THE RITUAL AND BELIEF LIFESTYLE OF THE CATTLE HERDERS : A CASE STUDY OF BAN PHO SUBDISTRICT, MUANG DISTRICT, TRANG PROVINCE

Abstract

The objectives of this research are twofold: 1) to explore the ritual practices and beliefs associated with raising bulls for competition, and 2) analyze the impact of this sport on the lives of individuals and the community, focusing on a case study in Ban Pho subdistrict, Mueang district, Trang province. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Key informants include 21 fighting bull owners, 10 bull caretakers (veterinarians), and 21 individuals with strong beliefs related to bullfighting, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed through content analysis and summarized comprehensively. The findings revealed that: 1) The ritual practices encompass observing seasonal patterns, protecting bulls from predators, making offerings to sacred entities, and adhering to specific beliefs regarding the ideal characteristics of competitive bulls. These characteristics include small ears, large horns, a distinct placenta-shaped head, thick eyebrows, a short and narrow face, a broad chest, a large belly and bones, a long neck, short ankles, a long phallus, forward-facing testicles, and small buttocks and tail. Other aspects of bull-rearing involve attention to coat quality, food, genetics, training, and maintenance. Equipment such as cattle stalls, photography tools, and deer ropes were also utilized. 2) The impacts of bullfighting on the lives of individuals and the community include various aspects. On a familial level, it enhances income generation. Socially, it fosters the exchange of experiences, and the creation of social networks within the community. Public health officials view, the lifestyle of bull owners as unsanitary, while ethicists consider, the practice a form of torture animal. Educational perspective proposes, bullfighting represents local knowledge and Southern wisdom passed down from ancestors. Religiously views, it serves as an activity that bridges gaps between different faiths. Economically, it contributes to creative economy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting agricultural community enterprises aimed at elevating grassroots economic development. Politically, it reflects the regulations, values, customs, and traditions that characterize the community and society. Lastly, it plays a role in the conservation of bullfighting breeds and serves as a recreational activity.