การสร้างถิ่นฐาน บ้าน และเรือนคนไทดำ ไทขาวในเวียดนาม

Abstract

Among the ethnic diversity which has been divided by national borders, many Tai ethnic groups have been separated. As nations have been established in South East Asia, the ideology of a unifi ed state has concealed the notion of ethnic identity. Even though states separate the ethnic groups, it cannot divide the belief system and Tainess among the ethnic groups living across borders because Tai groups in every country have similar foundation of language and lifestyle. Tai Dam and Tai Kaw or Tai Dón are a group of Thai who settled in the north of Vietnam and Laos in Sib Song Ju Tai Region consisting of 12 cities of Tai. There are 8 cities of Tai Dam and 4 cities of Tai Kaw. The Tai groups are named according to their city or river location such as Tai Meuang Tan, Tai MeuangMuay, and Tai Meuang Wad. Tai Dam originally lived near Tai Dam River Basin. They called themselves Tai Dam. For Tai Kaw, it is believed that they were originally Tai Dam who mixed with other ethnic groups. Tai Kaw became established in the south of Dien Bien Phu. In the colonial era, the European classifi ed ethnic groups by the colors of their clothes. The Tai Dam were dressed in black clothes while Tai Kaw were dressed in light colors. Tai Kaw and Tai Dam have similar forms of culture especially in terms of family and community establishment along the Dam River which is the biggest river that has been nourishing the lives of Tai Dam for a long time. This article is written about the observation of the areas and villages of the Tai Dam in Dien Bien Phu and Tai Kaw in Mai Jow in 2006 in order to present notions, beliefs, and systems aff ecting the wisdom of the Tai Dam and the Tai Kaw in village and house establishments corresponding to lifestyle and surrounding environments. It has been found that both Tai Dam and Tai Kaw tend to build their houses with high platforms using local materials. They also have utility space suiting their lifestyle. However, the spiritual tabernacle of Tai Dam can be seen more obviously when compared with Tai Kaw. Additionally, the wall of Tai Kaw is more adjustable to serve a variety of utility space when compared with Tai Dam. This may lead to the notion suggesting that the cultures of Tai Kaw are more fl exible to combine with other cultures when compared to Tai Dam.