INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AND EMPLOYEE SILENCE AFFECTING THE DISCRETION OF THAI LABOR INSPECTORS: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH STREET LEVEL BUREAUCRACY THEORY

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Parinya Unthitphet
Phassakorn Dokchan

Abstract

In this academic article, the implementation gaps within the Thai labor protection policy under the Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541 (1998) were analyzed. Michael Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy Theory was applied to the analysis, and empirical insights from the author's ten-year professional experience as a labor legal advisor and human resource manager were integrated. It was revealed by the study that the efficiency of the petition review mechanism is not aligned with statutory law. Instead, frontline policies were found to be reconstructed through coping mechanisms adopted by labor inspectors to survive institutional constraints, such as caseload overloads, staff shortages, and statutory time limits under Section 124. Driven by the targets of New Public Management, formal administrative procedures were observed to be shifted toward informal mediation by inspectors to achieve quantitative speed metrics. Concurrently, the field environment was shown to be suppressed by employee silence, which was fueled by a power asymmetry and fear of job insecurity. Consequently, workers were compelled by negotiations under fear and informational disadvantage to forfeit their legal rights. The actual frontline policy was thus evaluated as a bureaucratic statistical tool rather than a safeguard for labor rights. Finally, a paradigm shift toward equity-focused network governance was proposed through the establishment of horizontal collaborations, whereby external actors, such as labor unions and legal networks, could be integrated as proactive co-inspectors to counter power imbalances, dismantle worker silence, and sustainably restore the integrity of labor protection laws.

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How to Cite
Unthitphet, P., & Dokchan, P. (2026). INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AND EMPLOYEE SILENCE AFFECTING THE DISCRETION OF THAI LABOR INSPECTORS: AN ANALYSIS THROUGH STREET LEVEL BUREAUCRACY THEORY. Journal of Srilanchang Review, 12(1), 215–225. retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jslc/article/view/300206
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Academic Article

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