HOW TEACHERS FACILITATE CIVIC DISCOURSE TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ CITIZENSHIP: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THAI SECONDARY SOCIAL STUDIES CLASSROOMS การส่งเสริมวาทกรรมพลเมืองเพื่อความเป็นพลเมืองของนักเรียน: การศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพจากชั้นเรียนวิชาสังคมศึกษาระดับมัธยมศึกษาของประเทศไทย
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Abstract
The research aims at analyzing teachers’ facilitating methods used during discussions in order to develop civic discourses in secondary social studies classroom. The data were gathered by interviewing 6 social studies teachers with recording audio and observing during classroom discussions in 8 social studies classes. All qualitative data were analyzed in accordance with Habermasean civic discourse framework. The results showed the methods teachers used to promote quality of civic discourses in 4 aspects: 1) Accessibility; teachers asked key questions that encouraged students to participate in the discussion and used various techniques to involve students into the conversation, 2) Equality; both verbal and non-verbal communications were used to promote equality in class discussions, 3) Rationality and Criticality; three patterns were found including encouraging students to express their opinions logically, encouraging students to discuss based on information and developing students’ skills in expressing opinions, and 4) Consensus-building; teachers contributed greatly in developing classrooms, with multiple strategies, to reach consensus. In addition, findings also pointed out the relationship between teachers' beliefs in building citizens and how they designed and facilitated classroom discussions.
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