An Examination of the Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Creativity in Indonesian Radio Industry
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Employee creative behavior is a positive behavior needed by organizations to maximize the organization’s ability to achieve its goals. The aim of the study was to analyze factors affecting employees’ creative behavior at work on their performance with perceived organizational support and organizational climate as the antecedents and employee creativity as a mediating variable. The sample was 218 employees, working in broadcasting, production, and marketing divisions, from 27 private’s radio industries in Semarang, Indonesia. Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM). The result showed that the creative behavior of employees increased when the organization provided support to employees (β = .24, p = .00) and organizational climate supported employees developing creative behavior (β = .31, p = .02). The higher the employees’ creativity is, the higher the employees’ performance will be (β = .68, p = .00). Furthermore, our findings showed that employee creativity partially and fully mediated the relationship between POS (β = .35, p= .00) and organizational climate (β = .45, p = .02) with employee performance. The practical implications, especially in improving the creative behavior of employees in the radio industry in Indonesia, is needed to provide support and creating a healthy organizational climate that supports employees to work with creativity, which will ultimately improve their work performance.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ahmadi, A. A., & Emamipour, Z. (2013). A study on relationship between organizational climate and creativity. Management Science Letters, 3, 2709-2716. https://doi.org/2710.5267/j.msl.2013.2710.2008
Ahmed, H., & Sigamony, C. (2020). Effect of Employee Creativity on Project Performance with the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing and Moderating Role of Openness to Experience. Global Social Sciences Review, V(II), 137-148. https://doi.org/110.31703/gssr.32020(V-II).31713
Akgunduz, Y., Alkan, C., & Gök, Ö. A. (2018). Perceived organizational support, employee creativity and proactive personality: The mediating effect of meaning of work. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 34, 105-114. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.jhtm.2018.1001.1004
Ali, M., Lei, S., & Wei, X.-Y. (2018). The mediating role of the employee relations climate in the relationship between strategic HRM and organizational performance in Chinese banks. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(3), 115-122. https://org.doi/110.1016/j.jik.2016.1012.1003
Almulhim, A. F. (2020). Linking Knowledge Sharing to Innovative Work Behaviour: The Role of Psychological Empowerment. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 549-560. https://doi.org/510.13106/jafeb.12020.vol13107.no13109.13549
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A Model of creativity and innovation in organizations. In B.M. Staw & l.L. Cummings (Eds). Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 123-167.
Amabile, T. M., & Conti, R. (1999). Changes in the Work Environment for Creativity during Downsizing. Academy of Management Journal, 42(6), 630-640. https://doi.org/610.2307/256984
Amabile, T. M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184. https://doi.org/1110.5465/256995
Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and Creativity in Organizations: A State-of-the-Science Review, Prospective Commentary, and Guiding Framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1297 –1333. https://doi.org/1210.1177/0149206314527128
Baer, M. (2012). Putting Creativity to Work: The Implementation of Creative Ideas in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 55(5), 1102-1119. https://doi.org/1110.5465/amj.2009.0470
Balkar, B. (2015). The Relationships between Organizational Climate, Innovative Behavior and Job Performance of Teachers. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(2), 81-92. https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.12015.15302.15007
Bousinakis, D., & Halkos, G. (2021). Creativity as the hidden development factor for organizations and employees. Economic Analysis and Policy, 71, 645-659. https://doi.org/610.1016/j.eap.2021.1007.1003
Chen, T., Hao, S., Ding, K., Feng, X., Li, G., & Liang, X. (2020). The impact of organizational support on employee performance. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(1), 166-179. https://doi.org/110.1108/er-1101-2019-0079
Cheung, M. F. Y., & Wong, C.-S. (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), 656-672. https://doi.org/610.1108/01437731111169988
Chiang, C.-F., & Hsieh, T.-S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance:The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.ijhm.2011.1004.1011
Choi, S. Y., Lee, H., & Yoo, Y. (2010). The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing , Application, and Team Performance: A Field Study MIS Quarterly V, 34(4), 855-870. Https://doi.org/810.2307/25750708
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-890. https://doi.org/810.1177/0149206305279602
Cullen, K. L., Edwards, B. D., Casper, W. C., & Gue, K. R. (2013). Employees’ Adaptability and Perceptions of Change-Related Uncertainty: Implications for Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction, and Performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(2), 269-280. https://doi.org/210.1007/s10869-10013-19312-y
Doğru, Ç. (2018). The Relationship between Perceived Support and Innovative Behavior: Analyzing the Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 10(2), 384-402. htpps://doi.org/310.20491/isarder.22018.20435
Eisenberger, R., Hungtinton, R., Hutcshison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/510.1037/0021-9010.1071.1033.1500
Ekvall, G. (1996). Organizational climate for creativity and innovation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/110.1080/13594329608414845
Eschleman, K. J., Madsen, J., Alarcon, G., & Barelka, A. (2014). Benefiting from creative activity: The positive relationships between creative activity, recovery experiences, and performance-related outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 579-598. https://doi.org/510.1111/joop.12064
Ghosh, K. (2015). Developing organizational creativity and innovation: Toward a model of selfleadership,employee creativity,creativity climate and workplace innovative orientation. Management Research Review, 38(11), 1126 - 1148. https://doi.org/1110.1108/MRR-1101-2014-0017
Gong, Y., Huang, J.-C., & Farh, J.-L. (2009). Employee Learning Orientation, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Employee Creative Self-Efficacy Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778. https://doi.org/710.1108/dlo.2010.08124bad.08003
Hair., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall.
