A Comparative Study of Worshiping Sacred Objects in Brahmin-Hinduism and Theravada Buddhism Appeared in Thai Society

Abstract

This thesis has three primary objectives: 1) to study of worshiping sacred objects in Brahmin-Hinduism, 2) to study of worshiping sacred objects in Theravada Buddhism, and 3) to compare of worshiping sacred objects in Brahmin-Hinduism and Theravada Buddhism appeared in Thai society. Employing a documentary research methodology, the study draws upon canonical texts such as the Tipiṭaka, the Upaniṣads, and relevant academic literature. Findings related that 1) sacred object worship in Brahmanical-Hinduism is theologically sophisticated and diverse. Sacred items—such as deity icons, ritual offerings, and yantras—serve as symbolic conduits for divine-human interaction. Central to these practices is the metaphysical worldview that perceives ritual as a means to harmonize the individual with the cosmic order. 2) The study reveals that sacred object worship in Theravada Buddhism is grounded in the concepts of merit (puñña) and the power of the Triple Gem. Sacred items such as Buddha images, amulets, ritual flags, and protective cloths (yantra) are venerated as means of psychological empowerment and as reminders of the Buddha, Dhamma, and Saṅgha. 3)Regarding the third objective, the comparative analysis demonstrates that, despite fundamental doctrinal and ritualistic differences, the practices of sacred object worship in both traditions have become deeply integrated within Thai society. This synthesis reflects a broader process of religious adaptation and cultural hybridization, wherein spiritual practices are transformed and localized to resonate with the lived experiences of Thai people in a pluralistic cultural landscape