Nurturing Entrepreneurial Spirit Through Integrative Learning Method: The Role of Entrepreneurial Inspiration and Mindset
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Having entrepreneurship in student education may promote social innovation and economic development by fostering job creation. Numerous colleges are now emphasizing entrepreneurship education; therefore, it is essential to identify a practical learning approach. This research explored how an integrative learning model can nurture student entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial inspiration and entrepreneurial mindset. Data were collected from 286 business undergraduate students in Indonesia using an online self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results demonstrate that cognitive learning positively affects entrepreneurial inspiration (b = .37, p < .001) and mindset (b = .23, p = .01). Accordingly, experiential learning also positively affects entrepreneurial inspiration (b = .19, p = .02) and mindsets (b = .27, p < .001). Second, entrepreneurial inspiration positively affects entrepreneurial mindset (b = .34, p < .001) and entrepreneurial intentions (b = .16, p = .04). Third, entrepreneurial mindset positively affects entrepreneurial intentions (b = .55, p < .001). The results also confirm the mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset between cognitive and experiential learning on intention (b = .13, p = .008; b = .06, p < .001, consecutively) and also the mediating role of inspiration between cognitive and experiential learning on mindset (b = .06, p = .01; b = .03, p = .03). The results show that it could be useful for universities to use an integrative learning approach that involves cognitive and experiential learning to encourage inspiration and shape entrepreneurial mindset of students.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ahmad, S. Z., Bakar, A. R. A., & Ahmad, N. (2018). An evaluation of teaching methods of entrepreneurship in hospitality and tourism programs. The International Journal of Management Education, 16(1), 14–25.
Ahmed, T., Chandran, V. G. R., Klobas, J. E., Liñán, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 100327.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Alaref, J., Brodmann, S., & Premand, P. (2020). The medium-term impact of entrepreneurship education on labor market outcomes: Experimental evidence from university graduates in Tunisia. Labour Economics, 62, 101787.
Ardichvili, A. (2003). Constructing socially situated learning experiences in human resource development: an activity theory perspective. Human Resource Development International, 6(1), 5–20.
Arranz, N., Ubierna, F., Arroyabe, M. F., Perez, C., & Fdez. de Arroyabe, J. C. (2017). The effect of curricular and extracurricular activities on university students’ entrepreneurial intention and competences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), 1979–2008.
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta–analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1–26.
Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(1), 53–61.
Béchard, J.-P., & Grégoire, D. (2007). Archetypes of Pedagogical innovation for entrepreneurship in higher education: model and illustrations. Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education: A General Perspective, 1, 261–284.
Borchers, A. S., & Park, S.-H. (2010). Understanding entrepreneurial mindset: A study of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, locus of control and intent to start a business. The Journal of Engineering Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 51–62.
Chen, M.-H., & Agrawal, S. (2018). Exploring student’s team behavior through entrepreneurship education: a time-lagged study. Education+ Training.
Cope, J. (2003). Entrepreneurial learning and critical reflection: Discontinuous events as triggers for ‘higher-level’learning. Management Learning, 34(4), 429–450.
Crane, F. G. (2014). Measuring and Enhancing Dispositional Optimism and Entrepreneurial Intent in the Entrepreneurial Classroom: An Bahamian Study. Journal of the Academy of Business Education, 15.
Crane, F. G., Blunden, R., & Meyer, M. H. (2012). Dispositional Optimism and Entrepreneurial Intent: An Exploratory Cross-Cultural Investigation. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 115–126.
Crane, F., & Meyer, M. (2007). Teaching dispositional optimism in the entrepreneurial classroom. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 5, 163–174.
Cui, J., Sun, J., & Bell, R. (2019). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mindset of college students in China: The mediating role of inspiration and the role of educational attributes. The International Journal of Management Education, 100296.
Dewey, J. (1986). Experience and education. The Educational Forum, 50(3), 241–252.
Dou, X., Zhu, X., Zhang, J. Q., & Wang, J. (2019). Outcomes of entrepreneurship education in China: A customer experience management perspective. Journal of Business Research, 103, 338–347.
Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(7–8), 692–701.
Foo, M. (2011). Emotions and entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(2), 375–393.
Furnham, A., & Ribchester, T. (1995). Tolerance of ambiguity: A review of the concept, its measurement and applications. Current Psychology, 14(3), 179–199.
Gemmell, R. M., Boland, R. J., & Kolb, D. A. (2012). The socio–cognitive dynamics of entrepreneurial ideation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(5), 1053–1073.
Gerba, D. T. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies.
Gibb, A. (2002). In pursuit of a new ‘enterprise’and ‘entrepreneurship’paradigm for learning: creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(3), 233–269.
Grichnik, D., Smeja, A., & Welpe, I. (2010). The importance of being emotional: How do emotions affect entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and exploitation? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(1), 15–29.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Hattab, H. W. (2014). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Egypt. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 1–18.
Haynie, J. M., Shepherd, D., Mosakowski, E., & Earley, P. C. (2010). A situated metacognitive model of the entrepreneurial mindset. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(2), 217–229.
Honig, B. (2004). Entrepreneurship education: Toward a model of contingency-based business planning. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), 258–273.
Hynes, B., Costin, Y., & Birdthistle, N. (2011). Practice‐based learning in entrepreneurship education. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning.
