อิทธิพลของความเชื่อว่าโลกมีความยุติธรรมและความเชื่อในกฎแห่งกรรมที่ส่งผลต่อการตัดสินด้านจริยธรรม
Keywords:
moral judgment, fate, belief in karma, belief in a just worldAbstract
This paper addresses the influence of belief in a just world and belief in karma on moral judgment by examining situations with the following conditions: 1) the protagonist’s fate (bad or absent) and 2) moral situation (one out of six) based on moral foundations theory. Online questionaires were collected from 360 undergraduates were aged between 18 to 25. The results found no effects of belief in karma. Meanwhile, the effects of belief in a just world on behavioral aspects of moral judgments emerged as significant only in three types of moral situations; positive effects on the fairness/cheating (Having a forbidden affair with someone other than spouse.), negative effects on the loyalty/betrayal (giving the confidential information of the own company to a competitor) and the liberty/oppression (convincing the lover to change his religious belief). The participants also accepted moral violations to a greater extent in the liberty/oppression situation than in others.
Keywords: belief in a just world, belief in karma, fate, moral judgment
References
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Burley, M. (2014). Karma, Morality, and Evil. Philosophy Compass, 9(6), 415-430. DOI:
10.1111/phc3.12138
Broeders, R., van den Bos, K., Müller, P. A., & Ham, J. (2011). Should I save or should I not kill?
How people solve moral dilemmas depends on which rule is most accessible. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 923-934. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.018
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Clifford, S., Iyengar V., Cabeza R., & Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2015). Moral foundations vignettes: A
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for poverty. Journal of Social Issues, 57(2), 207-227. DOI: 10.1111/0022-4537.00209
Cuyper, A., D. (2016). Blame the Outgroup: Can our Beliefs in a Just World Lead to Prejudice
and Racism?. (Master dissetation). Ghent University. Retrieved from https://lib.ugent.be/ fulltxt/RUG01/002/274/609/RUG01-002274609_2016_0001_AC.pdf
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developments, and future challenges. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 128-167. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128
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the status quo. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 107-125). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral
judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814-834. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
Kestner, J. M. (2009). Relating color blind racial attitudes, social dominance orientation and
just world beliefs. (Doctoral dissertation). Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/235
Khoynezhad, G., Rajaei, A. R., & Sarvarazemy, A. (2012). Basic religious beliefs and personality traits. Iran J Psychiatry, 7, 82-86.
Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp.347-480). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
Kohlberg, L., Levine, C. G., & Hewer, A. (1983). Moral stages: A current formulation and a
response to critics. New York, NY: Karger. Krishnan, V. R. (2013). The effect of optimism and belief in the law of karma on transformational
leadership. International Journal on Vedic Foundations of Management, 1(1), 51–66.
Lerner, M. J. (2003). The justice motive: Where social psychologists found it, how they lost it,
and why they may not find it again. Personality and Socical Psychology Review, 7(4),
389-399. DOI: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_10
Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back
and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030-1051. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.85.5.1030
Lerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observer's reaction to the "innocent victim": Compassion
or rejection?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(2), 203-210. DOI:
10.1037/h0023562
Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (1999). More on ultimate and immanent justice: Results from the
research project “Justice as a problem within reunified Germany”. Social Justice Research, 12, 65-78. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1022039624976
Myers, D. G. (2017). Social Psychology (12th ed.). New York: MeGraw-Hill.
Oppenheimer, L. (2005). Justice and the belief in a just world: A developmental perspective.
Personality and Individual Differences, 38(8), 1793-1803. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.11.007.
Phra Brahmagunabhorn (P. A. Payutto). (2012). Phut tham chabap prap khayāi [Buddhadhamma
extended edition]. Retrieved from http://www.watnyanaves.net/uploads/File/books/ pdf/buddhadhamma _extended_edition.pdf
Poonsub, U. (2003). Bukkhalikkaphāp hā ʻongprakō̜p kap phrưttikam kān pen samāchik thī dī
khō̜ng ʻongkān : kō̜ranī sưksā kō̜ng rāidai kān prapā ืnakhō̜n lūang [The big five personality types and organizational citizenship behavior: a case study of revenue division, metropolitan waterworks authority]. Retrieved from http://digi.library.tu.ac.th/thesis/ lib/0906/01TITLE.pdf
Wenzel, K., Schindler, S., & Reinhard, M. A. (2017). General belief in a just world is positively
associated with dishonest behavior. Frontier in Psychology, 8, 1-8. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2017.01770
Yen, C. L. (2013). It is our destiny to die: The effects of mortality salience and culture-priming on
fatalism and karma belief. International Journal of Psychology, 48(5), 818-828. DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.678363
thinking. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 53, 17-23. DOI:
10.1016/j.socec.2014.07.003
Banerjee, K., & Bloom, P. (2016). You get what you give: Children’s karmic bargaining.
Developmental Science, 20(5), 1-13. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12442
Banerjee, K., & Bloom, P. (2014). Why did this happen to me? religious believers’ and non-
believers’ teleological reasoning about life events. Cognition, 133(1), 277-303. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.06.017
Bhuyan, R., Mell, M., Senturia, K., Sullivan, M., & Shiu-Thornton, S. (2005). “Women must endure
according to their karma” Cambodian immigrant women talk about domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(8), 902-921. DOI: 10.1177/088260505277675
Bizer, G.Y., Hart, J., & Jekogian, A. M. (2012). Belief in a just world and social dominance orientation: Evidence for a mediational pathway predicting negative attitudes and discrimination against individuals with mental illness. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 428-432. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.002
Burley, M. (2014). Karma, Morality, and Evil. Philosophy Compass, 9(6), 415-430. DOI:
10.1111/phc3.12138
Broeders, R., van den Bos, K., Müller, P. A., & Ham, J. (2011). Should I save or should I not kill?
