Concept of Logic in Suttanta Pitaka

Abstract

This research article aims 1) to study the general logic concept, 2) to analyze the logic concept in the Suttanta Pitaka, and 3) to present knowledge about logic in the Suttanta Pitaka. There is a qualitative research. The data collection is performed by studying Tipitaka, commentaries, and various academic works. The data are analyzed by using content analysis and descriptive analysis. The research results reveal that 1) there are two forms of general logic such as deductive and inductive. The development of logic consists of paradox, dialectic, deduction, induction, Mill's method, Hegel’s dialectic, and symbolic logic. 2) The analysis of logical concepts in Suttanta Pitaka comprises of two main concepts: (1) logic appeared directly in the Suttas, which rejects logic as appears in the Brahmajalasutta, Sandaka Sutta, Āyajāna Sutta, Kālāma Sutta, and Apannaka Jataka. (2) The reasoning in the Suttas related to the Western logic, as appears in Abhayarajakumāra Sutta, Gotamī Sutta, Anattalakkhana Sutta, Visakhā Sutta, Puṇṇikātheri Gāthā, 3) The presentation of body of knowledge about logic in the Sutta Pitaka encloses two important aspects: (1) the attitude of rejecting logic in Suttas, which is a group of logical ideology. (2) The reasoning in Suttas related to the Western logic, which comes from contradictory dilemma, showing the method of introducing to understand the meaning of univocal term, asking and answering to explain the theory of Anatta, teaching by citing reasons through Pucchā-Ṭhpanā, Pāpanā-Ropanā to explain the use of words to be consistent, and using reasoning of the value of the content to refute the teachings in Brahmanic-Hindu philosophy. The body of knowledge from the research is found two main concepts: 1) the attitude of rejecting logic with three negative characteristics: (1) direct logic rejection stance, (2) indirect logic rejection stance, and (3) Related Logic Rejection Stance. 2) The attitude of relation to Sutra with Western logic, which is a material logic and be classified into four types: (1) reasoning as contradictory dilemma, (2) reasoning as conversational in univocal term, (3) reasoning as question-answer for proving theory, and (4) reasoning as value of materials.