha, the Dika, the Anutika, Pakornvises, books, textbooks, articles, documents and related research works. The data were analyzed and the research results were presented in the form of a descriptive analysis according to the research objectives.
The results revealed that:
1. According to the first objective, the results showed that most of the social conditions in those days were influenced by beliefs in Brahmin religious. Brahman is a caste group that holds the power of thought, education, politics, society, government and economy including cultural traditions. They defined all roles and social rights causing a 4 caste system.
2. According to the second objective, conflict, controversy and exploitation among men were important reasons in necessarily having a leader, a ruler, and a subordinate to finally form a state. This is state forming in AggaññaSutta.
3. The results of the study according to the third objective found that Buddhism will divide the governance principles into 3 characteristics, but both autocratic rule and this sovereignty will hold the principle of dharma as a principle. These characteristics of a governance principle were only divided by a level of aptitude of each user (administration), or by a situation, place, community and related environment which had different characteristics.