How people solve moral dilemmas depends on which rule is most accessible. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 923-934. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.018
Callan, M. J., Ellard, J. H., & Nicol, J. E. (2006). The belief in a just world and immanent justice
reasoning in adults. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(12), 1646-1658. DOI: 10.1177/0146167206292236
Callan, M. J., Sutton, R. M., Harvey, A. J., & Dawtry, R. J. (2014). Immanent justice reasoning:
Theory, research, and current directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 105-161. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800052-6.00002-0
Clifford, S., Iyengar V., Cabeza R., & Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2015). Moral foundations vignettes: A
standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory. Behavior Research Methods, 47(4), 1178-1198. DOI: 10.3758/s13428-014-0551-2
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Correia, I., & Vala, J. (2003). When will a victim be secondarily victimized? The effect of
observer's belief in a just world, victim's innocence and persistence of suffering. Social Justice Research, 16(4), 379-400. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1026313716185
Cozzarelli, C., Wilkinson, A. V., & Tagler, M. J. (2001). Attitudes toward the poor and attributions
for poverty. Journal of Social Issues, 57(2), 207-227. DOI: 10.1111/0022-4537.00209
Cuyper, A., D. (2016). Blame the Outgroup: Can our Beliefs in a Just World Lead to Prejudice
and Racism?. (Master dissetation). Ghent University. Retrieved from https://lib.ugent.be/ fulltxt/RUG01/002/274/609/RUG01-002274609_2016_0001_AC.pdf
Dalbert, C., Lipkus, I. M., Sallay, H., & Goch, I. (2001). A just and an unjust world: Structure and
validity of different world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 561-577. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00055-6
Dellantonio, S., & Job, R. (2012). Moral intuitions vs. moral reasoning. a philosophical analysis of
the explanatory models intuitionism relies on. In L. Magnani & P. Li (eds.), Philosophy and Cognitive Science (pp. 239-262). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29928-5_13
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2012). G*Power 3. Retrieved from
http://www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de/abteilungen/aap/gpower3
Furnham, A. (2003). Belief in a just world: Research progress over the past decade. Personality
and Individual Differences, 34(5), 795-817. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00072-7
Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2012). Moral
Foundations Theory: The Pragmatic Validity of Moral Pluralism. Advances in
Experimental Social Psychology. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2184440
Hafer, C. L., & Begue, L. (2005). Experimental research on just-world theory: Problems,
developments, and future challenges. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 128-167. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128
Hafer, C. L., & Choma, B. L. (2009). Belief in a just world, perceived fairness, and justification of
the status quo. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 107-125). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral
judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814-834. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
Kestner, J. M. (2009). Relating color blind racial attitudes, social dominance orientation and
just world beliefs. (Doctoral dissertation). Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/235
Khoynezhad, G., Rajaei, A. R., & Sarvarazemy, A. (2012). Basic religious beliefs and personality traits. Iran J Psychiatry, 7, 82-86.
Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp.347-480). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
Kohlberg, L., Levine, C. G., & Hewer, A. (1983). Moral stages: A current formulation and a
response to critics. New York, NY: Karger. Krishnan, V. R. (2013). The effect of optimism and belief in the law of karma on transformational
leadership. International Journal on Vedic Foundations of Management, 1(1), 51–66.
Lerner, M. J. (2003). The justice motive: Where social psychologists found it, how they lost it,
and why they may not find it again. Personality and Socical Psychology Review, 7(4),
389-399. DOI: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_10
Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back
and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030-1051. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.85.5.1030
Lerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observer's reaction to the "innocent victim": Compassion
or rejection?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(2), 203-210. DOI:
10.1037/h0023562
Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (1999). More on ultimate and immanent justice: Results from the
research project “Justice as a problem within reunified Germany”. Social Justice Research, 12, 65-78. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1022039624976
Myers, D. G. (2017). Social Psychology (12th ed.). New York: MeGraw-Hill.
Oppenheimer, L. (2005). Justice and the belief in a just world: A developmental perspective.
Personality and Individual Differences, 38(8), 1793-1803. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.11.007.
Phra Brahmagunabhorn (P. A. Payutto). (2012). Phut tham chabap prap khayāi [Buddhadhamma
extended edition]. Retrieved from http://www.watnyanaves.net/uploads/File/books/ pdf/buddhadhamma _extended_edition.pdf
Poonsub, U. (2003). Bukkhalikkaphāp hā ʻongprakō̜p kap phrưttikam kān pen samāchik thī dī
khō̜ng ʻongkān : kō̜ranī sưksā kō̜ng rāidai kān prapā ืnakhō̜n lūang [The big five personality types and organizational citizenship behavior: a case study of revenue division, metropolitan waterworks authority]. Retrieved from http://digi.library.tu.ac.th/thesis/ lib/0906/01TITLE.pdf
Wenzel, K., Schindler, S., & Reinhard, M. A. (2017). General belief in a just world is positively
associated with dishonest behavior. Frontier in Psychology, 8, 1-8. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2017.01770
Yen, C. L. (2013). It is our destiny to die: The effects of mortality salience and culture-priming on
fatalism and karma belief. International Journal of Psychology, 48(5), 818-828. DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.678363
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Published
2019-01-31
How to Cite
จตุรพาณิชย์ ไ. (2019). อิทธิพลของความเชื่อว่าโลกมีความยุติธรรมและความเชื่อในกฎแห่งกรรมที่ส่งผลต่อการตัดสินด้านจริยธรรม. The Periodical of Behavioral Science, 25(1), 25–41. Retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/BSRI/article/view/154699
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