Imported and Exported Trade Goods Archaeological Evidence from Central Thailand

Abstract

This paper is based on research focused on elucidating exchange pattern and trade routes during the late prehistoric period in Thailand, widely known as the Iron Age, (c. 500 BC – AD 500) as revealed by two main lines of archaeological evidence: artifacts and ecofacts uncovered from surveys and excavations of sites in east-central Thailand. This period is characterized by regional and inter-regional migration of people and intensive long distance trade and exchange in multiple directions, evidenced by the volume and diversity of trade goods. Major trade items include locally and non-locally finished products and locally produced materials (such as copper ingots) and non-local raw materials (such as marine shells) imported for craft production. Most trade and exchange goods were ornaments of various types (e.g., beads, bracelets, pendants, finger rings, earrings). Some kinds of plants and animals (such as pigs) are likely to have been used as trade goods as well. Long distance trade and exchange, coupled with intensive craft production, more advanced technology, population growth, and increased population likely played a crucial role in the formation of social complexity during the terminal phase of late prehistoric period and during the early historic period, during which time urban centers emerged in the region. This evidence suggests that long distance trade was a major factor contributing to social developments during the late prehistoric period in Thailand.