Words and Ways in Digital Life Coaching: An Analysis of Rhetorical Devices and Multimodal Resources in Instagram Content

Authors

  • Songwut Bhattarachaiyakorn Faculty of Liberal Arts, Ubon Ratchathani University

Keywords:

Rhetorical Devices, Instagram, Discourse Analysis, multimodality

Abstract

The research aimed to investigate the rhetorical devices and multimodal resources used by the Instagram influencer ‘Jay Shetty’, particularly within the context of life coaching. Using a purposive sampling technique, the researcher gathered 36 posts from Jay Shetty’s verified Instagram account between 2022 and 2023. Moreover, Harris’s (2018) framework and the multimodal approach by Kress and van Leeuwen (2001) were employed to investigate rhetorical devices and multimodal resources in his Instagram life-coaching posts. The findings revealed that Shetty predominantly employed figurative language and balancing strategies and incorporated multimodal resources in his posts. Furthermore, among the five most frequently identified categories, metaphors (24.30%) and parallelism (23.36%) were ranked as the two most frequently used rhetorical devices, followed by the integration of multimodal resources (11.21%), anaphora (10.28%), and personification (9.35%).

References

Abban, A., Mensah, D., Rich, M., & Amponsem, K. (2024). Language and persuasion: An exploratory analysis of rhetorical elements in celebrities’ social media posts. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(3), 190–204. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2024533

Abbas, N. F., Jasim, M. M., & Hussein, K. A. (2026). A social semiotic analysis of Instagram as a multimodal platform for supporting EFL learners. Arab World English Journal, 17(1), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol17no1.4

Abdul-Ajid, A. B. (2024). Discursive strategies of motivational speech: A positive discourse analysis of Jay Shetty’s video. Environment and Social Psychology, 9(11), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i11.3084

Abdullah, I. F., & Najim, H. K. (2024). The translation of aporia in English literary texts into Arabic. Journal of Language Studies, 8(2), 349–368. https://doi.org/10.25130/lang.8.2.17

Al-Harahsheh, A. (2021). The rhetorical feature of chiasmus in the Quran and its translation into English. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 35(11), 1905–1924. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-035-011-006

Al-Muriby, Z. A. F., & I’jam, D. M. M. (2019). Chiasmus as a stylistic device in metaphysical poetry. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.

Al-Muslimawi, I. A. J. (2024). Repetition as a persuasive tool in stylistics and rhetoric. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 7(9), 7068–7074. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i09-40

Alnasser, A. (2023). Rhetorical strategies and ideologies in Saudi TEDx talks. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 6(3), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.3.22

Amaral, I. (2015). Instagram. In F. F. Wherry & J. B. Schor (Eds.), The SAGE encyclopedia of economics and society (Vol. 4, pp. 943–944). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452206905.n373

Areej, A., Zahid, M., & Anwar, M. N. (2025). Multimodal discourse analysis of social media posts for sports festivals in private sector colleges. Dialogue Social Science Review, 3(8), 436–446. https://dialoguessr.com/index.php/2/article/view/867

Azmi, D. N., Hidayat, D. N., Husna, N., Alek, A., & Lestari, S. (2023). A discourse analysis of figurative language used in English storytelling on BBC Learning English. Leksika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajarannya, 17(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.30595/lks.v17i1.16249

Babayev, J. (2023). Lexical and syntactical stylistic devices based on repetition. Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science, 118, 30–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10008891

Bakhshi, S., Shamma, D. A., & Gilbert, E. (2014). Faces engage us: Photos with faces attract more likes and comments on Instagram. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 965–974). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557403

Baldwin, M., Landau, M. J., & Swanson, T. J. (2018). Metaphors can give life meaning. Self and Identity, 17(2), 163–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1368696

Beknazarova, U., Saduakasuly, Z., Suleimenova, Z., Saryshova, K., & Abasilov, A. (2020). The conceptual metaphor of “life is a journey” in Kazakh cognition. Opción, 36(Special Issue 27), 1339–1356.

