Management Development, Pali Section, and Monastic Administration in California of United States

Abstract

This research aims to 1) study the general conditions, 2) study management components, and 3) propose management development for the Pali studies department of temples in California, United States of America. This study is qualitative research which collected data using in-depth interviews with 17 key informants. The data were analyzed descriptively, organized and systematically classified. The research findings revealed that:    1) General conditions: strengths are continuous teaching and learning activities. Weaknesses are insufficient budget. Opportunities are recognized from Sangha for Pali studies graduates which Sangha has provided full support throughout the educational process. After graduation, graduates can use their educational qualifications for higher education including the ability to independently manage organizations. Moreover, they receive broad support from Buddhists making Pali education development stable and sustainable. The obstacles are the pass-fail assessment system. 2) Management components according to POSDC principles: planning aspect has continuous planning management. Organizing aspect has non-complex organization management. Staffing aspect has task assignment matching abilities. Directing aspect has provision of sufficient educational equipment. Controlling aspect has a clear authority delegation. Management components of Pali studies department development of temples in California, United States of America according to four Sangahavatthu principles found that: Dana (giving) aspect provides free learning equipment to students. Piyavaca (kindly speech) aspect communicates with pleasant speech. Atthacariya (useful conduct) aspect provides learning assistance. Samanattata (equality) aspect administrators and teachers maintain consistent behavior. 3) Development of Pali studies department management: (1) curriculum aspect follows standards set by Pali Studies Division, (2) teaching aspect promotes teachers to develop higher education, (3) teaching and learning process aspect has systematic teaching and learning planning, (4) teaching media and equipment aspect maintains equipment ready for use.