CAPABILITY ENHANCEMENT TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADOPTION FOR THAI COMMERCIAL BANKS
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Abstract
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven structural changes in the banking sector, affecting operational processes, organizational structures, and human resources. Despite its growing importance, prior research in the financial domain has not sufficiently examined AI capability from a structural perspective, particularly through second-order confirmatory factor analysis. This study adopts a quantitative survey approach to 1) identify the second-order factors underlying AI capability enhancement in Thai commercial banks, 2) assess the relative importance of these factors, and 3) examine differences across organizational characteristics. The population comprises 5,006 branch managers of Thai commercial banks, with each manager representing one branch. A sample of 500 respondents was selected, which is considered adequate for factor analysis at a very good level. Multi-stage sampling was employed. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, with reliability confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.90. The data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical techniques. The findings indicate that the proposed model demonstrates a good fit with the empirical data (CMIN-ρ = 0.054, CMIN/DF = 1.163, GFI = 0.958, RMSEA = 0.018). Four key aspects of AI capability enhancement were identified, namely workforce agility, organizational resilience, business ecology, and technology readiness, respectively. Overall, the level of importance was high ( = 4.44). In addition, large commercial banks (D-SIBs) exhibit significantly higher levels of AI capability than smaller banks (Non-D-SIBs) at the 0.05 significance level, whereas no significant differences were observed in terms of operational duration and branch staffing levels. The study suggests that Thai commercial banks should strengthen workforce agility, build more flexible organizational structures, and better integrate technology into their operations to enhance the effective use of AI and maintain long-term competitiveness.
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