A Study and Analysis of the Characters’ Karma in Novels

Abstract

This research aims to: 1) analyze the components of characters’ Kamma in novels; and 2) analyze the concepts, characteristics and consequences of character’s kamma in novels.  The study analyzes text from 10 selected novels: Preng Kamma, Plerng Kamma, Chao Kamma Nai Wen, Buang Kamma, Kamma Kao, Krong Kamma, Raeng Boon Roy Kamma, Ruen Rak Roy Kamma, Khu Kam, and Kamma Payakorn. The theoretical framework integrates character component analysis with the Buddhist doctrine of Kamma. This qualitative research presents data through a descriptive analysis method. The research findings are as follows: 1) Components of characters’ Kamma consist of two elements: 1.1) Character classification within the context of problems or situations faced: These are categorized into protagonists, antagonists, and supporting characters. 1.2)Origins of Kamma, categorized into four characteristics: 1) Character personality traits with primary and secondary drives, consisting of 8 types: unsupportive family members, loss, flattery, surrender, inferiority complex, loss of love, rivalry, and sexual misconduct. 2) Character personality traits with overt and covert drives, consisting of 2 types: kusala and akusala actions. 3) Character personality traits with specific and unclear drives, consisting of 2 types: seeking refuge and showing kindness to others. 4) Character personality traits with internal and external drives, consisting of 4 types: misfortune, coercion, deception, and harassment. 2) Characteristics of characters’ Kamma in novels are divided into four categories based on Buddhist principles: 1) Kamma according to the time of fruition: consisting of Ditthadhamma-vedaniya-kamma, Upapajja-vedaniya-kamma, Aparapariya-vedaniya-kamma, and Ahosi-kamma. 2) Kamma according to intention: consisting of Kusala-kamma and Akusala-kamma. 3) Kamma according to function: consisting of Janaka-kamma, Upathambhaka-kamma, Upapilaka-kamma, and Upaghataka-kamma.  4) Kamma according to weight of effect: consisting of Garuka-kamma, Bahula-kamma, Asanna-kamma, and Katatta-kamma. The results demon-strate alignment with both research objectives. Specifically, the origins of Kamma stem from the personality traits of protagonists, antagonists, and supporting characters. These origins are triggered by both internal and external stimuli, which influence the decision to perform wholesome or unwholesome deeds. These actions further impact the plot development, conflict resolution, and the ultimate conclusion of the story.