Brezina, V. (2018). Statistics in corpus linguistics: A practical guide. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316410899

Brownlees, N. (2006). Gerrard Winstanley and radical political discourse in Cromwellian England. In M. Dossena & I. Taavitsainen (Eds.), Diachronic perspectives on domain-specific English (pp. 19–39). Peter Lang.

Candra, J., & Kuntjara, E. (2022). Rhetorical devices used by Simon Sinek when delivering an inspirational speech. Kata Kita, 10(2), 292–298. https://doi.org/10.9744/katakita.10.2.292-298

Chee, J. X., & Abdul Hamid, M. K. (2024). Healing through social media motivational content among Gen Z. Forum Komunikasi, 19(2), 55–73. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/113305

Chetia, B. (2015). Rhetorical devices in English advertisement texts in India: A descriptive study. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(11), 980–984. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.591

Chubaryan, A., & Danielyan, H. (2022). A multimodal discourse analysis of sarcasm in English media and news articles. Armenian Folia Anglistika, 18(2), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2022.18.2.059

Dewi, N. A. (2021). English slang words in motivational videos of Jay Shetty: A sociolinguistics perspective [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

Dixon, S. J. (2025, June 3). Instagram – statistics & facts. Statista. Retrieved August 20, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1882/instagram/ #topicOverview

Elyamany, N. (2020). What Buddhist wisdom is going viral? A multimodal-appraisal analysis of a selection of Jay Shetty’s digital narratives. The Social Science Journal, 60(2), 316–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2020. 1760074

Ester, N. (2024). Analysis of speech errors made by Jay Shetty and Jim Kwik on The Jay Shetty Podcast [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Etymonline. (n.d.). Rhetoric. In Online etymology dictionary. Retrieved September 1, 2025, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/rhetoric

Fahnestock, J. (2011). Rhetorical style: The uses of language in persuasion. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/ 9780199764129.001.0001

Gradečak-Erdeljić, T., & Gudurić, D. (2017). It goes without saying (though I will say it anyway). Jezikoslovlje, 18(1), 25–49.

Harris, R. A. (2018). Writing with clarity and style: A guide to rhetorical devices for contemporary writers (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Horphet, N., & Srijongjai, A. (2020). An analysis of multimodal text design in social media marketing: A case study of Starbucks posts on Instagram. Vacana Journal, 8(1), 119–154. http://rs.mfu.ac.th/ojs/index.php/vacana/ article/view/285

Hussein, A. S., & Fattah, S. A.-R. (2020). A multimodal discourse analysis of visual images in UNHCR reports on displaced Iraqis. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 15761–15783. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/6283

IDN Research Institute. (2024). Indonesia Gen Z report 2024: Understanding and uncovering the behavior, challenges, and opportunities. IDN Media.

Jabrael, S. J., & Lutfi, A. F. (2024). A semantic analysis of rhetorical devices in Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities. Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal, 9(2), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.9.2.53

Jamil, S., Saqib, A., & Murtaza, S. (2025). The stylistic analysis of linguistic deviation and parallelism in Isthebruce selected Instagram reels. Liberal Journal of Language & Literature Review, 3(1), Article 381. https://llrjournal.com/index.php/11/article/view/101

Karimovna, K. S. (2021). Anaphora as an essential type of poetic figures. European Journal of Research Development and Sustainability, 2(3), 1–6.

Katz, A., & Taylor, T. (2008). The journeys of life: Examining a conceptual metaphor with semantic and episodic memory recall. Metaphor and Symbol, 23(3), 148–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926480802223051

Khalid, S. S., Abd Rahman, A. L., Amir Yazid, A. A., & Mohammad Omar, N. D. (2022). Rhetorical elements used for marketing posts on Instagram by Malaysian local cosmetic products. Insight Journal, 9(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.24191/ij.v9i1.3476

Khongthana, P. (2024). Life coaching in Thailand: Creating a fantasy of “wealth” for entrepreneurs. Journal of Mekong Societies, 20(1), 179–202. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mekongjournal/article/view/267350

Khumruk, P. (2024). A deep dive into conceptual metaphors of love: A cognitive analysis of Taylor Swift’s “Fearless (Taylor’s Version)” lyricism. Thoughts, 2024(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.58837/CHULA.THTS.2024.1.1

Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. Arnold.

