Study of Feminist Concepts in Female Characters in the Ramakien

Abstract

This research aims to examine the concepts and ideas of female characters in the Ramakien epic from a feminist perspective and to analyze the power dynamics and representation of female characters in relation to male characters. A qualitative research methodology is employed, drawing data from the text of the Ramakien epic, specifically the version composed by King Rama I (King Phutthayodfa Chulalok). The study focuses on five main characters, including Uma Devi, Sita, Kaikeyi, Mandodari, and Sammanakha.

The research findings reveal that female characters in the Ramakien exhibit prominent feminist characteristics: 1) Independent thinking: Female characters express their desires and rights to determine their own destiny, such as Sammanakha. 2) Power and bargaining: Although under male dominance, women wield symbolic power through social status and emotional relationships that can drive significant events in the story. 3) Challenging tradition: Emotional expressions and desires that challenge conventional norms are evident, such as demanding promises or boldly expressing feelings. This reflects that female characters are not merely weak followers, but are crucial in altering power dynamics and decision-making among male characters. These findings contribute to a new understanding of the role of women in Thai literature, which is particularly relevant to the contemporary social context.