The Conditions, Forms and Issues Regarding Becoming a Victim of Online Fraud Occurring in Thailand
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Abstract
The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the problems and patterns of online fraud crimes occurring in Thailand; 2) to examine the factors and conditions that lead individuals to become victims of online fraud. The findings reveal issues related to the nature and patterns of online fraud in Thailand. This is a qualitative study conducted through document analysis and in-depth interviews with key informants. Group 1 consists of 20 citizens who have experienced being victims of online fraud. Group 2 includes 20 police officers from metropolitan and provincial police stations across Regions 1-9. Additionally, a focus group discussion was held with 8 police officers from agencies dedicated to preventing and combating online crime or other related organizations. The data collection tool used was structured in-depth interviews, and the data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis. The findings indicate that 1) the problems and patterns of online fraud crimes are difficult to detect offenders, Public’s exacerbated by a lack of digital literacy, delays in crime tracking systems, and the existence of 17 different types of online fraud, reflecting the diversity and dynamism of criminal behavior in the digital age. Six conditions contribute to individuals becoming victims of online fraud: 1) The victim's internal motivations. 2) Ignorance of technology. 3) Access to the victim's personal information. 4) Social and cultural beliefs 5) Economic conditions. and 6) Limitations in accessing funding sources. Delays and constraints within the justice system also play a role. Furthermore, the study explores operational challenges and obstacles faced by law enforcement officers in enforcing laws regarding online crime. Based on these insights, two approaches to prevent online fraud are proposed: 1) for law enforcement officers, enhancing knowledge of legal procedures through online learning materials such as video lectures delivered by experts, allowing for flexible learning anytime and anywhere; 2) for the general public, raising awareness through entertaining short video clips with easily understandable content, filmed in a “Two-shot frame style”. At the end of each video, law enforcement officers summarize the situation to enhance credibility.
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