Henker, N., Sonnentag, S., & Unger, D. (2015). Transformational Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Promotion Focus and Creative Process Engagement. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(2), 235-247. https://doi.org/210.1007/s10869-10014-19348-10867
Huang, L.-C., Gao, M., & Hsu, P.-F. (2019). Effects of Organizational Justice on Organizational Climate and Organizational Performance in Ecology Ling-Chuan Huang 1. Ekoloji Dergisi, 28 (107), 237-241.
Hunter, S. T., Bedell, K. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2005). Dimension of creative climate: A general taxonomy. Korean Journal of Thinking and Problem Solving, 15, 97-116. https://doi.org/110.1080/10400410709336883
Hunter, S. T., Bedell, K. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2007). Climate for Creativity: A Quantitative Review. Creativity Research Journal, 19(1), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410709336883
Ibrahim, H. I., Aerni, I., & Shahbudin, A. S. M. (2016). Organizational Support and Creativity: The Role of Developmental Experiences as a Moderator. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35 509-514. https://doi.org/510.1016/S2212-5671(1016)00063-00060
Inuwa, M. (2016). Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: An Empirical Approach. The Millennium University Journal, 1(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/110.14254/12071-18330.12014/14257-14251/14211
Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 64(4), 408-417. https://doi.org/410.1108/JWL-1104-2019-0054
Jyoti, J., & Dev, M. (2015). The impact of transformational leadership on employee creativity: the role of learning orientation. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 9(1), 78 - 98. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-1103-2014-0022
Kasımoğlu, M., & Ammari, D. (2020). Transformational leadership and employee creativity across cultures. Journal of Management Development, 39(4), 475-498. https://doi.org/410.1108/jmd-1105-2019-0153
Kehoe, R. R., & Wright, P. M. (2010). The Impact of High-Performance Human Resource Practices on Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors. Journal of Management, 39(2), 366-391. htps://doi.org/310.1177/0149206310365901
Khazanchi, S., & Masterson, S. S. (2011). Who and what is fair matters: A multi-foci social exchange model of creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 86–106. https://doi.org/110.1002/job.1682
Kim, T.-Y., Hon, A. H. Y., & Lee, D.-R. (2010). Proactive Personality and Employee Creativity: The Effects of Job Creativity Requirement and Supervisor Support for Creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 37–45(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410903579536
Koseoglu, G., Liu, Y., & Shalley, C. E. (2017). Working with creative leaders: Exploring the relationship between supervisors' and subordinates' creativity. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(6), 798-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.03.002
McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational Culture’s Influence on Creativity and Innovation: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), 226-246. https://doi.org/210.1177/1523422305274528
Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: Mediating role of creative self-efficacy and moderating role of knowledge sharing. Management Decision, 53(5), 894 - 910. https://doi.org/810.1108/MD-1107-2014-0464
Moghimi, S., & Subramaniam, I. D. (2013). Employees’ Creative Behavior: The Role of Organizational Climate in Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5538n5535p5531
Müceldili, B., Turan, H., & Erdil, O. (2013). The Influence of Authentic Leadership on Creativity and Innovativeness. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 673-681. https://doi.org/610.1016/j.sbspro.2013.1010.1538
Mutonyi, B. R., Slåtten, T., & Lien, G. (2020). Organizational climate and creative performance in the public sector. European Business Review, 32(4), 615-631. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-02-2019-0021
Obeng, A. F., Quansah, P. E., Cobbinah, E., & Danso, S. A. (2020). Organizational Climate and Employee Performance: Examining the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(3), 223-247. https://doi.org/210.5296/ijhrs.v5210i5293.17395
Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39(3), 607-634. https://doi.org/610.5465/256657
Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & Cunha, M. P. e. (2012). Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity. Journal of Business Research, 65(3), 429-437. https://doi.org/410.1016/j.jbusres.2011.1010.1003
Ren, F., & Zhang, J. (2015). Job Stressors, Organizational Innovation Climate, and Employees’ Innovative Behavior. Creativity Research Journal, 27(1), 16-23. http://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.10402015.10992659
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/610.1037/0021-9010.1087.1034.1698
Rice, G. (2006). Individual values, Organizational Context, and self-perceptions of employee creativity: Evidence from Egyptian organizations. Journal of Business Research, 59(2), 233-241. https://doi.org/210.1016/j.jbusres.2005.1008.1001
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and Culture. Annu Rev Psychol, 64, 361-388. https://doi.org/310.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809