Kruk, J., Lubin, J., Sikka, K., Lin, X., Jurafsky, D., & Divakaran, A. (2019). Integrating text and image: Determining multimodal document intent in Instagram posts. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) (pp. 4622–4632). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://aclanthology.org/D19-1469

Kyriakakis, E. (2025). Conceptual metaphors: Life is a journey in Doctor Marigold by Charles Dickens. Linguistics, Interpretations, Concepts, 2(1), 202–222. https://doi.org/10.69085/linc20251202

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.

Lamichhane, Y. R. (2021). Rhetorical culture and brand slogan: An analysis of the slogans of all commercial banks from Nepal. Journal of Nepalese Business Studies, 14(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v14i1.41487

Lauer, J. M. (2004). Invention in rhetoric and composition. Parlor Press & The WAC Clearinghouse.

Lauw, C., & Gunawan, S. (2024). Rhetorical devices used by Mark Zuckerberg in his 2007 Harvard commencement speech. Kata Kita: Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching, 12(1), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.9744/katakita. 12.1.86-93

Lee, R. D. (2023). Rhetorical devices used by Bill Gross in presenting his speech on start-up success. Kata Kita: Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching, 11(2), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.9744/katakita.11.2.231-239

Li, F., Ren, J., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Analysis of the rhetorical devices in Obama’s public speeches. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4(4), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20160404.11

Lie, E. K., & Tedjaatmadja, H. M. (2024). Figurative language used in Genshin Impact’s and Honkai: Star Rail’s special program videos. Kata Kita: Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching, 12(3), 374–381. https://doi.org/10.9744/katakita.12.3.374-381

Lv, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2012). Universality and variation of conceptual metaphor of love in Chinese and English. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(2), 355–359. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.2.355-359

Macejová, K. (2025). Digital discourse on Instagram: A multimodal analysis of rhetorical strategies used in online climate activism [Master’s thesis, Masaryk University]. Theses.cz. https://theses.cz/id/qqass6/

Melion, W. S., & Ramakers, B. (2016). Personification: An introduction. In W. S. Melion & B. Ramakers (Eds.), Personification: Embodying meaning and emotion (pp. 1–40). Brill.

Mick, D. G., & McQuarrie, E. F. (1996). Figures of rhetoric in advertising language. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(4), 424–438. https://doi.org/10.1086/209459

Moore, S. (2020). Rhetorical strategies of Forbes’ 2019 most valuable brands. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 11(1), 64–73. https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/153/2020/06/08-Moore.pdf

Munthe, A. M., & Lestari, R. (2016). The impression of rhetorical devices in Wendy’s taglines. Journal of Language and Literature, 16(2), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v16i2.363

O’Halloran, K. L. (2011). Multimodal discourse analysis. In K. Hyland & B. Paltridge (Eds.), The Bloomsbury handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 249–282). Bloomsbury.

Pâquet, L. (2019). Selfie-help: The multimodal appeal of Instagram poetry. The Journal of Popular Culture, 52(2), 296–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jpcu.12780

Pho-Klang, K. (2020). Figurative language in social media captions for clothing advertisements. Journal of Contemporary Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 33–40. https://jcsh.rsu.ac.th/files/issues/V7N2/ 173_20210113183416.pdf

Prudencio, A. B., Sherwin, C. C., Barcelona, J. A., Niduaza, B., & Tongawan, F. C. (2023). Stylistic and discourse analysis of the language of social media influencers. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 7(1), 322–325. https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1704877.pdf

Rahmah, S. N., & Elisa, N. L. (2023). Analysis of discourse markers used in Jay Shetty’s On Purpose program. Guruku: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(3), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.59061/guruku.v1i3.268

