The Study Analysis between the Idealistic Views of Living our Life in Buddhism and Christianity

Abstract

This research article aims to 1) examine the ideal of life in Theravāda Buddhism, 2) examine the ideal of life in Roman Catholic Christianity, and 3) compare these ideals across the two traditions. Adopting a qualitative design, the research draws on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with clergy and committed practitioners to elicit normative teachings and lived interpretations. Findings reveal that, in Theravāda Buddhism, the ideal of life centers on self-reliant cultivation grounded in an understanding of conditionality (idappaccayatā), the law of kamma (action and its results), and the Three Marks of Existence (tilakkhaṇa). A good life is one that trains to abandon the defilements (kilesa: lobha, dosa, moha) by following the Noble Eightfold Path, summarized as the Threefold Training (sīla–samādhi–paññā). Ordinary persons cultivate these aims through dāna (generosity), sīla (moral discipline), and bhāvanā (meditation), purifying the mind and fostering wisdom. The proximate goal is personal tranquility and social harmony; the intermediate goal is the accumulation of merit conducive to favorable rebirth; and the ultimate goal is liberation from saṃsāra (Nibbāna). In Roman Catholic Christianity, the ideal of life is rooted in the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity (agapē), expressed through trustful reliance on God, faith in Jesus Christ, and obedience to the divine commandments—especially the unconditional love of God and neighbor. The path is enacted through prayer, participation in the sacramental life, and works of charity and justice toward oneself, others, and society. The ultimate goal is eternal salvation and communion with God in the Kingdom of Heaven; proximate aims include deepening one’s spiritual relationship with God and cooperating in the realization of God’s Kingdom in daily life. Despite divergent doctrinal frameworks, both traditions seek the transformation of the person beyond defilement or sin. Theravāda emphasizes self-cultivation toward the cessation of suffering, whereas Catholic Christianity emphasizes reliance on divine grace and the moral law. Both commend a virtuous life animated by interior purity and spiritual integrity, ordered toward authentic peace and well-being for individuals and society.