THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMPATHY THEORY-BASED PROGRAM FOR ENHANCING VOLUNTEER BEHAVIOR AMONG UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS
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Abstract
This research aimed to (1) synthesize the components and behavioral indicators of volunteer behavior among upper secondary students and (2) develop an empathy theory–based program for enhancing volunteer behavior among upper secondary students. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the synthesis of the components and behavioral indicators of volunteer behavior through documentary analysis and a review of related literature and research, followed by expert validation of their accuracy and appropriateness. Phase 2 involved the development of the program based on empathy theory. The quality of the program was then evaluated by experts using the Index of Item–Objective Congruence (IOC), and the revised program was subsequently pilot tested with 27 upper secondary students. The findings revealed that (1) volunteer behavior among upper secondary students consisted of four components: altruism, participation, development, and awareness of public interest; and (2) the developed program comprised six steps: (1) building empathy awareness, (2) confronting situations and problems, (3) empathetic reflection and shared learning, (4) developing action guidelines, (5) integrated empathetic thinking and action, and (6) evaluation toward transformation. The pilot implementation indicated that the program could be applied in learning activities with students and showed potential for enhancing students’ volunteer behavior.
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