Rakhimova, M. A. (2022). The style of advertising texts in French television. Journal of Pedagogical Inventions and Practices, 8, 223–225. https://zienjournals.com/index.php/jpip/article/view/1801

Ruzibaeva, N. (2019). Peculiarities of the antithesis in the literary text. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 7(11), 149–152. https://www.idpublications.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Full-Paper-PECULIARITIES-OF-THE-ANTITHESIS-IN-THE-LITERARY-TEXT.pdf

Saidova, M. U., & Tursunova, S. G. (2025). The functionality of syntactic stylistic devices in social media. American Journal of Education and Learning, 3(9), 839–845. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17504749

Sameshima, P. (2007). Seeing shadows in new light: A procatalepsis on narrative inquiry as professional development. New Horizons in Education, 55(3), 10–21.

Schawbel, D. (2017, August 29). Jay Shetty: How he’s mastered the new media landscape. Forbes. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2017/08/29/jay-shetty-how-hes-mastered-the-new-media-landscape/

Shah, M. I. (2019). A critical discourse analysis of rhetorical devices used in advertisements of beauty products in Pakistani print media. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 53, 16–25. https://doi.org/10.7176/JLLL/53-03

Simon & Schuster. (2023). Jay Shetty. https://www.simonandschuster.com/ authors/Jay-Shetty/164346536

Špago, D. (2020). Rhetorical questions as aggressive, friendly, or sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers. ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 8(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0014

Statista. (2024). Age distribution of worldwide Instagram users in January 2024 [Graph]. Retrieved April 16, 2026, from https://www.statista.com/ statistics/248769/age-distribution-of-worldwide-instagram-users/

Taping, M. G., Juniardi, Y., & Wahyu, D. (2017). Rhetorical devices in Hillary Clinton’s concession speech. The Journal of English Language Studies, 2(2), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.30870/jels.v2i2.2249

Tasia, A., & Indra, R. (2022). Exploring Instagram’s visual communication effects of Indonesia’s premium fashion brands. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 100(1), 137–148. https://www.jatit.org/volumes/Vol100No1/13Vol100No1.pdf

Tikham, S. (2022). Rhetorical devices used in speeches of Miss Grand International: Campaign to stop the war and violence. Journal of Variety in Language and Literature, 6(1), 25–45. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/wiwitwannasan/article/view/252745

Torresi, I. (2010). Translating promotional and advertising texts. St. Jerome Publishing.

Turner, M. (1987). Death is the mother of beauty: Mind, metaphor, criticism. University of Chicago Press.

Umam, I., & Laili, E. N. (2023). A critical discourse analysis of rhetorical devices in Joe Biden inauguration speech 2021. TEFLICS Journal, 3(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.33752/teflics.v3i1.4140

Ungerer, F., & Schmid, H.-J. (2006). An introduction to cognitive linguistics (2nd ed.). Pearson Longman.

Xie, M. (2024). A critical discourse analysis of rhetorical figures (and other linguistic devices) in advertising discourse. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 8997–9020. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00681

Yang, C. (2021). Research in the Instagram context: Approaches and methods. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 7(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.71.15.21

Yang, M. (2019). The application of English rhetorical devices in speechwriting—Taking the preliminary of Kunming University in the 2018 “FLTRP Cup” English Public Speaking Contest as an example. In Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Education, Management Science and Economics (ICEMSE 2019) (Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Vol. 96, pp. 399–403). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icemse-19.2019.93

Zhao, M. (2012). The art of balance: A corpus-assisted stylistic analysis of Woolfian parallelism in To the Lighthouse. International Journal of English Studies, 12(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.12.1.139571

Zhu, S., Wang, L., & Gan, Y. (2025). Lying flat to play on smartphone excessively: The role of self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1516869. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1516869

Zhu, T., Mansor, N. S., Ang, L. H., Sharmini, S., & Tang, X. (2023). Examining the rhetorical strategies employed in the humorous discourse of Chinese talk shows. The European Journal of Humour Research, 10(4), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.7592/EJHR.2022.10.4.713

Downloads

Published

2026-06-29