The Intrapersonal Communication as a Path to Liberation in Theravāda Buddhism: Integrating Wilbur Schramm’s Communication Theory

Abstract

This article examines the meaning, structure, and process of “Intrapersonal Communication” for liberation in Theravāda Buddhism by integrating it with the communication theory of Wilbur Schramm, a Western communication theorist who conceptualizes communication as a cyclical process consisting of encoding, decoding, and feedback through the interpretation of the receiver’s experience. The study employs a documentary research methodology, analyzing data from the Tipiṭaka, its commentaries, the Visuddhimagga, and relevant contemporary research. The findings reveal that Intrapersonal Communication, from the perspective of liberation in Theravāda Buddhism, is a fundamental process related to the mind, characterized by a cyclical dynamic in which the mind functions as both sender and receiver. Mindfulness (Sati) serves as the mechanism of awareness, while wise attention (yoniso manasikāra) functions as feedback that informs decision-making, insight into phenomena, and the development of wisdom. This process operates in accordance with the practice of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Satipaṭṭhāna), namely contemplation of the body, feelings, mind, and mental objects, leading to the transformation of behavior and actions toward wholesomeness. The Buddha’s enlightenment is understood as the culmination of this Intrapersonal Communication process, achieved through the cultivation of insight meditation (Vipassanā) with clear comprehension. This involves contemplation of the arising and cessation within the cycle of dependent origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda) according to the principle of conditionality (Idappaccayatā), leading to the realization of the Three Characteristics, the Four Noble Truths, and the Noble Eightfold Path. While Schramm’s model demonstrates conceptual alignment in terms of interpretation and meaning-making within the individual, it does not fully encompass the spiritual dimension. This integration suggests that Intrapersonal Communication in Buddhism is not merely a psychological process but a crucial mechanism for mental development leading to liberating wisdom and ultimate enlightenment.