Siam–Vietnam Relations During the Reign of King Rama I Burma and the Qing in Regional Diplomacy
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Abstract
This article examines Siam–Vietnam relations by analyzing exchanges of envoys and correspondence between Siam, Vietnam, Konbaung Burma, and Qing China between 1782 and 1802. The roles of Burma and the Qing have often been overlooked. King Rama I (r. 1782–1809) sought support from Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, the future Emperor Gia Long (r. 1802–1820), and also appealed to the Qing, but the Qing declined to intervene. Meanwhile, Burmese interference hindered Siamese efforts to aid Ánh against the Tây Sơn regime, which by 1801 had established ties with Burma. Nguyễn unification in 1802 reshaped regional alignments and laid the foundation for closer Siamese–Vietnamese relations.
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References
Abbreviations
• CMHR1, 2 = Chotmaihet ratchakan thi 1 จดหมายเหตุรัชกาลที่ ๑/๒ [Official Records of the First/Second Reign].
• DNTLTB = Đại Nam thực lục tiền biên 大南寔錄前編 [The Đại Nam Veritable Records, First Series].
• DNTL, 1, 2 = Đại Nam thực lục chính biên đệ nhất, nhị kỷ 大南寔錄正編第一/二紀 [The Veritable Records of Đại Nam, Main Series, First/Second Reign].
• DNLTST = Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện sơ tập 大南正編列傳初集 [The Veritable Biographies of Đại Nam, First Collection].
• GZSL = Gaozong Chun Huangdi shilü 高宗純皇帝實錄 [The Veritable Records of the Qianlong Emperor].
• PRPR1, 2, 3 = Phraratchaphongsawadan krung rattanakosin ratchakan thi 1, 2, 3 พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ ๑, ๒, ๓ ฉบับเจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ ฉบับตัวเขียน [The Royal Chronicle of Rattanakosin, Reign of Rama I, II, III Chaophraya Thiphakorawong Version, Manuscript Edition].
• QLSY = Qianlong chao shangyu dang 乾隆朝上諭檔 [Imperial Edicts of the Qianlong Reign], 18 Volumes.
• ROB = The Royal Orders of Burma, 10 Volumes.
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