The Dynamics of Sim Nām in Northeastern Thailand: A Case Study in Ubon Ratchathani Province

Abstract

This research aimed to: (1) examine the meaning of Sim Nam according to Buddhist scriptures; (2) investigate the characteristics of Sim Nam in Ubon Ratchathani Province; and (3) explore the dynamics of Sim Nam in Ubon Ratchathani Province. This study employed a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 30 key informants, consisting of Buddhist monks, religious scholars, local sages, community leaders, and local residents, with six participants representing each of the five groups. The data were analyzed using content analysis, and the findings were presented descriptively.
The findings revealed that:
1. According to Buddhist scriptures, Sim Nam refers to a consecrated ecclesiastical boundary (Udakukkhepa Sīmā) established within a natural body of water. It is classified into three types: (1) Nadī (flowing rivers), (2) Samudda (the sea or bays), and (3) Jātasara (naturally occurring ponds, swamps, or lakes). Traditionally, Sim Nam is characterized as a simple religious structure situated in the middle of a body of water, resembling a floating pavilion.
2. The Sim Nam found in Ubon Ratchathani Province is typically constructed as a floating wooden chapel and is recognized as an important element of the province's local cultural heritage. Contemporary restoration and conservation practices integrate traditional local materials with modern construction materials, such as reinforced concrete pillars, corrugated metal roofing, and other substitute materials.
3. The dynamics of Sim Nam have evolved in response to changing social, cultural, and economic contexts. Temple committees and local communities have collaborated to conserve these structures, promote cultural activities, and disseminate information through online media to ensure that Sim Nam continues to be preserved as an ancient architectural tradition and a valuable repository of local wisdom for future generations.