Criteria for Determining the Severity of the First Parajika Offense according to the Vinaya Pitaka

Abstract

This academic article aims to present factual information, based on evidence from the Buddhist scriptures (Tripitaka), regarding the criteria for judging the first Parajika offense. This information is interesting and beneficial for learning and understanding the criteria for judging the first Parajika offense correctly according to Buddhist monastic rules. Therefore, this article was created. Studying this text will lead to additional knowledge, increased awareness, and stricter adherence to the first Parajika precept. The study employs primary data collection from the Tripitaka, specifically the Parajika section, and related research. This data is then synthesized. Beyond the specific offenses, the study analyzes the manifestations of pleasure in sexual intercourse, specifically the four stages of pleasure: pleasure during insertion, pleasure during penetration, pleasure while the genitals are engaged, and pleasure after withdrawal, with the object being a woman, a female non-human being, a female animal, or a hermaphrodite human, hermaphrodite non-human, or hermaphrodite animal. Human eunuchs, non-human eunuchs, animal eunuchs, human men, non-human men, male animals, through the anus, urinary tract, and mouth—evidence found in the Tripitaka indicates that certain conditions of sexual intercourse, involving different pleasures and objects, do not constitute a Parajika offense but rather a Thullaccaya-apatti. This leads to the presentation of this article on the topic of "Criteria for Judging Offenses in the First Parajika Rule."