The Problem Regarding the Legal Status of Summonses Issued by Parliamentary Committees
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Abstract
This research was conducted to study the "legal status" of summonses issued by parliamentary committees, aiming to clarify their true nature. Specifically, although the "mechanism of committee summons" has been in use for a long time, since the Provisional Constitutional Act of 1932, the legal status of these summonses has remained unclear. This ambiguity has led to widespread debate among practitioners.
The research found that the "true legal status" of summonses issued by parliamentary committees is that of a "legislative order," resulting from the exercise of legislative power based on constitutional authority, rather than an "administrative order." However, in practice, parliamentary committees face several issues:
1. The lack of clarity regarding the legal status of committee summonses has led to misunderstandings since the enforcement of the 2007 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, which emphasized the binding nature of committee summonses. This led to the enactment of the 2011 Act on Summonses of the Committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
2. Confusion and uncertainty regarding the legal authority underlying the issuance of committee summonses have impacted the determination of their legal status, particularly between the "Constitution" and the "Act on Summonses of the Committees." This confusion stems from the issue mentioned earlier.
3. The second issue, combined with the lack of clear legal provisions, whether in the Constitution or the Act on Summonses of the Committees, specifying the legal status, has led to a significant misunderstanding that committee summonses are "administrative orders," with the Act serving as the legal basis for their issuance.
4. The inefficiency in enforcing the Constitution and fulfilling legislative duties through the mechanism of committee summonses in Parliament arises from a misunderstanding of their legal status as "administrative orders," which has led to the erroneous application of administrative law and the involvement of administrative courts.
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