Schneider, B., Gunnarson, S., & Niles-Jolly, K. (1994). Creating the climate and culture of success. Organizational Dynamics,, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(1094)90085-X
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of Innovative Behavior: A Path Model of Individual Innovation in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607. https://doi.org/510.5465/256701
Shalley, C. E. (1991). Effects of Productivity Goals, Creativity Goals, and Personal Discretionon Individual Creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(2), 179-185. https://doi.org/110.1037/0021-9010.1076.1032.1179
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The Effects of Personal and Contextual Characteristics on Creativity: Where Should We Go from Here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 933-958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007
Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., Heijden, B. I. J. M. v. d., & Farrell, M. (2017). Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of innovative work behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004
Sirkwoo, J. (2015). Leading Employee Creativity: The Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Employee Creativity. Review of General Management, 21(1), 17-28.
Siswanti, Y., & Muafi, M. (2020). Empowering Leadership and Individual Creativity: The Mediation Role of Psychological Empowerment in Facing Covid-19 Pandemic. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(11), 809-816. https://810.13106/jafeb.12020.vol13107.no13111.13809
Suifan, T. S., Abdallah, A. B., & Janini, M. A. (2018). The impact of transformational leadership on employees’ creativity: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. Management Research Review, 41(1), 113-132. https://doi.org/110.1108/MRR-1102-2017-0032
Sun, L.-Y., Zhang, Z., Qi, J., & Chen, Z. X. (2012). Empowerment and creativity: A cross-level investigation. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.1011.1005
Taboli, H., & Zaerizadeh, M. (2016). Examine the Effect of Individual Creativity on Job Performance with the Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership of Headquarters Staff of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. International Business Management, 10(8), 1427-1433. https://doi.org/1410.36478/ibm.32016.31427.31433
Tekleab, A. G., Takeuchi, R., & Taylor, M. S. (2005). Extending the chain of links among organizational justice, social exchange and employee reactions: The role of contract vioalitions. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 146-157. https://doi.org/110.5465/amj.2005.15993162
Tesluk, P. E., Farr, J. L., & Klein, S. R. (1997). Influences of Organizational Culture and Climate on Individual Creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 31 Number 1 Firs1 Quarler 1997(1 ), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1997.tb00779.x
Thatcher, S. M. B., & Brown, S. A. (2010). Individual creativity in teams: The importance of communication media mix. Decision Support Systems, 49(3), 290-300. https://doi.org/210.1016/j.dss.2010.1003.1004
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. L. (1991). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organziational Citizenship and In-Role Behavior. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601– 617. https://doi.org/610.1177/014920639101700305
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a Theory of Organizational Creativity. The Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321. https://doi.org/210.2307/258761
Wu, M.-Y., & Lee, Y.-R. (2011). The effects of internal marketing, job satisfaction and service attitude on job performance among high-tech firm. African Journal of Business Management, 5(32), 12551-12562. https://doi.org/12510.15897/AJBM12511.11775
Yamin, M. A. Y. (2020). Examining the effect of organisational innovation on employee creativity and firm performance: moderating role of knowledge sharing between employee creativity and employee performance Int. J. Business Innovation and Research, 22(3), 447-467. https://doi.org/410.1504/ijbir.2020.108009
Yu, C., & Frenkel, S. J. (2013). Explaining task performance and creativity from perceived organizational support theory: Which mechanisms are more important? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(8), 1165-1181. https://doi.org/1110.1002/job.1844
Yu, C., Yu, T.-F., & Yu, C.-C. (2013). Knowledge Sharing, Organizational Climate, and Innovative Behavior: A Cross-Level Analysis of Effects. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 41(1), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.1.143
Zhang, L., Bu, Q., & Wee, S. (2016). Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Creativity: Moderating Role of Job Stressors. International Journal of Stress Management, Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/str0000025
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010a). The influence of creative process engagement on employee creative performance and overall job performance: a curvilinear assessment. J Appl Psychol, 95 (5), 862-873. https://doi.org/810.1037/a0020173
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010b). Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128. https://doi.org/110.5465/amj.2010.48037118
Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 682-696. https://doi.org/610.5465/3069410