FILIPINO TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BASIC EDUCATION: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY
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Abstract
This study determined whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) could replace teachers while addressing gaps in AI in Education research, which is mostly survey-based and focused on Western and Chinese contexts, by exploring teachers’ lived experiences with AI in the Philippine setting. It also examines current AI use among basic education teachers, an area often overlooked compared to higher education. The objectives are to explore teachers’ experiences in utilizing AI tools and to identify factors influencing AI adoption among participants. Qualitative research design, specifically through Husserlian phenomenology, was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 teachers selected purposively and were analyzed thematically using Gioia's methodology. Findings indicate that Artificial Intelligence cannot displace basic education teachers. Under the spectrum of the teaching-learning process (preparation-discussion-assessment), these tools play a great role in the preparation and assessment areas, leaving the discussion area to the human skills of teachers. The study further strengthens that AI utilization spans enhancing innovation, productivity, and evaluation. Moreover, enhanced utilization is based on the interplay of human factors and technical factors. Human factors focus on targeted professional development, ethics, and responsibility, while technical factors focus on the AI tool’s user-friendliness and trustworthiness. Teachers who leverage AI tools will not be replaced if they have a clear grasp of their roles and responsibilities as supported by the Human-AI augmentation theory and Technology Acceptance Model. Finally, the study highlights the significance of teacher oversight in utilizing AI tools, suggesting the institutionalization of the Human-AI-Human (HAIH) principle in basic education. Educational institutions may establish a balanced AI adoption framework that explicitly pairs human oversight with tool design.
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