The Model of The Samicikamma (the Proper Act of Respect) According to Theravada Buddhist Philosophy of Monks in Roiet Province

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) study the theoretical concepts related to Samijikamma (reconciliation ritual), 2) examine the principles of Theravāda Buddhist philosophy concerning Samijikamma, and 3) analyze the patterns of Samijikamma practices in accordance with Theravāda Buddhist philosophy among monks in Roi Et Province. This was a qualitative research using in-depth interview as the primary data collection tool. Key informants included 15 individuals comprising Buddhist monks, scholars, and ritual experts in Roi Et Province. Data were analyzed using inductive descriptive analysis.
The research findings revealed that:
1. Theoretical concepts regarding Samijikamma emphasize its role as a significant monastic practice in Theravāda Buddhism, reflecting gratitude, seniority-based respect, and the maintenance of harmony within the monastic community.
2. The relevant principles of Theravāda Buddhist philosophy include: 1) The Six Principles of Reverence (Kāravī-dhamma), which promote mutual respect among monks, 2) The principle of gratitude, regarded as a hallmark of virtuous individuals, where the expression of gratitude leads to personal well-being and prosperity, and 3) The principle of Sāraṇīya-dhamma (the six principles of cordiality), which fosters mutual remembrance with respect, non-conflict, unity, and communal harmony.
3. The patterns of Samijikamma among monks in Roi Et can be classified into two main forms: 1. Samijikamma as an act of apology conducted outside the Uposatha Hall, typically performed between monks or novices who have experienced interpersonal tension or conflict, expressing remorse and seeking forgiveness; 2. Samijikamma as an act of homage, often practiced on important occasions such as the beginning of the Rains Retreat (Vassa), to pay respect to preceptors and teachers. This form is considered a key ceremonial practice reflecting gratitude, respect for seniority, and serving as a mechanism for maintaining discipline and unity within the Sangha.