Iwu, C. G., Opute, P. A., Nchu, R., Eresia-Eke, C., Tengeh, R. K., Jaiyeoba, O., & Aliyu, O. A. (2019). Entrepreneurship education, curriculum and lecturer-competency as antecedents of student entrepreneurial intention. The International Journal of Management Education, 100295.
Jena, R. K. (2020). Measuring the Impact of Business Management Student’s Attitude towards Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention: A Case Study. Computers in Human Behavior, 106275.
Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J. A., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education: A study of Iranian students’ entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity identification. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 187–209.
Kassean, H., Vanevenhoven, J., Liguori, E., & Winkel, D. E. (2015). Entrepreneurship education: a need for reflection, real-world experience and action. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Kier, A. S., & McMullen, J. S. (2018). Entrepreneurial imaginativeness in new venture ideation. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2265–2295.
KyrÖ, P., & Ristimäki, K. (2008). Expanding arenas and dynamics of entrepreneurship education. The Finnish Journal of Business Economics, 3(2008), 259–265.
Lackéus, M. (2014). An emotion based approach to assessing entrepreneurial education. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 374–396.
Li, Y.-Q., & Liu, C.-H. (2016). How to establish a creative atmosphere in tourism and hospitality education in the context of China. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 18, 9–20.
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617.
Loon, M., & Bell, R. (2018). The moderating effects of emotions on cognitive skills. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(5), 694–707.
Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211–224.
Mathisen, J.-E., & Arnulf, J. K. (2014). Entrepreneurial mindsets: Theoretical foundations and empirical properties of a mindset scale.
McGrath, R. G., & MacMillan, I. C. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty (Vol. 284). Harvard Business Press.
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Ertuna, Z. İ., & Gurel, E. (2011). The moderating role of higher education on entrepreneurship. Education+ Training.
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277–299.
Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Liñán, F., Akhtar, I., & Neame, C. (2018). Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), 452–467.
Ndou, V., Mele, G., & Del Vecchio, P. (2019). Entrepreneurship education in tourism: An investigation among European Universities. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 25, 100175.
Neneh, N. B. (2012). An exploratory study on entrepreneurial mindset in the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector: A South African perspective on fostering small and medium enterprise (SME) success. African Journal of Business Management, 6(9), 3364.
Newbery, R., Lean, J., Moizer, J., & Haddoud, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial identity formation during the initial entrepreneurial experience: The influence of simulation feedback and existing identity. Journal of Business Research, 85, 51–59.
Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454.
Pablo, A. L. (1997). Reconciling predictions of decision making under risk. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), 129–144.
Pfeifer, S., Šarlija, N., & Zekić Sušac, M. (2016). Shaping the entrepreneurial mindset: Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Croatia. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 102–117.
Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970–985.
RASHFORD, N. S., & DE FIGUEIREDO, J. N. (2010). THE" LIVE-CASE" INTERVENTION METHOD: LEADERSHIP SKILLS THROUGH EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2010(1), 1–6.
Rauch, A., & Rijsdijk, S. A. (2013). The effects of general and specific human capital on long–term growth and failure of newly founded businesses. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), 923–941.
Rideout, E. C., & Gray, D. O. (2013). Does entrepreneurship education really work? A review and methodological critique of the empirical literature on the effects of university‐based entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 329–351.
Sánchez, J. C. (2013). The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 447–465.
Scarpetta, S., Sonnet, A., Livanos, I., Núñez, I., Riddell, W. C., Song, X., & Maselli, I. (2012). Challenges facing European labour markets: Is a skill upgrade the appropriate instrument? Intereconomics, 47(1), 4–30.
Schmidt, A. M., & Ford, J. K. (2003). Learning within a learner control training environment: The interactive effects of goal orientation and metacognitive instruction on learning outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 56(2), 405–429.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
Sharp, J. G., Sharp, J. C., & Young, E. (2020). Academic boredom, engagement and the achievement of undergraduate students at university: A review and synthesis of relevant literature. Research Papers in Education, 35(2), 144–184.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566–591.
Sun, H., Lo, C. T., Liang, B., & Wong, Y. L. B. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students in Hong Kong. Management Decision.
Tang, J., Kacmar, K. M. M., & Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), 77–94.
Turker, D., & Selcuk, S. S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students? Journal of European Industrial Training.
Wei, X., Liu, X., & Sha, J. (2019). How Does the Entrepreneurship Education Influence the Students’ Innovation? Testing on the Multiple Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.
Winkler, B., Dörr, S., & Klebl, U. (2017). Diagnose erfolgsrelevanter Kompetenzen und Motive von Führungskräften. In Auswahl und Onboarding von Führungspersönlichkeiten (pp. 49–90). Springer.
Yamazaki, Y., & Kayes, D. C. (2004). An experiential approach to cross-cultural learning: A review and integration of competencies for successful expatriate adaptation. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(4), 362–379.
Zhang, S.-N., Li, Y.-Q., Liu, C.-H., & Ruan, W.-Q. (2020). Critical factors identification and prediction of tourism and hospitality students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 26, 100234.
Zhang, Y., Duysters, G., & Cloodt, M. (2014). The role of entrepreneurship education as a predictor of university students’ entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(3), 623–641.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265.